Background: Indonesia reported 1,143 penile carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2013. Bali reported the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in 2004-2013. Method: A quantitative descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Karangasem General Hospital and Balimed Karangasem Hospital. Results: This study involved 29 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2020-2022. The highest number of cases was found in 2020. Most cases were in the 60-69 year age-group (34.5%), with a low educational level (75.9%), a smoking habit (75.9%), no history of circumcision (100%), and squamous cell carcinoma (86.2%). The treatment was mainly partial penectomy (41.3%). Conclusion: The study found that the highest prevalence of penile cancer was 6.02 per 100,000 people in 2020.
{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Penile Cancer in Karangasem Regency, Indonesia, 2020-2022","authors":"Made Suyadnya, I. Putu, Adi Kurniawan","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indonesia reported 1,143 penile carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2013. Bali reported the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in 2004-2013. Method: A quantitative descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Karangasem General Hospital and Balimed Karangasem Hospital. Results: This study involved 29 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2020-2022. The highest number of cases was found in 2020. Most cases were in the 60-69 year age-group (34.5%), with a low educational level (75.9%), a smoking habit (75.9%), no history of circumcision (100%), and squamous cell carcinoma (86.2%). The treatment was mainly partial penectomy (41.3%). Conclusion: The study found that the highest prevalence of penile cancer was 6.02 per 100,000 people in 2020.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varicose veins are characterized by the elongation, widening, and twisting of the venous system, accompanied by impaired blood circulation. It usually occurs in lower extremities, with a prevalence of 10%-30%. It affects mainly women, and the prevalence rate increases with age. The CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological) classification allows for a more precise diagnosis and provides better results. Treatment includes conservative therapy and intervention. With appropriate management, postoperative care, and rehabilitation, the prognosis of varicose veins is generally good.
{"title":"Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Varises Tungkai","authors":"Kayan Setiawan, Tan Hengky","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Varicose veins are characterized by the elongation, widening, and twisting of the venous system, accompanied by impaired blood circulation. It usually occurs in lower extremities, with a prevalence of 10%-30%. It affects mainly women, and the prevalence rate increases with age. The CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological) classification allows for a more precise diagnosis and provides better results. Treatment includes conservative therapy and intervention. With appropriate management, postoperative care, and rehabilitation, the prognosis of varicose veins is generally good. ","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citicoline is a drug that has many benefits as a neuroprotector. Many studies in adults show the clinical benefits of citicoline in various neurological disorders such as dementia, head trauma, stroke, Parkinson, etc. However, the effectiveness of citicoline in children has not been widely studied.
{"title":"The Role of Citicoline in Post-Brain Surgery Children","authors":"Lina Purnamasari","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1050","url":null,"abstract":"Citicoline is a drug that has many benefits as a neuroprotector. Many studies in adults show the clinical benefits of citicoline in various neurological disorders such as dementia, head trauma, stroke, Parkinson, etc. However, the effectiveness of citicoline in children has not been widely studied.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reisa Reshinta, Githa Rahmayunita, Rahadi Rihatmadja, R. Astriningrum
Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare photodermatoses with the most frequent onset in childhood. The exact pathogenesis of HV is still not known. This disease is a spectrum with almost similar clinical symptoms, but with a very different prognosis. Classic HV has the best prognosis, but affects the quality of life due to scar formation, while hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (HVLL) is the variant with the worst prognosis. HV needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially in childhood-onset photodermatoses. Classical HV must be distinguishes from hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) because it is related to prognosis. There is still no consensus or guidelines on diagnosis and management for HV.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Hydroa Vacciniforme","authors":"Reisa Reshinta, Githa Rahmayunita, Rahadi Rihatmadja, R. Astriningrum","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.902","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare photodermatoses with the most frequent onset in childhood. The exact pathogenesis of HV is still not known. This disease is a spectrum with almost similar clinical symptoms, but with a very different prognosis. Classic HV has the best prognosis, but affects the quality of life due to scar formation, while hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (HVLL) is the variant with the worst prognosis. HV needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially in childhood-onset photodermatoses. Classical HV must be distinguishes from hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) because it is related to prognosis. There is still no consensus or guidelines on diagnosis and management for HV. ","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Ayu Cintya Pradnyandari, Anak Agung Candra Wahyuni, Putu Dyah Ayu Saraswati
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in man who have sex with man (MSM) is increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. HIV and syphilis are two sexually transmitted diseases that frequently interact and modify the symptoms and signs of the disease. A case of a 27-year-old male with generalized multiple erythematous plaques including palms and soles since 4 days ago was reported. The patient has been diagnosed with HIV since 2017. The patient is sexually active with a male sex partner and rarely uses condoms. Diagnosis of syphilis is made based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The treatment was benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units in 3 doses. The combination of HIV and syphilis needs longer therapy and requires serological follow-up for up to 24 months.
{"title":"Risky Behavior of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) Increases the Risk of HIV and Syphilis Infection","authors":"Ida Ayu Cintya Pradnyandari, Anak Agung Candra Wahyuni, Putu Dyah Ayu Saraswati","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.987","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of sexually transmitted infections in man who have sex with man (MSM) is increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. HIV and syphilis are two sexually transmitted diseases that frequently interact and modify the symptoms and signs of the disease. A case of a 27-year-old male with generalized multiple erythematous plaques including palms and soles since 4 days ago was reported. The patient has been diagnosed with HIV since 2017. The patient is sexually active with a male sex partner and rarely uses condoms. Diagnosis of syphilis is made based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The treatment was benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units in 3 doses. The combination of HIV and syphilis needs longer therapy and requires serological follow-up for up to 24 months.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obese children is 14% and 33%, respectively. Additional information such as age, gender, and height needed to define hypertension in children. In addition, blood pressure measurement in obese children faces many challenges. Therefore, the diagnosis of hypertension in obese children needs to be carefully considered. Body weight reduction through diet management and physical activity remain the main management strategy for hypertension in obese children. Persistent hypertension after 6-12 months despite a healthy lifestyle needs additional medication.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in Obese Children","authors":"Jefry","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1013","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obese children is 14% and 33%, respectively. Additional information such as age, gender, and height needed to define hypertension in children. In addition, blood pressure measurement in obese children faces many challenges. Therefore, the diagnosis of hypertension in obese children needs to be carefully considered. Body weight reduction through diet management and physical activity remain the main management strategy for hypertension in obese children. Persistent hypertension after 6-12 months despite a healthy lifestyle needs additional medication.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Nathania, Shania Sutanto Jaya, Anthony Yauwono
Hemorrhoids are one of the most common perianal cases and may cause lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Most cases can be treated with medications and/or simple procedures. Surgical intervention is required in advanced stages or complicated cases. However, this procedure is often associated with postoperative pain. Topical sucralfate is known to reduce postoperative pain.
{"title":"The Role of Topical Sucralfate in Reducing Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain","authors":"Jessica Nathania, Shania Sutanto Jaya, Anthony Yauwono","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.976","url":null,"abstract":"Hemorrhoids are one of the most common perianal cases and may cause lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Most cases can be treated with medications and/or simple procedures. Surgical intervention is required in advanced stages or complicated cases. However, this procedure is often associated with postoperative pain. Topical sucralfate is known to reduce postoperative pain.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With its locally invasive nature, cholesteatoma has the potential to cause fatal complications. However, many remain undetected until advanced stages. Otalgia is suggested as the indicator of impending intratemporal or intracranial complication and is commonly presented before episodes of characteristic foul-smelling purulent discharge. As an earlier diagnosis of this condition is needed, this study aims to find whether the presence of otalgia has a prognostic value of cholesteatoma formation in adult patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Literature searching using Pubmed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect was done from the 12th to 16th of March 2022. Two articles were selected and appraised using the Center of Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford tool for prognostic study. Both studies retrospectively found no statistically significant patient characteristics or clinical presentation findings including otalgia that might guide the distinction between chronic suppurative otitis media on first hospital admission with and without cholesteatoma. Even though all studies have good validity, applicability, and precise prognostic estimates owing to their narrow 95%CI, considerable discrepancies between the two studies exist, therefore clinical interpretation remains questionable. Otalgia does not have a significant prognostic role in cholesteatoma formation in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.
胆脂瘤具有局部侵袭性，有可能引起致命的并发症。然而，许多胆脂瘤直到晚期才被发现。耳痛被认为是即将发生颞内或颅内并发症的指标，通常出现在特征性恶臭脓性分泌物发作之前。由于需要更早地诊断这种疾病，本研究旨在了解耳痛的出现是否对慢性化脓性中耳炎成年患者胆脂瘤的形成具有预后价值。研究人员于 2022 年 3 月 12 日至 16 日使用 Pubmed、Cochrane 和 ScienceDirect 进行了文献检索。筛选出两篇文章，并使用牛津循证医学中心（Center of Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford）的预后研究工具进行评估。这两项研究均通过回顾性研究发现，患者特征或临床表现（包括耳痛）并无统计学意义，无法用于区分首次入院时有胆脂瘤和无胆脂瘤的慢性化脓性中耳炎。尽管所有研究都具有良好的有效性和适用性，而且由于其 95%CI 较小，因此对预后的估计也比较准确，但两项研究之间存在相当大的差异，因此临床解释仍值得商榷。耳痛对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者胆脂瘤形成的预后作用不大。
{"title":"Otalgia as a Predictor of Cholesteatoma Formation in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media","authors":"Fabiola Cathleen","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1098","url":null,"abstract":"With its locally invasive nature, cholesteatoma has the potential to cause fatal complications. However, many remain undetected until advanced stages. Otalgia is suggested as the indicator of impending intratemporal or intracranial complication and is commonly presented before episodes of characteristic foul-smelling purulent discharge. As an earlier diagnosis of this condition is needed, this study aims to find whether the presence of otalgia has a prognostic value of cholesteatoma formation in adult patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Literature searching using Pubmed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect was done from the 12th to 16th of March 2022. Two articles were selected and appraised using the Center of Evidence-Based Medicine Oxford tool for prognostic study. Both studies retrospectively found no statistically significant patient characteristics or clinical presentation findings including otalgia that might guide the distinction between chronic suppurative otitis media on first hospital admission with and without cholesteatoma. Even though all studies have good validity, applicability, and precise prognostic estimates owing to their narrow 95%CI, considerable discrepancies between the two studies exist, therefore clinical interpretation remains questionable. Otalgia does not have a significant prognostic role in cholesteatoma formation in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endy Juli Anto, Jekson Martiar Siahaan, P. Eyanoer
Background: Stroke is the third most common disease after heart disease and cancer and the main cause of disability worldwide. The most common type of stroke, which accounts for around 85%-87% of cases, is ischemic stroke (IS). This report is to examine the benefits of citicoline for IS patients. Case: A 63-year-old male was admitted with a diagnosis of IS and electrolyte disturbances. General treatment is semi-Fowler’s position, oxygen, and maintaining fluid and nutritional intake. Specific management is RL infusion 20 gtt/minute, candesartan 1x16 mg, clopidogrel 1x75 mg, omeprazole 40 mg/24 h intravenous (IV), and citicoline 500 mg/12 h IV. The patient showed clinical improvement. Method: Articles in PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar in February-April 2022 were searched to find relevant studies to be evaluated with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full text was obtained and critically reviewed with the evidence-based medicine guidelines. The results are limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Five studies were deemed valid, important, and applicable. However, the quality of these studies varies. Conclusion: All studies show that citicoline use could potentially improve clinical outcomes in IS patients.
背景：中风是仅次于心脏病和癌症的第三大常见疾病，也是全球致残的主要原因。最常见的中风类型是缺血性中风（IS），约占病例总数的 85%-87%。本报告旨在探讨柠檬胆碱对 IS 患者的益处。病例：一名 63 岁的男性入院，诊断为 IS 和电解质紊乱。一般治疗为半卧位、吸氧、维持液体和营养摄入。具体治疗方法是输注 RL 20 克/分钟、坎地沙坦 1x16 毫克、氯吡格雷 1x75 毫克、奥美拉唑 40 毫克/24 小时静脉注射（IV）和柠檬酸钙 500 毫克/12 小时静脉注射。患者的临床症状有所改善。研究方法检索2022年2月至4月在PubMed、Cochrane和Google Scholar上发表的相关文章，根据纳入和排除标准对相关研究进行评估。获取全文并根据循证医学指南进行严格审查。结果仅限于系统综述和荟萃分析。结果五项研究被认为是有效、重要和适用的。然而，这些研究的质量参差不齐。结论：所有研究都表明，使用柠檬胆碱有可能改善 IS 患者的临床疗效。
{"title":"Benefits of Citicoline in Ischemic Stroke Management","authors":"Endy Juli Anto, Jekson Martiar Siahaan, P. Eyanoer","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i5.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is the third most common disease after heart disease and cancer and the main cause of disability worldwide. The most common type of stroke, which accounts for around 85%-87% of cases, is ischemic stroke (IS). This report is to examine the benefits of citicoline for IS patients. Case: A 63-year-old male was admitted with a diagnosis of IS and electrolyte disturbances. General treatment is semi-Fowler’s position, oxygen, and maintaining fluid and nutritional intake. Specific management is RL infusion 20 gtt/minute, candesartan 1x16 mg, clopidogrel 1x75 mg, omeprazole 40 mg/24 h intravenous (IV), and citicoline 500 mg/12 h IV. The patient showed clinical improvement. Method: Articles in PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar in February-April 2022 were searched to find relevant studies to be evaluated with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full text was obtained and critically reviewed with the evidence-based medicine guidelines. The results are limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Five studies were deemed valid, important, and applicable. However, the quality of these studies varies. Conclusion: All studies show that citicoline use could potentially improve clinical outcomes in IS patients.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zalfa Nihamuyassari Kanilla, M. Azizah, Fery Luvita Sari
Ischemic stroke, caused by a blockage in the brain’s blood vessels, is a critical emergency that requires immediate treatment. This study examined the efficacy of citicoline as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. A comprehensive search of four databases (Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) was conducted, identifying a total of 5265 articles. Three clinical trials were selected for critical appraisal. Agarwal demonstrated a larger reduction in stroke infarct volume in the citicoline group (4.22 cm3) compared to the placebo group (2.63 cm3) (p=0.483). On day 90, the citicoline group exhibited superior results in mRS scores of 0-2 (p=0.732), NIHSS scores of 0-2 (p=0.934), Barthel index ≥95 (p=0.564), and patient mortality (p=0.468). Seifaddini’s study revealed improved peak systolic velocity and mean arterial flow velocity in the cerebrovascular system. Enrico’s study showed improved mean short afferent latency inhibition in the cholinergic circuits of the citicoline group (p=0.004). Citicoline proves effective as an adjuvant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
{"title":"Potensi Citicoline sebagai Terapi Neuroproteksi dan Neuroregenerasi pada Stroke Iskemik Akut","authors":"Zalfa Nihamuyassari Kanilla, M. Azizah, Fery Luvita Sari","doi":"10.55175/cdk.v51i3.974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i3.974","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke, caused by a blockage in the brain’s blood vessels, is a critical emergency that requires immediate treatment. This study examined the efficacy of citicoline as an adjunct therapy to improve outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. A comprehensive search of four databases (Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) was conducted, identifying a total of 5265 articles. Three clinical trials were selected for critical appraisal. Agarwal demonstrated a larger reduction in stroke infarct volume in the citicoline group (4.22 cm3) compared to the placebo group (2.63 cm3) (p=0.483). On day 90, the citicoline group exhibited superior results in mRS scores of 0-2 (p=0.732), NIHSS scores of 0-2 (p=0.934), Barthel index ≥95 (p=0.564), and patient mortality (p=0.468). Seifaddini’s study revealed improved peak systolic velocity and mean arterial flow velocity in the cerebrovascular system. Enrico’s study showed improved mean short afferent latency inhibition in the cholinergic circuits of the citicoline group (p=0.004). Citicoline proves effective as an adjuvant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapy for acute ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":295318,"journal":{"name":"Cermin Dunia Kedokteran","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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