Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.2174/0118740707325368240722062451
B. Padmavathy, B. S. Ebinezer, K. Karthikeyan, M. Arumugam, M. Ayyanar, Padma Priya, S. Amalraj, S. Prabhu, Antony Ceasar
To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Terminalia arjuna bark extract (TABE) and investigate their efficacy in controlling Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes This research investigates the utilization of Terminalia arjuna bark extract to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a means of controlling disease-carrying mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The nanoparticles are analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, FT-IR analysis, and SEM. In silico studies provide additional investigation into the larvicidal properties of T. arjuna phytochemicals, providing valuable insights into their effectiveness as biocontrol agents. The current research aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Terminalia arjuna bark extract (TABE-AgNPs) in controlling the disease-transmitting vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, and FT-IR analysis, and the morphology of the particles was measured using the SEM. The size of the synthesized particles ranged from 28.57 to 79.38 nm. An in silico larvicidal and insecticidal potential of Terminalia arjuna chemical constituents are also carried on the key proteins of mosquitoes using the Schrodinger module. The biosynthesized AgNPs were investigated for larvicidal effect on the dengue-causing vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The AgNPs showed a significant larvicidal impact on the mosquitoes after 24 and 48 hours, with the LC50 of 6.49 and 4.50 ppm, respectively. The in-silico research indicates that the chosen phytochemicals of T. arjuna exhibit larvicidal properties due to their high binding affinities with key mosquito proteins of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Specifically, leucodelphinidin, mannitol, and leucocianidol were found to exhibit mosquitocidal properties. These revealed their insecticidal effects by showing the binding affinities and docking scores of -7.11584 kcal/mol for FK506-binding protein 12, -7.78699 kcal/mol for Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 7, -5.96534 kcal/mol for salivary protein 34k2, -5.78943 kcal/mol for Odorant-binding protein and -7.21602 kcal/mol for young juvenile hormone-binding protein. Eventually, the present research concluded that the phytochemicals T. arjuna might act as capping and reducing elements during the fabrication of nanoparticles that lead to the potential larvicidal effects after capping with silver. This study also suggested that green synthesized nanoparticles could be potential biocontrol agents in controlling the populations of disease-transmitting vectors.
{"title":"Terminalia Arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & amp; Arn: Unveiling its Potential as a Mosquito Control Agent through Biosynthesized Nanomaterials and Computational Analysis against Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus","authors":"B. Padmavathy, B. S. Ebinezer, K. Karthikeyan, M. Arumugam, M. Ayyanar, Padma Priya, S. Amalraj, S. Prabhu, Antony Ceasar","doi":"10.2174/0118740707325368240722062451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707325368240722062451","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Terminalia arjuna bark extract (TABE) and investigate their efficacy in controlling Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research investigates the utilization of Terminalia arjuna bark extract to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a means of controlling disease-carrying mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The nanoparticles are analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, FT-IR analysis, and SEM. In silico studies provide additional investigation into the larvicidal properties of T. arjuna phytochemicals, providing valuable insights into their effectiveness as biocontrol agents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current research aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Terminalia arjuna bark extract (TABE-AgNPs) in controlling the disease-transmitting vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, and FT-IR analysis, and the morphology of the particles was measured using the SEM. The size of the synthesized particles ranged from 28.57 to 79.38 nm. An in silico larvicidal and insecticidal potential of Terminalia arjuna chemical constituents are also carried on the key proteins of mosquitoes using the Schrodinger module.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The biosynthesized AgNPs were investigated for larvicidal effect on the dengue-causing vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The AgNPs showed a significant larvicidal impact on the mosquitoes after 24 and 48 hours, with the LC50 of 6.49 and 4.50 ppm, respectively. The in-silico research indicates that the chosen phytochemicals of T. arjuna exhibit larvicidal properties due to their high binding affinities with key mosquito proteins of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Specifically, leucodelphinidin, mannitol, and leucocianidol were found to exhibit mosquitocidal properties. These revealed their insecticidal effects by showing the binding affinities and docking scores of -7.11584 kcal/mol for FK506-binding protein 12, -7.78699 kcal/mol for Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 7, -5.96534 kcal/mol for salivary protein 34k2, -5.78943 kcal/mol for Odorant-binding protein and -7.21602 kcal/mol for young juvenile hormone-binding protein.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eventually, the present research concluded that the phytochemicals T. arjuna might act as capping and reducing elements during the fabrication of nanoparticles that lead to the potential larvicidal effects after capping with silver. This study also suggested that green synthesized nanoparticles could be potential biocontrol agents in controlling the populations of disease-transmitting vectors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"34 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.2174/0118740707309184240430055304
Amit Kumar Mittal
{"title":"Navigating the Nanoscale: Unraveling the Complexities of Metallic Nanoparticle Biosynthesis for Biomedical Breakthroughs and Addressing Toxicity Concerns","authors":"Amit Kumar Mittal","doi":"10.2174/0118740707309184240430055304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707309184240430055304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"120 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253
Aqil Azizi, S. Fairus, D. Sari
Plastic is resistant to natural breakdown because of its intricate structure, which features long and repeated molecular chains. As a result, a variety of plastic waste, mostly made of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), accumulates in Jakarta Bay. The use of microorganisms to degrade plastic trash has emerged as a highly promising bioremediation strategy. The goal of this research is to find microorganisms capable of digesting plastic in the samples of seawater and sediment obtained from Muara Angke Jakarta Bay. The bacteria were grown on Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) that had been treated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The bacteria were then selected based on their capacity to degrade PE and PET microplastics in a liquid medium. The ability to degrade was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the decrease in plastic dry weight after a 14-day incubation period. Seven bacterial isolates capable of decomposing PE and PET were found during the isolation and screening methods. The WJ1 outperformed other isolates in the degradation of PE and PET, with degradation rates of 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively. According to 16S rRNA analysis, five bacterial species have been identified as playing a part in the process of plastic degradation: Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas caenipelagi, Microbulbifer pacificus, Pseudomonas marincola, and Bacillus subtilis. The ability of these bacteria to biodegrade plastics represents an opportunity to effectively remove persistent pollutants from the environment.
塑料的结构复杂，分子链长且重复，因此不易自然分解。因此，雅加达湾积聚了各种塑料垃圾，主要由聚乙烯（PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）制成。利用微生物降解塑料垃圾已成为一种极具前景的生物修复策略。 本研究的目标是在雅加达湾穆阿拉安吉的海水和沉积物样本中发现能够消化塑料的微生物。这些细菌生长在用 2% 聚乙二醇 (PEG) 处理过的佐贝尔海洋琼脂 (ZMA) 上。然后根据细菌在液体培养基中降解 PE 和 PET 微塑料的能力来选择细菌。降解能力是通过测量 600 纳米波长处的光密度（OD）和培养 14 天后塑料干重的减少来确定的。 在分离和筛选方法中发现了七种能够分解 PE 和 PET 的细菌分离物。WJ1 在降解 PE 和 PET 方面的表现优于其他分离菌，降解率分别为 4.5% 和 6.5%。 根据 16S rRNA 分析，确定了五种细菌在塑料降解过程中发挥作用：它们分别是藻溶弧菌、假藻单胞菌、太平洋小球藻、马林科拉假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。这些细菌生物降解塑料的能力为有效清除环境中的持久性污染物提供了机会。
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate-degrading Bacteria from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia","authors":"Aqil Azizi, S. Fairus, D. Sari","doi":"10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Plastic is resistant to natural breakdown because of its intricate structure, which features long and repeated molecular chains. As a result, a variety of plastic waste, mostly made of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), accumulates in Jakarta Bay. The use of microorganisms to degrade plastic trash has emerged as a highly promising bioremediation strategy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The goal of this research is to find microorganisms capable of digesting plastic in the samples of seawater and sediment obtained from Muara Angke Jakarta Bay. The bacteria were grown on Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) that had been treated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The bacteria were then selected based on their capacity to degrade PE and PET microplastics in a liquid medium. The ability to degrade was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the decrease in plastic dry weight after a 14-day incubation period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Seven bacterial isolates capable of decomposing PE and PET were found during the isolation and screening methods. The WJ1 outperformed other isolates in the degradation of PE and PET, with degradation rates of 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to 16S rRNA analysis, five bacterial species have been identified as playing a part in the process of plastic degradation: Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas caenipelagi, Microbulbifer pacificus, Pseudomonas marincola, and Bacillus subtilis. The ability of these bacteria to biodegrade plastics represents an opportunity to effectively remove persistent pollutants from the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253
Aqil Azizi, S. Fairus, D. Sari
Plastic is resistant to natural breakdown because of its intricate structure, which features long and repeated molecular chains. As a result, a variety of plastic waste, mostly made of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), accumulates in Jakarta Bay. The use of microorganisms to degrade plastic trash has emerged as a highly promising bioremediation strategy. The goal of this research is to find microorganisms capable of digesting plastic in the samples of seawater and sediment obtained from Muara Angke Jakarta Bay. The bacteria were grown on Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) that had been treated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The bacteria were then selected based on their capacity to degrade PE and PET microplastics in a liquid medium. The ability to degrade was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the decrease in plastic dry weight after a 14-day incubation period. Seven bacterial isolates capable of decomposing PE and PET were found during the isolation and screening methods. The WJ1 outperformed other isolates in the degradation of PE and PET, with degradation rates of 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively. According to 16S rRNA analysis, five bacterial species have been identified as playing a part in the process of plastic degradation: Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas caenipelagi, Microbulbifer pacificus, Pseudomonas marincola, and Bacillus subtilis. The ability of these bacteria to biodegrade plastics represents an opportunity to effectively remove persistent pollutants from the environment.
塑料的结构复杂，分子链长且重复，因此不易自然分解。因此，雅加达湾积聚了各种塑料垃圾，主要由聚乙烯（PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）制成。利用微生物降解塑料垃圾已成为一种极具前景的生物修复策略。 本研究的目标是在雅加达湾穆阿拉安吉的海水和沉积物样本中发现能够消化塑料的微生物。这些细菌生长在用 2% 聚乙二醇 (PEG) 处理过的佐贝尔海洋琼脂 (ZMA) 上。然后根据细菌在液体培养基中降解 PE 和 PET 微塑料的能力来选择细菌。降解能力是通过测量 600 纳米波长处的光密度（OD）和培养 14 天后塑料干重的减少来确定的。 在分离和筛选方法中发现了七种能够分解 PE 和 PET 的细菌分离物。WJ1 在降解 PE 和 PET 方面的表现优于其他分离菌，降解率分别为 4.5% 和 6.5%。 根据 16S rRNA 分析，确定了五种细菌在塑料降解过程中发挥作用：它们分别是藻溶弧菌、假藻单胞菌、太平洋小球藻、马林科拉假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。这些细菌生物降解塑料的能力为有效清除环境中的持久性污染物提供了机会。
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate-degrading Bacteria from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia","authors":"Aqil Azizi, S. Fairus, D. Sari","doi":"10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707280343231208102253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Plastic is resistant to natural breakdown because of its intricate structure, which features long and repeated molecular chains. As a result, a variety of plastic waste, mostly made of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), accumulates in Jakarta Bay. The use of microorganisms to degrade plastic trash has emerged as a highly promising bioremediation strategy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The goal of this research is to find microorganisms capable of digesting plastic in the samples of seawater and sediment obtained from Muara Angke Jakarta Bay. The bacteria were grown on Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) that had been treated with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The bacteria were then selected based on their capacity to degrade PE and PET microplastics in a liquid medium. The ability to degrade was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the decrease in plastic dry weight after a 14-day incubation period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Seven bacterial isolates capable of decomposing PE and PET were found during the isolation and screening methods. The WJ1 outperformed other isolates in the degradation of PE and PET, with degradation rates of 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to 16S rRNA analysis, five bacterial species have been identified as playing a part in the process of plastic degradation: Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudoalteromonas caenipelagi, Microbulbifer pacificus, Pseudomonas marincola, and Bacillus subtilis. The ability of these bacteria to biodegrade plastics represents an opportunity to effectively remove persistent pollutants from the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"241 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.2174/0118740707192866240116112512
T. P. Krishna, N. M. Krishnakumar, T. Maharajan, S. A. Ceasar
Ayapana triplinervis is a popular ethnomedicinal and ornamental plant species. Due to its high medicinal importance, A. triplinervis was recently documented in the French Pharmacopeia. Rapid and efficient tissue culture protocol development is crucial for the high production and biotechnological applications of this plant. In this study, an efficient tissue culture protocol was developed for plant regeneration using nodal explants of A. triplinervis. The nodal explants were treated in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with various individual concentrations of cytokinins (BAP and KIN) and auxins (IAA and IBA). The nodal explant was regenerated in three different steps: (1) initial shoot induction, (2) shoot multiplication and elongation, and (3) rooting. The results revealed that all individual concentrations (10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/L) of BAP or KIN responded to induce shoot initiation. The highest shoot multiplication and elongation were achieved in the MS medium with 20 mg/L BAP and 20 mg/L KIN. The regenerated plantlets produced better roots on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L of each IAA or IBA. The well-established rooted plantlets were maintained in the culture room and greenhouse for better acclimatization and achieved a 100% survival rate. We analyzed the genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. No genetic polymorphisms were observed in vitro plants compared to the mother plants. This efficient protocol could benefit future biotechnological applications like mass multiplication, genetic transformation and gene editing for improving the bioactive molecules in A. triplinervis.
Ayapana triplinervis 是一种广受欢迎的民族药用和观赏植物。由于其药用价值极高，A. triplinervis 最近被收录到《法国药典》中。 快速高效的组织培养方案开发对于该植物的高产和生物技术应用至关重要。 在这项研究中，我们利用三叶金线莲的节状外植体开发了一种高效的植物再生组织培养方案。在添加了不同浓度细胞分裂素（BAP 和 KIN）和辅酶（IAA 和 IBA）的 Murashige 和 Skoog（MS）培养基中处理节的外植体。节的外植体分三个不同步骤再生：(1)初始芽诱导，(2)芽增殖和伸长，(3)生根。 结果表明，所有浓度（10、20、30 或 40 毫克/升）的 BAP 或 KIN 都能诱导芽的萌发。在含有 20 毫克/升 BAP 和 20 毫克/升 KIN 的 MS 培养基中，芽的繁殖和伸长率最高。在含有 1.0 毫克/升 IAA 或 IBA 的 MS 培养基上，再生小植株生出的根更好。为了更好地适应环境，这些生根良好的小植株被放在培养室和温室中养护，成活率达到了 100%。我们利用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）标记分析了离体再生植株的遗传保真度。与母株相比，离体植株未发现基因多态性。 这种高效的方案将有利于未来的生物技术应用，如大规模繁殖、基因转化和基因编辑，以改进三疣梭子蟹的生物活性分子。
{"title":"Rapid In Vitro Regeneration and Genetic Fidelity Assessment of Regenerated Plants in Ayapana Triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King & H. Robinson: An Ethnomedicinal and Ornamental Herb","authors":"T. P. Krishna, N. M. Krishnakumar, T. Maharajan, S. A. Ceasar","doi":"10.2174/0118740707192866240116112512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707192866240116112512","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Ayapana triplinervis is a popular ethnomedicinal and ornamental plant species. Due to its high medicinal importance, A. triplinervis was recently documented in the French Pharmacopeia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Rapid and efficient tissue culture protocol development is crucial for the high production and biotechnological applications of this plant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, an efficient tissue culture protocol was developed for plant regeneration using nodal explants of A. triplinervis. The nodal explants were treated in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with various individual concentrations of cytokinins (BAP and KIN) and auxins (IAA and IBA). The nodal explant was regenerated in three different steps: (1) initial shoot induction, (2) shoot multiplication and elongation, and (3) rooting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results revealed that all individual concentrations (10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/L) of BAP or KIN responded to induce shoot initiation. The highest shoot multiplication and elongation were achieved in the MS medium with 20 mg/L BAP and 20 mg/L KIN. The regenerated plantlets produced better roots on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L of each IAA or IBA. The well-established rooted plantlets were maintained in the culture room and greenhouse for better acclimatization and achieved a 100% survival rate. We analyzed the genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. No genetic polymorphisms were observed in vitro plants compared to the mother plants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This efficient protocol could benefit future biotechnological applications like mass multiplication, genetic transformation and gene editing for improving the bioactive molecules in A. triplinervis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140500737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.2174/0118740707277154240108062155
Tri Yudani Mardining Raras, Nabila Rahmadani, M. Z. Arthamin, Muhammad Rizki
Identifying tuberculosis (TB) in pediatric cases is a major challenge in developing countries, as children have problems with expelling sputum, making specific diagnostics crucial. The objective of the study was to develop a rapid test using polyclonal antibodies to detect antigen 38kDa from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the saliva of TB patients. The recombinant protein Ag38 was purified using the Ni-NTA purification kit. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in BALB-c mice using 50 µg/ml of purified Ag38 recombinant protein. A Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) was constructed, employing 5 mg/mL colloidal gold-labelled polyclonal antibody anti-Ag38 in the test line to capture the conjugates, while goat anti-mouse IgG was used in the control line. The LFA was tested in 5 TB patients and 7 healthy person served as negative control . The recombinant protein achieved 95% purity. The rapid test kit, with a detection limit of 5.3 µg/mL, successfully identified Ag38 protein in TB patient saliva (positive control) and not in healthy human serum (negative control). While reproducibility was confirmed for TB patients, results were inconsistent for healthy individuals. The Lateral Flow Assay using polyclonal antibody Ag38 displays promise in detecting M tuberculosis antigen in the saliva of TB patients. Further validation with more TB patient saliva samples is needed to determine LFA sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"Preliminary Test of Candidate Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Detection of 38 kDa Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigen in Saliva","authors":"Tri Yudani Mardining Raras, Nabila Rahmadani, M. Z. Arthamin, Muhammad Rizki","doi":"10.2174/0118740707277154240108062155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707277154240108062155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Identifying tuberculosis (TB) in pediatric cases is a major challenge in developing countries, as children have problems with expelling sputum, making specific diagnostics crucial. The objective of the study was to develop a rapid test using polyclonal antibodies to detect antigen 38kDa from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the saliva of TB patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The recombinant protein Ag38 was purified using the Ni-NTA purification kit. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in BALB-c mice using 50 µg/ml of purified Ag38 recombinant protein. A Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) was constructed, employing 5 mg/mL colloidal gold-labelled polyclonal antibody anti-Ag38 in the test line to capture the conjugates, while goat anti-mouse IgG was used in the control line. The LFA was tested in 5 TB patients and 7 healthy person served as negative control .\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The recombinant protein achieved 95% purity. The rapid test kit, with a detection limit of 5.3 µg/mL, successfully identified Ag38 protein in TB patient saliva (positive control) and not in healthy human serum (negative control). While reproducibility was confirmed for TB patients, results were inconsistent for healthy individuals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Lateral Flow Assay using polyclonal antibody Ag38 displays promise in detecting M tuberculosis antigen in the saliva of TB patients. Further validation with more TB patient saliva samples is needed to determine LFA sensitivity and specificity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.2174/0118740707270318231123100233
Muzaffar Muminov, Khusnora Ermatova, Khonsuluv Sohibnazarova, D. Dalimova, S. Turdikulova
The high production cost and difficulty of functional expression of brazzein are the limiting factors, making the development of inexpensive, scalable technologies critical for their successful implementation in the market. Secretory expression allows functional expression of the S-S bond-rich proteins and facilitates the purification procedure, resulting in lower processing costs. However, extensive screening and optimization of multiple signal peptides are required to ensure the successful secretion of recombinant proteins. We studied the expression of the minor type of brazzein using 21 different signal peptides in Escherichia coli and investigated their ability to direct the target protein into periplasmic space and culture medium. The synthetic genes were cloned into the pSEVA234 vector under the inducible Trc promoter and initial micro-scale expression analysis was conducted at two distinct conditions followed by scale-up and purification of the selected signal peptides with secretive abilities. Two signal peptides led to the secretion of the target protein. The yields of the target protein for MalE_Brazzein and HstI_Brazzein in the periplasm were 11.33 mg/L and 52.33 mg/L, and those in the culture media were 3.975 mg/L and 7.73 mg/L, respectively. This study will provide insights into the identification of optimal signal peptides for secretive brazzein expression in E.coli and demonstrate that the abovementioned two signal peptides can be used for successful extracellular production of the target protein in this host.
{"title":"Signal Peptide Selection for the Efficient Periplasmic and Secretive Expression of Recombinant Brazzein in Escherichia Coli","authors":"Muzaffar Muminov, Khusnora Ermatova, Khonsuluv Sohibnazarova, D. Dalimova, S. Turdikulova","doi":"10.2174/0118740707270318231123100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707270318231123100233","url":null,"abstract":"The high production cost and difficulty of functional expression of brazzein are the limiting factors, making the development of inexpensive, scalable technologies critical for their successful implementation in the market. Secretory expression allows functional expression of the S-S bond-rich proteins and facilitates the purification procedure, resulting in lower processing costs. However, extensive screening and optimization of multiple signal peptides are required to ensure the successful secretion of recombinant proteins. We studied the expression of the minor type of brazzein using 21 different signal peptides in Escherichia coli and investigated their ability to direct the target protein into periplasmic space and culture medium. The synthetic genes were cloned into the pSEVA234 vector under the inducible Trc promoter and initial micro-scale expression analysis was conducted at two distinct conditions followed by scale-up and purification of the selected signal peptides with secretive abilities. Two signal peptides led to the secretion of the target protein. The yields of the target protein for MalE_Brazzein and HstI_Brazzein in the periplasm were 11.33 mg/L and 52.33 mg/L, and those in the culture media were 3.975 mg/L and 7.73 mg/L, respectively. This study will provide insights into the identification of optimal signal peptides for secretive brazzein expression in E.coli and demonstrate that the abovementioned two signal peptides can be used for successful extracellular production of the target protein in this host.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.2174/0118740707275541230927071454
Sarah Albogami
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated levels of air pollutants are associated with various adverse health effects, including infertility. Objective: We aimed to assess the protective effects of aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract against benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative damage in mouse testis. Methods: Mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene were treated with or without aqueous Urtica dioica extract for five weeks, and changes in body and testes weights, messenger RNA levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes, plasma testosterone levels, sperm characteristics, and testicular tissue histology were determined. Results: Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene remarkably reduced testis and body weights, the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased plasma testosterone levels and sperm count and motility, affected sperm morphology and viability, and damaged the seminiferous tubules. Treatment with aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract attenuated benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative stress in the testicular tissue by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. Further, Urtica dioica leaf extract reduced lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidative enzyme activity, enhanced sperm characteristics, increased plasma testosterone levels, and improved the morphology of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: Aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract protects testicular tissue from benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative damage and could potentially reverse benzo[a]pyrene -induced infertility.
{"title":"Urtica Dioica Leaf Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by Environment Pollutant Benzo[a] Pyrene in Mouse Testicular Tissues","authors":"Sarah Albogami","doi":"10.2174/0118740707275541230927071454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118740707275541230927071454","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated levels of air pollutants are associated with various adverse health effects, including infertility. Objective: We aimed to assess the protective effects of aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract against benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative damage in mouse testis. Methods: Mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene were treated with or without aqueous Urtica dioica extract for five weeks, and changes in body and testes weights, messenger RNA levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes, plasma testosterone levels, sperm characteristics, and testicular tissue histology were determined. Results: Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene remarkably reduced testis and body weights, the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased plasma testosterone levels and sperm count and motility, affected sperm morphology and viability, and damaged the seminiferous tubules. Treatment with aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract attenuated benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative stress in the testicular tissue by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. Further, Urtica dioica leaf extract reduced lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidative enzyme activity, enhanced sperm characteristics, increased plasma testosterone levels, and improved the morphology of the seminiferous tubules. Conclusion: Aqueous Urtica dioica leaf extract protects testicular tissue from benzo[a]pyrene -induced oxidative damage and could potentially reverse benzo[a]pyrene -induced infertility.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.2174/18740707-v17-231023-2023-2
Hasan Nazarizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini, Javad Pourreza
Background: Rice supplies a significant proportion of nutritional needs around the world. The fungal species that cause severe contamination of rice grains have created a major challenge to ensuring food safety. Methods: Thus, This study adopts an appropriate local method using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A in Aspergillus flavus (NRRL strain 2999) and A. acrasus (NRRL strain 7431), receptively. Results: Promising early results suggest that an optimum protocol for the production of mycotoxin includes a temperature of 28°C for 21 d incubation. The average levels of A. flavus and A. acrasus were 625 and 482.67 μg/g, respectively, by comparing the fluorescence with the standard. As a result, a new and rapid method using PDA as a culture medium and TCL was developed to produce mycotoxins in rice from the Persian market. Conclusion: This study provides a novel (optimum) mechanistic approach concerning mycotoxins production from fungal species that could improve quality and ascertain its safety either in the field or in storage.
{"title":"The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Aspergillus Strains Isolated from Rice: Under In vitro Conditions","authors":"Hasan Nazarizadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini, Javad Pourreza","doi":"10.2174/18740707-v17-231023-2023-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18740707-v17-231023-2023-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice supplies a significant proportion of nutritional needs around the world. The fungal species that cause severe contamination of rice grains have created a major challenge to ensuring food safety. Methods: Thus, This study adopts an appropriate local method using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A in Aspergillus flavus (NRRL strain 2999) and A. acrasus (NRRL strain 7431), receptively. Results: Promising early results suggest that an optimum protocol for the production of mycotoxin includes a temperature of 28°C for 21 d incubation. The average levels of A. flavus and A. acrasus were 625 and 482.67 μg/g, respectively, by comparing the fluorescence with the standard. As a result, a new and rapid method using PDA as a culture medium and TCL was developed to produce mycotoxins in rice from the Persian market. Conclusion: This study provides a novel (optimum) mechanistic approach concerning mycotoxins production from fungal species that could improve quality and ascertain its safety either in the field or in storage.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.2174/18740707-v17-230810-2023-11
A. Zermeño-González, A. Escalante-Pérez, J. A. Gil-Marín, H. Ramírez-Rodríguez, M. Cadena-Zapata, A.I. Melendres-Alvarez, J. Méndez-González
Background: Adult pecan trees require a significant water supply for high yields and nut quality. Pecan nut orchards are established in semi-arid regions where water is the primary limiting resource for agriculture. Therefore, in these regions, improving water use efficiency is essential. Objective: Evaluate the water use efficiency of a pecan tree orchard based on the comparison of irrigation scheduling with the evapotranspiration rate data. Methods: The study was conducted in a pecan nut ( Carya illinoinensis ) orchard of 7.2 ha with 7-year-old Western and Wichita cv tress. The volume of water applied to each tree (drip irrigation) was converted to a daily irrigation depth and compared against the daily rate of actual (measured with an Eddy covariance system) and the FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration. Results: Comparing the monthly water depth applied to each tree against the monthly FAO-Penman Monteith ET, surplus or deficit irrigation episodes were detected. Because the canopy trees only covered 18.7% of the orchard area, the daily rate of actual evapotranspiration during the months of the trees growing was very small (1 to 2 mm) compared with the orchards of mature pecan trees. The corresponding monthly crop coefficients (Kc) were also small (0.315 on average). Conclusion: This study showed that by comparing the rate of ETref against the irrigation depth applied to the trees in the irrigation scheduling, it is possible to reveal cases of surplus or deficit of water supplied to a pecan nut orchard.
{"title":"Determination of the Water use Efficiency of a Pecan Nut Orchard based on the Irrigation Scheduling and the Evapotranspiration Rate in Northern Mexico","authors":"A. Zermeño-González, A. Escalante-Pérez, J. A. Gil-Marín, H. Ramírez-Rodríguez, M. Cadena-Zapata, A.I. Melendres-Alvarez, J. Méndez-González","doi":"10.2174/18740707-v17-230810-2023-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18740707-v17-230810-2023-11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adult pecan trees require a significant water supply for high yields and nut quality. Pecan nut orchards are established in semi-arid regions where water is the primary limiting resource for agriculture. Therefore, in these regions, improving water use efficiency is essential. Objective: Evaluate the water use efficiency of a pecan tree orchard based on the comparison of irrigation scheduling with the evapotranspiration rate data. Methods: The study was conducted in a pecan nut ( Carya illinoinensis ) orchard of 7.2 ha with 7-year-old Western and Wichita cv tress. The volume of water applied to each tree (drip irrigation) was converted to a daily irrigation depth and compared against the daily rate of actual (measured with an Eddy covariance system) and the FAO Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration. Results: Comparing the monthly water depth applied to each tree against the monthly FAO-Penman Monteith ET, surplus or deficit irrigation episodes were detected. Because the canopy trees only covered 18.7% of the orchard area, the daily rate of actual evapotranspiration during the months of the trees growing was very small (1 to 2 mm) compared with the orchards of mature pecan trees. The corresponding monthly crop coefficients (Kc) were also small (0.315 on average). Conclusion: This study showed that by comparing the rate of ETref against the irrigation depth applied to the trees in the irrigation scheduling, it is possible to reveal cases of surplus or deficit of water supplied to a pecan nut orchard.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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