Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010059
M. Atanasova, Y. Ivanov, E. Zvereva, A. Zherdev, T. Godjevargova
Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Chloramphenicol-Ovalbumin and Chloramphenicol-Ovalbumin-Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate conjugates were prepared. Penicillin G – ATTO 633 fluorescent conjugate was synthesized. Antibodies against chloramphenicol and penicillin G were immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The competitive fluorescent immunoassay was developed. The optimal concentration of the antibody-magnetic nanoparticles and the fluorescent conjugates for the assay was determined. The calibration curves for the antibiotics in buffer and milk were plotted. Fluorescent immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and penicillin G in milk was developed.
{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Penicillin G and Chloramphenicol in Milk by a Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Immunoassay","authors":"M. Atanasova, Y. Ivanov, E. Zvereva, A. Zherdev, T. Godjevargova","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010059","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Chloramphenicol-Ovalbumin and Chloramphenicol-Ovalbumin-Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate conjugates were prepared. Penicillin G – ATTO 633 fluorescent conjugate was synthesized. Antibodies against chloramphenicol and penicillin G were immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The competitive fluorescent immunoassay was developed. The optimal concentration of the antibody-magnetic nanoparticles and the fluorescent conjugates for the assay was determined. The calibration curves for the antibiotics in buffer and milk were plotted. Fluorescent immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and penicillin G in milk was developed.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115670002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010078
Miluska Cisneros‐Yupanqui, A. Lante
Tea (Camelia sinensis L.) is one of the main beverages known and consumed all around the world. Quality of tea is not only linked to the raw material but also to the processing steps that influence on the biochemical and sensory characteristics of each type of tea. This overview is focused on the differences in the production and composition of the main types of teas present in the market, highlighting not only their chemical and sensory characteristics, but also the importance of this plant from the food science viewpoint related to its several applications.
{"title":"Tea from the Food Science Perspective: An Overview","authors":"Miluska Cisneros‐Yupanqui, A. Lante","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010078","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camelia sinensis L.) is one of the main beverages known and consumed all around the world. Quality of tea is not only linked to the raw material but also to the processing steps that influence on the biochemical and sensory characteristics of each type of tea. This overview is focused on the differences in the production and composition of the main types of teas present in the market, highlighting not only their chemical and sensory characteristics, but also the importance of this plant from the food science viewpoint related to its several applications.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114831480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The voltage measurements for the onion-based cell showed an upward trend that reaches a peak of 1.01 volts on the last day. Moreover, the greatest current generation was observed in onion cells, in which the current gradually increases from 10.2 to 24.7 mA on the last day. On the other hand, in all substrates, pH ranged from 7.5 and 10, which indicates the slightly alkaline behavior of the solutions.
{"title":"Agricultural Wastes For Electricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells","authors":"Segundo Jonathan Rojas Flores, Renny Nazario Naveda, Evelyn Paredes, Jessica Alza Orbegoso, Tiffany Cruz Céspedes, Angie Rodríguez Salvatierra, Milagros Sánchez Rodríguez","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010052","url":null,"abstract":"The voltage measurements for the onion-based cell showed an upward trend that reaches a peak of 1.01 volts on the last day. Moreover, the greatest current generation was observed in onion cells, in which the current gradually increases from 10.2 to 24.7 mA on the last day. On the other hand, in all substrates, pH ranged from 7.5 and 10, which indicates the slightly alkaline behavior of the solutions.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125300923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010042
Mai H. Elmahdy, A. Azmy, E. El-Gebaly, Amal E. Saafan, Yasser Gaber
Cellulose, the major component of the plant cell wall, is the most abundant and cheap polymer on earth. It can be used by varieties of cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulases can hydrolyze cellulose to its glucose monomers, which can be fermented to many biotechnological products, such as biochemicals, bioplastics, and biofuels. Actinomycetes are potential sources of cellulases. The current study sheds light on the cellulolytic activity of Thermobifida cellulosilytica, a previously isolated thermophilic actinomycete, and the analysis of the lignocellulases produced in the secretome as a result of induction by different carbon sources. The cellulolytic activity was qualitatively confirmed by Congo red method showing a large halo zone around the colonies. The activity was also assayed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The secretome analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) based proteomic approach. The cellulolytic activity increased by two folds upon the growth of T. cellulosilytica on rice straw (RS) as a complex substrate comparatively to Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a simple one. These results were highly assured by LC-MS/MS. Where more proteins (n=31) were produced in the RS secretome, CMC produced only six proteins, including only one cellulase. Different classes of proteins produced in the RS secretome were cellulases (26%), hemicellulases (16%), proteases (10%), and others (48%). Lignocellulases are inducible enzymes. RS as a complex substrate induced T. cellulosilytica for the expression of more lignocellulolytic enzymes than CMC.
{"title":"A Comparative Proteomic Study of Thermobifida Cellulosilytica TB100T Secretome Grown on Carboxymethylcellulose and Rice Straw","authors":"Mai H. Elmahdy, A. Azmy, E. El-Gebaly, Amal E. Saafan, Yasser Gaber","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Cellulose, the major component of the plant cell wall, is the most abundant and cheap polymer on earth. It can be used by varieties of cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulases can hydrolyze cellulose to its glucose monomers, which can be fermented to many biotechnological products, such as biochemicals, bioplastics, and biofuels. Actinomycetes are potential sources of cellulases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current study sheds light on the cellulolytic activity of Thermobifida cellulosilytica, a previously isolated thermophilic actinomycete, and the analysis of the lignocellulases produced in the secretome as a result of induction by different carbon sources.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cellulolytic activity was qualitatively confirmed by Congo red method showing a large halo zone around the colonies. The activity was also assayed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The secretome analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) based proteomic approach.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cellulolytic activity increased by two folds upon the growth of T. cellulosilytica on rice straw (RS) as a complex substrate comparatively to Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a simple one. These results were highly assured by LC-MS/MS. Where more proteins (n=31) were produced in the RS secretome, CMC produced only six proteins, including only one cellulase. Different classes of proteins produced in the RS secretome were cellulases (26%), hemicellulases (16%), proteases (10%), and others (48%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Lignocellulases are inducible enzymes. RS as a complex substrate induced T. cellulosilytica for the expression of more lignocellulolytic enzymes than CMC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115219711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010032
R. G. Bastos, H. Ribeiro
Solid-State Cultivation (SSC) may be defined as the microbial growth on solid supports in conditions of the absence of free water, i.e., similar to the occurrence of fungi found in nature [1]. This process has been highlighted in chemical, food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries as it requires little power, produces low-waste and reuses industrial residues as substrates having advantages when compared to submerged fermentation as it produces more concentrated product and higher yield in some metabolites [2]. Among the many microorganisms that can be grown from solid supports, those distinguished by filamentous fungi have the best ability to grow in these conditions due to their physiological and biochemical characteristics [3]. After phycomycetes (Mucor
固态培养(solid - state Cultivation, SSC)可以定义为微生物在没有自由水的条件下在固体载体上的生长，即类似于自然界中真菌的生长[1]。该工艺在化工、食品、制药和农业等行业中得到了突出的应用，因为它需要的电力少，产生的废物少，并且可以将工业残留物作为底物再利用，与深层发酵相比，它具有更浓缩的产品和更高的代谢物产量[2]。在许多可以在固体载体上生长的微生物中，以丝状真菌为代表的微生物由于其生理生化特性，在这些条件下的生长能力最好[3]。源自植菌(毛霉菌)
{"title":"Citric Acid Production by the Solid-State Cultivation Consortium of Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma Reesei from Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"R. G. Bastos, H. Ribeiro","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010032","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-State Cultivation (SSC) may be defined as the microbial growth on solid supports in conditions of the absence of free water, i.e., similar to the occurrence of fungi found in nature [1]. This process has been highlighted in chemical, food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries as it requires little power, produces low-waste and reuses industrial residues as substrates having advantages when compared to submerged fermentation as it produces more concentrated product and higher yield in some metabolites [2]. Among the many microorganisms that can be grown from solid supports, those distinguished by filamentous fungi have the best ability to grow in these conditions due to their physiological and biochemical characteristics [3]. After phycomycetes (Mucor","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010023
Sarah M. Albogami
Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly upregulated in GSE-treated mice, compared to those in untreated controls. In contrast, Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.05), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly downregulated in acrylamide-treated mice compared to those in untreated controls. Results of the treatment with GSE before exposure to acrylamide or simultaneously with acrylamide indicated that GSE restored Gpx1, Prdx3, SOD1, and CAT expression to similar levels as those in the control group. GSE treatment after exposure to acrylamide did not exert any neuroprotective effects against acrylamide, as revealed by significant downregulation of Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Animals treated with grape seed before acrylamide treatment showed no significant change in LPO activities and a significant increase in GSH levels, compared to those in untreated controls.
{"title":"Upregulation of Antioxidant Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activity Against Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice after Grape Seed Extract Treatment","authors":"Sarah M. Albogami","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010023","url":null,"abstract":"Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly upregulated in GSE-treated mice, compared to those in untreated controls. In contrast, Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.05), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly downregulated in acrylamide-treated mice compared to those in untreated controls. Results of the treatment with GSE before exposure to acrylamide or simultaneously with acrylamide indicated that GSE restored Gpx1, Prdx3, SOD1, and CAT expression to similar levels as those in the control group. GSE treatment after exposure to acrylamide did not exert any neuroprotective effects against acrylamide, as revealed by significant downregulation of Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Animals treated with grape seed before acrylamide treatment showed no significant change in LPO activities and a significant increase in GSH levels, compared to those in untreated controls.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010012
Getachew Amare, W. Mohammed, T. Tana
The highest seed yield per hectare (879.4 kg) and per plot (663.6 g) was obtained from 115 P2O5 & 114 N kg ha -1 fertilizers and plant spacing 10×30cm gives the highest seed yield per plot (561.7g) and per hectare (748.9 kg). The highest germination percentage was obtained by the interaction effect of 10×30 cm and 143.6 P2O5 & 142.5 N kg ha . Whereas, highest seed vigor index I and II were obtained from the interaction of 115 P2O5 &114 N kg ha -1 and 20×30×50 cm spacing.
每公顷(879.4公斤)和每地块(663.6克)的最高种子产量来自于115 P2O5和114 N kg ha -1肥料和种植间距10×30cm，每地块(561.7克)和每公顷(748.9公斤)的最高种子产量。以10×30 cm与143.6 P2O5和142.5 N kg ha交互作用的发芽率最高。而种子活力指数I和II在115 P2O5和114 N kg ha -1和20×30×50 cm间距交互作用下最高。
{"title":"Effect of Plant Spacing and Np Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Seed Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Shewa Robit, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Getachew Amare, W. Mohammed, T. Tana","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010012","url":null,"abstract":"The highest seed yield per hectare (879.4 kg) and per plot (663.6 g) was obtained from 115 P2O5 & 114 N kg ha -1 fertilizers and plant spacing 10×30cm gives the highest seed yield per plot (561.7g) and per hectare (748.9 kg). The highest germination percentage was obtained by the interaction effect of 10×30 cm and 143.6 P2O5 & 142.5 N kg ha . Whereas, highest seed vigor index I and II were obtained from the interaction of 115 P2O5 &114 N kg ha -1 and 20×30×50 cm spacing.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114264731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-12DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010001
Nicolás Hedin, Julieta Barchiesi, D. Gomez-Casati, M. V. Busi
Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules on earth; each year photosynthesis fixes approximately 100 billion tons of CO2 and H2O into cellulose, starch, sucrose and other sugars. Starch is one of the most important sources of energy in the human diet. It is composed of two polymers, amylose (essentially an α-1,4-glucan chain) and amylopectin (similar to amylose but branched with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds) whose combination gives rise to a highly insoluble starch granule [1, 2]. Amylo-
{"title":"Functional and Structural Characterization of a Novel Isoamylase from Ostreococcus tauri and Role of the N-Terminal Domain","authors":"Nicolás Hedin, Julieta Barchiesi, D. Gomez-Casati, M. V. Busi","doi":"10.2174/1874070702014010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010001","url":null,"abstract":"Carbohydrates are the most abundant molecules on earth; each year photosynthesis fixes approximately 100 billion tons of CO2 and H2O into cellulose, starch, sucrose and other sugars. Starch is one of the most important sources of energy in the human diet. It is composed of two polymers, amylose (essentially an α-1,4-glucan chain) and amylopectin (similar to amylose but branched with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds) whose combination gives rise to a highly insoluble starch granule [1, 2]. Amylo-","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129276642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.2174/1874070702115010001
Mulu Teshale, Negasi Tekeste
Background: Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. Many factors affect the productivity of the crop in the country, however poor agronomic practices, especially the use of low-yielding varieties and inappropriate spacing, are the major ones.
{"title":"Growth and Yield Response of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) to Intra-row Spacing and Variety at Selekeleka, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Mulu Teshale, Negasi Tekeste","doi":"10.2174/1874070702115010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702115010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. Many factors affect the productivity of the crop in the country, however poor agronomic practices, especially the use of low-yielding varieties and inappropriate spacing, are the major ones.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131863928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.2174/1874070701913010173
V. E. Hillary, S. Ceasar
Recent developments in targeted genome editing accelerated genetic research and opened new potentials to improve the crops for better yields and quality. Genome editing techniques like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) have been accustomed to target any gene of interest. However, these systems have some drawbacks as they are very expensive and time consuming with labor-intensive protein construction protocol. A new era of genome editing technology has a user-friendly tool which is termed as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein9 (Cas9), is an RNA based genome editing system involving a simple and cost-effective design of constructs. CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied in diverse crops for various genome editing approaches. In this review, we highlight the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cereal crops including rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum to improve these crops for better yield and quality. Since cereal crops supply a major source of food to world populations, their improvement using recent genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 is timely and crucial. The genome editing of cereal crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 system would help to overcome the adverse effects of agriculture and may aid in conserving food security in developing countries.
{"title":"Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System in Cereal Crops","authors":"V. E. Hillary, S. Ceasar","doi":"10.2174/1874070701913010173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070701913010173","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in targeted genome editing accelerated genetic research and opened new potentials to improve the crops for better yields and quality. Genome editing techniques like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) have been accustomed to target any gene of interest. However, these systems have some drawbacks as they are very expensive and time consuming with labor-intensive protein construction protocol. A new era of genome editing technology has a user-friendly tool which is termed as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein9 (Cas9), is an RNA based genome editing system involving a simple and cost-effective design of constructs. CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied in diverse crops for various genome editing approaches. In this review, we highlight the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cereal crops including rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum to improve these crops for better yield and quality. Since cereal crops supply a major source of food to world populations, their improvement using recent genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 is timely and crucial. The genome editing of cereal crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 system would help to overcome the adverse effects of agriculture and may aid in conserving food security in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":296126,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biotechnology Journal","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132824684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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