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Influence of measurement antenna scattering on the radiated electromagnetic field 测量天线散射对辐射电磁场的影响
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561415
S. Oing, H. John
The prediction of the radiated electromagnetic field from printed circuit boards and/or parts of electronic systems is dealt with by more and more publications. Numerical techniques such as the method of moments are used to solve highly complex mathematical expressions. The article shows that for simple structures a good compliance with measurement results can be achieved. However, one has to be aware of mismatches of about 20 dB /spl mu/V/m in the specific frequency band, which seems to be caused by incorrect models used in the chosen analysis technique. One possible reason for these mismatches is analysed. The theoretical background is described and illustrated by real benchmarks. The first assumption for the reason of these mismatches is often the inaccuracy of modelling the digital and/or analog devices, but only small changes occur after modifying them. Moreover, it can be stated that in the case of fully theoretical examples, which could be solved for analytically, the compliance between the numerical and analytical solution is nearly perfect. Therefore, we conclude that the measurement environment causes the mismatches.
印制电路板和/或电子系统部件辐射电磁场的预测已被越来越多的出版物所讨论。数值技术如矩量法被用来求解高度复杂的数学表达式。文章表明,对于简单的结构,可以获得与测量结果很好的符合性。然而,人们必须意识到在特定频段中约有20 dB /spl mu/V/m的不匹配,这似乎是由所选择的分析技术中使用的不正确模型引起的。分析了这些不匹配的一个可能原因。理论背景的描述和实际的基准说明。对这些不匹配原因的第一个假设通常是数字和/或模拟设备建模的不准确性,但在修改它们之后只会发生很小的变化。此外,可以这样说,在完全理论的情况下,可以解析求解,数值解与解析解之间的顺应性几乎是完美的。因此,我们得出结论,测量环境导致了不匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Mode suppression in TEM cells TEM细胞的模式抑制
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561197
R. Lorch, G. Monich
TEM cells are cost efficient and well defined EMC measuring devices. But their bandwidth is limited due to resonances. This article describes methods of mode suppression, especially a new type of absorber-wall absorbers. For the first time to our knowledge it is shown that also already existing cells can be upgraded by simple modification up to the double bandwidth.
TEM电池是一种具有成本效益和良好定义的电磁兼容测量设备。但由于共振,它们的带宽有限。本文介绍了抑制模态的方法,特别是一种新型的吸波-壁吸波器。据我们所知,这是第一次表明,已经存在的单元也可以通过简单的修改升级到两倍的带宽。
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引用次数: 12
A matrix surface impedance formulation for the analysis of EM-interactions to finite laminated composite slabs 有限层合复合材料板电磁相互作用分析的矩阵表面阻抗公式
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561222
M. S. Sarto
This paper proposes a surface impedance boundary condition formulation for the analysis of electromagnetic interactions to laminated composite structures realized in carbon fiber or graphite/epoxy. The transmission matrix of a multilayer composite panel, relating the tangential components of the electric and magetic fields at the input and output planes, is deduced by considering also the anisotropy of the material. Therefore, the obtained surface impedance of the composite slab is expressed in matrix form. The proposed formulation is implemented in a finite-difference scheme. Applications are carried out in order to investigate the influence of different parameters, such as panel composition and fiber orientation.
本文提出了一种表面阻抗边界条件公式,用于分析碳纤维或石墨/环氧树脂层合复合材料结构的电磁相互作用。考虑材料的各向异性,推导了多层复合材料面板在输入和输出平面上电场和磁场切向分量的传输矩阵。因此,得到的复合板表面阻抗以矩阵形式表示。该公式采用有限差分格式实现。为了研究不同参数,如面板成分和纤维取向的影响,进行了应用。
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引用次数: 12
Coupling of inhomogeneous fields into cables over discretized metallic ground planes of finite extent 有限范围离散金属接地面上非均匀场对电缆的耦合
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561247
H. Bruns, H. Singer, F. Schlagenhaufer
The numerical computation of field-excited currents on lines (cables) and the corresponding voltages at the terminating impedances is an important task in the area of EMC. If such lines are situated close to transmitting antennas or near metallic structures the inhomogeneity of the exciting field has to be considered carefully. Computing the coupling-in process, it is generally not possible to simply assume plane wave conditions. From well-known reasons cables should be fixed very close to metallic walls and structure parts respectively in order to keep their effective height as small as possible. In numerical models this leads to the requirement that surface areas underneath each line must be subdivided into very small patches, at least perpendicular to the line direction. From computational, physical, and CAD reasons it appears not to be practicable to include lines into the overall mutual electromagnetic interaction process in a numerical model, for example setting up the system matrix in a method of moment (MoM) simulation. It is shown that physically reliable results can be achieved if the output of a MoM field computation is combined with the transmission line (TL) method in a suitable manner.
线(电缆)上的场激励电流及其端阻抗处电压的数值计算是电磁兼容领域的一项重要工作。如果这些线靠近发射天线或靠近金属结构,则必须仔细考虑激发场的非均匀性。在计算耦合过程时,一般不能简单地假设平面波条件。由于众所周知的原因,电缆应分别非常靠近金属墙和结构部件,以保持其有效高度尽可能小。在数值模型中,这导致要求每条线下面的表面区域必须被细分成非常小的块,至少垂直于线的方向。从计算、物理和CAD的原因来看,在数值模型中包括线到整体相互电磁相互作用过程似乎是不可行的,例如在矩量(MoM)模拟方法中建立系统矩阵。结果表明,如果以适当的方式将MoM场计算的输出与传输线(TL)方法相结合,可以获得物理上可靠的结果。
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引用次数: 6
Susceptibility modeling analysis of parasitics in unshielded products with long wires attached 无屏蔽长导线产品中寄生虫的敏感性建模分析
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561413
B. Archambrault, H. Berger
Numerical modeling of EMI/EMC problems has become more popular over the past few years, due to the commercial availability of modeling software and the drive to reduce product development cycle times. This paper introduces a technique for using applying numeric modeling to immunity problems. Modeling can be used to simulate the effects of radiated immunity as well as radiated emissions. Second, models eliminate the 'try-it-and-see' approach to immunity problems of guessing at the source of an immunity mechanism and experimentally trying many possible solutions until an effective remedy is found. With modeling, solutions are not considered until the central mechanism of the problem is adequately understood. Once an adequate model is developed inspection of the RF current flows at the frequencies of primary interest is particularly instructive in this regard. Then using well known electromagnetic effects (such as reciprocity), modeling can be made much simpler, and effectively extend the usefulness of existing modeling tools.
在过去几年中,由于建模软件的商业可用性和缩短产品开发周期的驱动,EMI/EMC问题的数值建模变得越来越流行。本文介绍了一种将数值模拟应用于免疫问题的技术。建模可以用来模拟辐射抗扰度和辐射发射的影响。其次,模型消除了对免疫问题的“试一试”方法,即猜测免疫机制的来源,并实验性地尝试许多可能的解决方案,直到找到有效的补救办法。通过建模,在充分理解问题的中心机制之前不会考虑解决方案。一旦建立了适当的模型,在主要感兴趣的频率上检查射频电流流动在这方面特别有指导意义。然后使用众所周知的电磁效应(如互易性),可以使建模变得更简单,并有效地扩展现有建模工具的有用性。
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引用次数: 2
Calculations and measurements of fast EM pulses in the GTEM cell 快速电磁脉冲在瞬变电磁炉中的计算和测量
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561200
W. Radasky, K.S. Smith, D. Hansen, D. Ristau
The Gigahertz TEM (GTEM) cell has seen wide use in the world, especially as a continuous wave emissions and immunity test device. We explore the ability of the GTEM 1750 to be used as a pulse immunity test facility. Three dimensional EM calculations and measurements are provided for a fast rising pulse to examine the behavior of propagating fields in the test volume in terms of the pulse rise and width times, the peak field values and the TEM characteristics.
千兆赫透射电镜(GTEM)电池在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用,特别是作为连续波发射和抗扰度测试设备。我们探索了GTEM 1750作为脉冲抗扰度测试设备的能力。为快速上升脉冲提供了三维电磁计算和测量,以检查测试体中传播场在脉冲上升和宽度时间,峰值场值和TEM特性方面的行为。
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引用次数: 14
Radiated emissions testing of an experimental electric vehicle 实验电动汽车的辐射排放测试
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561254
H. Gaul, T. Huettl, C. Powers
This paper describes the implementation and difficulties encountered when measuring the radiated emissions of an experimental electric vehicle. The radiated tests were performed in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J551/5. This standard specifically addresses the testing of electric vehicles for broadband radiated emissions. The experimental electric vehicle platform uses an electric converted 1993 Dodge Dakota pickup truck. The vehicle is powered by a Motorola designed AC controller which converts the DC power from twenty-four 12 VDC deep cycle lead acid batteries to three phase AC power. This vehicle is utilized as a semiconductor evaluation test vehicle with a particular emphasis on evaluating the performance of microprocessors in a harsh automotive environment. EMC tests were conducted which included radiated magnetic field and radiated electric field emissions from 9 kHz to 30 MHz. Additional tests were performed on the SAE J1850 multiplex communication bus to measure the induced voltage transients. The test results presented in this paper are for an experimental electric vehicle which has minimal EMC design features and are not to be construed as representative of commercially available electric vehicles.
本文介绍了实验电动汽车辐射排放测量的实现和遇到的困难。辐射试验按照汽车工程师协会(SAE)标准J551/5进行。本标准专门针对电动汽车宽带辐射排放的测试。实验电动汽车平台使用的是一辆1993年改装的道奇达科他皮卡。该车由摩托罗拉设计的交流控制器供电,该控制器将24节12伏直流电深循环铅酸电池的直流电源转换为三相交流电源。这辆车被用作半导体评估测试车,特别强调在恶劣的汽车环境中评估微处理器的性能。进行了电磁兼容测试,包括9 kHz至30 MHz的辐射磁场和辐射电场发射。在SAE J1850多路通信总线上进行了附加测试,以测量感应电压瞬变。本文中提供的测试结果是针对具有最小EMC设计特征的实验性电动汽车,不应被解释为商用电动汽车的代表。
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引用次数: 4
A TEM-cell based method for radiative susceptibility characterization of low-power microcontrollers 基于tem细胞的低功耗微控制器辐射敏感性表征方法
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561205
A. Engel, H. Astrain, J. Cagle, S. Ledford, M. Mahalingam
The recent explosion in the portable electronics market combined with an increasingly hostile electromagnetic environment have intensified the need to include EM susceptibility design and test methods in applicable low-power ICs. This work presents and applies a TEM-cell based method of testing two key aspects-quiescent current and memory integrity-of the radiative susceptibility of low-power microcontrollers. The units were exposed to radiated EM fields of 20 to 1000 V/m at various frequencies from 0.1 to 1000 MHz. Significant changes in quiescent current occurred only at field values above 70 V/m, which is a much larger ambient field than the microcontroller is expected to experience when used in personal portable electronics products. RAM was changed only after illumination by fields of greater than 275 V/m.
最近便携式电子市场的爆炸式增长,加上日益恶劣的电磁环境,增加了在适用的低功耗集成电路中包含电磁敏感性设计和测试方法的需求。这项工作提出并应用了一种基于tem细胞的方法来测试低功耗微控制器的辐射敏感性的两个关键方面-静态电流和内存完整性。这些装置在0.1至1000 MHz的不同频率下暴露于20至1000 V/m的辐射电磁场中。静态电流的显著变化只发生在电场值高于70 V/m时,这是一个比微控制器在个人便携式电子产品中使用时预期经历的大得多的环境场。RAM仅在大于275 V/m的电场照射后才发生变化。
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引用次数: 7
A large "flat biconical" antenna for LLSC aircraft-illumination in the HF band 一种大型“平面双锥”天线,用于高频波段的LLSC飞机照明
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561414
E. Joffe
In previous papers, an analysis of the coupling of external high frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves to aircraft wiring was presented, and a methodology for measurement of aircraft shielding effectiveness in the HF band using the low level swept coupling (LLSC) method was presented. The effectiveness of this test method is primarily determined by the field generation capability of the test set-up. In this paper, a "flat biconical" illuminator, constructed for these tests, is described. The illuminator is basically constructed of two sections, each formed in the shape of a triangle, somewhat resembling the profile of a biconical antenna. The dimensions of the illuminator, scaled to the HF band, were selected such that it is closely "tuned" to 10 MHz. This configuration was expected to provide sufficient bandwidth to the illuminator, ensuring little incident E-field variation over the entire test frequency range. The radiation characteristics of the illuminator as well as a comparison between its measured and computed characteristics are presented. From the data provided, it may be concluded that the proposed illuminator is a cost-effective, easy to construct and efficient illuminator for the HF band, for the purpose of LLSC assessment.
在以前的文章中,分析了外部高频(HF)电磁波与飞机布线的耦合,并提出了一种使用低电平扫频耦合(LLSC)方法测量飞机高频屏蔽效能的方法。这种测试方法的有效性主要取决于测试装置的场生成能力。在本文中,描述了一个“平面双锥”照明器,为这些测试,构造。照明器基本上由两个部分组成,每个部分形成三角形的形状,有点像双锥天线的轮廓。照明器的尺寸,缩放到高频波段,被选中,使其紧密“调谐”到10兆赫兹。这种配置可以为照明器提供足够的带宽,确保在整个测试频率范围内入射e场变化很小。给出了照明器的辐射特性,并对其实测特性和计算特性进行了比较。从所提供的数据可以得出结论,所提出的照明器是一种成本效益高,易于构建且高效的高频照明器,用于LLSC评估。
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引用次数: 1
Using spreadsheet programs on personal computers for electromagnetic coupling calculations 在个人电脑上使用电子表格程序进行电磁耦合计算
Pub Date : 1992-09-21 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561227
L. Hoeft
Procedures have been developed for using spreadsheet programs on personal computers for performing electromagnetic coupling calculations. These procedures allows the EMC engineer to quickly analyze reasonably complex coupling problems. The spreadsheet computational technique emphasizes how electromagnetic energy flows from the source or culprit to the receiver or victim. Each step in the computational process is represented by a relatively simple, easily understood coupling model. This technique frees the EMC engineer from computational housekeeping and allows attention to be focused on the physics of the situation.
程序已经开发使用电子表格程序在个人计算机上进行电磁耦合计算。通过这些步骤,EMC工程师可以快速分析比较复杂的耦合问题。电子表格计算技术强调电磁能量如何从源头或罪魁祸首流向接受者或受害者。计算过程中的每一步都用一个相对简单、易于理解的耦合模型来表示。这种技术将EMC工程师从计算家务中解放出来,并允许将注意力集中在情况的物理特性上。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
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