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Analysis of the effect of ferrite tile gap on EMC chamber having ferrite absorber walls 铁氧体瓦隙对具有铁氧体吸收壁的电磁兼容腔的影响分析
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561220
K. Liu
It has been known that air gaps between ferrite tiles degrade the absorbing performance of the tile absorber wall installation. However, analysis of the effect has not been thoroughly well published. This paper presents two techniques to analyze gaps between ferrite tiles. A simplified magnetic circuit method is introduced to calculate the effective permeability of the tile wall with gaps. Then, a two-dimensional finite element method is used to analyze the same gap model to validate the simplified formula. The air gap formula is then incorporated into characterizing the ferrite tile absorber with or without a dielectric absorber as its matching element. The fully characterized ferrite absorbers can then be used to design EMC chambers. Design examples are, presented to demonstrate the correlation between calculated and measured normalized site attenuations for 10 m/3 m EMC semi-anechoic chambers.
众所周知,铁氧体瓦片之间的气隙降低了瓦片吸收器墙体装置的吸收性能。然而,对这种影响的分析还没有得到充分的发表。本文介绍了两种分析铁氧体瓦间隙的方法。介绍了一种简化的磁路法来计算有空隙的砖瓦墙体的有效磁导率。然后,采用二维有限元法对同一间隙模型进行了分析,验证了简化公式的正确性。然后将气隙公式纳入表征具有或不具有电介质吸收体作为其匹配元件的铁氧体瓦吸收体。充分表征的铁氧体吸收体可用于设计电磁兼容腔。文中给出了设计实例,以证明10 m/3 m EMC半消声室的归一化站点衰减的计算值与实测值之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 13
To reinforce immunities around GHz frequencies by EMI noise suppression filters 通过EMI噪声抑制滤波器增强GHz频率附近的免疫力
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561424
S. Wakamatsu, F. Tilley, G. Hubers, Y. Sakamoto, T. Kaneko, H. Yamamoto, Y. Karokawa
With recent advances in telecommunications using GHz range communication technologies, it is necessary to ensure product immunity from high frequency radio waves. Conventionally, shielding and/or feed through capacitors have been used to suppress EMI noise in the GHz range. However, this method has difficulties since a feed through capacitor must be mounted in a metal plate or equivalent. Although surface mount ferrite beads are simple to mount, their performance is limited in the GHz range. Newly developed EMI filters which have improved performance in the GHz range and are able to be mounted without a shielding case are examined. The new EMI filters improve the noise suppression by approximately 20 dB around 1 GHz as compare to conventional EMI filters. Evaluations using actual equipment illustrate the superior performance of the new EMI filters as compared to conventional filters such as surface mount ferrite beads. These new EMI filters are expected to ensure product immunity from radio waves at frequencies greater than 1 GHz.
随着使用GHz范围通信技术的电信技术的最新进展,有必要确保产品免受高频无线电波的影响。传统上,屏蔽和/或馈通电容器已被用于抑制GHz范围内的EMI噪声。然而,这种方法有困难,因为馈通电容器必须安装在金属板或等效物上。虽然表面贴装铁氧体微珠安装简单,但其性能在GHz范围内受到限制。研究了新开发的EMI滤波器,该滤波器改善了GHz范围内的性能,并且可以在没有屏蔽外壳的情况下安装。与传统EMI滤波器相比,新型EMI滤波器在1 GHz附近的噪声抑制能力提高了约20 dB。使用实际设备进行的评估表明,与表面贴装铁氧体磁珠等传统滤波器相比,新型EMI滤波器具有优越的性能。这些新的EMI滤波器有望确保产品免受频率大于1ghz的无线电波的干扰。
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引用次数: 9
EMV testing of aircraft: a comparison of the mode-stirred and standard methods 飞机EMV试验:模态搅拌法与标准方法的比较
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561225
D. Kempf
Electromagnetic vulnerability (EMV) testing is typically performed on aircraft using a standard method where the aircraft is directly radiated by an antenna, with no mode-stirring. Since a standing wave pattern will cause peaks and nulls in the field inside the aircraft, many antenna aspect angles should be used to assure that all equipment on board the aircraft is exposed to the appropriate field. However, this is very time consuming and often not feasible. As a result, some equipment on the aircraft may not be exposed to the intended field level. Using mode-stirred techniques during EMV testing will provide improvement in the field distribution throughout the aircraft so that the need to use several aspect angles would be eliminated, and a more controlled and thorough test would result. This study was performed to demonstrate this, by comparing cable coupling and field level measurements on a P-3 and an E-2C during EMV testing using both the standard method and mode-stirring.
电磁脆弱性(EMV)测试通常在飞机上进行,使用标准方法,飞机由天线直接辐射,没有模式搅拌。由于驻波模式会在飞机内部产生波峰和波谷,因此应使用许多天线的角度,以确保飞机上的所有设备都暴露在适当的波场中。然而,这是非常耗时的,而且通常是不可行的。因此,飞机上的一些设备可能无法暴露在预期的现场水平。在EMV测试中使用模式搅拌技术将改善整个飞机的场分布,从而消除了使用几个俯角的需要,从而实现更可控、更彻底的测试。本研究通过比较电缆耦合和P-3和E-2C在EMV测试期间使用标准方法和模式搅拌的现场液位测量结果来证明这一点。
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引用次数: 4
Computer aided analysis of RF effects in BJT circuits BJT电路中射频效应的计算机辅助分析
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561246
F. Fiori, T. Foti, V. Pozzolo
In this work the modified Gummel Poon model (MGPM), implemented in the SPICE 3F4 simulator, is used to predict the effects of an RF disturbance in bipolar circuits. In fact in the presence of the conducted RF disturbances, the monodimensional models currently used for circuit simulations (Ebers Moll, Gummel Poon), cannot provide the behaviour of the device with sufficient accuracy. In particular, the modified SPICE 3F4 simulator has been used to predict BJT circuit susceptibility, performing .OP, .DC, .AC and .TRAN analysis, for the following interference signals: continuous wave (CW), amplitude modulated (AM) or frequency modulated (FM) disturbances, with carrier frequency in the range 100 MHz-1 GHz and RF power level up to 0 dBm.
在这项工作中,改进的Gummel Poon模型(MGPM),在SPICE 3F4模拟器中实现,用于预测双极电路中射频干扰的影响。事实上,在传导射频干扰存在的情况下,目前用于电路模拟的一维模型(Ebers Moll, Gummel Poon)不能以足够的精度提供器件的行为。特别是,改进的SPICE 3F4模拟器已用于预测BJT电路的敏感性,对以下干扰信号进行. op, . dc, . ac和. tran分析:连续波(CW),调幅(AM)或调频(FM)干扰,载波频率在100 MHz-1 GHz范围内,射频功率水平高达0 dBm。
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引用次数: 4
Investigation of the theoretical basis for using a 1 GHz TEM cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from integrated circuits 利用1ghz瞬变电磁箱评估集成电路辐射发射的理论基础研究
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561202
J. Muccioli, T. M. North, K. Slattery
This study was initiated in order to gain a better understanding of the basis for using a 1 GHz TEM cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from integrated circuits (ICs). The authors have been involved for several years with the effort to develop procedures and standards for evaluating the EMC of ICs. One of these standards, SAE J1752/3, is being used by the IC industry to characterize high speed VLSI ICs and survey the variation of RF emissions due to changes in IC process and package parameters. This standard specifies a radiated emissions measurement system using a 1 GHz TEM cell with the IC under test on a test board that is a part of the wall above the septum of the TEM cell. In order to investigate the theoretical basis for this procedure, a model of the IC lead frame as a current loop was developed and analyzed for coupling to the septum of the TEM cell at different orientations. Test boards with current loops orientated both parallel and orthogonal to the TEM cell wall were evaluated for correlation with the model. Using a microprocessor on a test board, a comparison was made of the measured data from the 1 GHz TEM cell, the EMSCANTM circuit board analysis system and radiated field measurements using an antenna. Methods for calibration of the TEM cell were also investigated.
本研究的开展是为了更好地了解使用1ghz TEM单元来评估集成电路(ic)辐射发射的基础。作者多年来一直致力于开发评估集成电路EMC的程序和标准。其中一个标准SAE J1752/3被集成电路行业用于描述高速VLSI集成电路的特性,并调查由于IC工艺和封装参数变化而导致的射频发射变化。本标准规定了一种辐射发射测量系统,该系统使用1 GHz TEM单元,被测IC位于TEM单元隔膜上方的测试板上。为了研究这一过程的理论基础,建立了集成电路引线框架作为电流环的模型,并分析了在不同方向上与TEM电池隔膜的耦合。与TEM细胞壁平行或正交的电流环测试板与模型的相关性进行了评估。利用测试板上的微处理器,对1 GHz TEM单元、EMSCANTM电路板分析系统和天线辐射场测量数据进行了比较。研究了TEM细胞的标定方法。
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引用次数: 28
Use of the method of moments to find the charge densities and capacitances of a shielded twisted pair transmission line 用矩量法求屏蔽双绞线传输线的电荷密度和电容
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561243
C. James, J. Norgard
The surface charge densities and associated capacitances of a shielded twisted pair transmission line are found for quasi static conditions, under balanced and longitudinal excitations. The unknown charge density is expanded in a Fourier series. The series is used as basis functions for a method of moments solution to find the unknown series coefficients. This paper describes the geometric structure and the formation of the integral equation that describes the potential distribution as a function of the unknown charge densities. The simplifying approximations made are pointed out, as well as the limitations to the solution caused by the approximations.
得到了准静态条件下,平衡激励和纵向激励下屏蔽双绞线的表面电荷密度和相关电容。未知电荷密度用傅里叶级数展开。用该级数作为基函数,用矩解法求解未知级数系数。本文描述了以未知电荷密度为函数的势分布的几何结构和积分方程的形成。指出了所作的简化近似,以及这种近似对解所造成的局限性。
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引用次数: 2
Simulated and experimental effects of ESD on CMOS timing circuits ESD对CMOS时序电路的仿真和实验效果
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561271
A. Mahinfallah, R. Nelson
The effects of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event on a CMOS timing circuit were investigated experimentally and using computer simulations. Results are provided for cases when an ESD pulse was imposed on the original timing circuit, as well as when various protection schemes were incorporated in the circuit. Voltage spikes and timing errors were observed in the original timing circuit in both computer simulations and laboratory experiments. The beneficial effects of using ESD suppression devices were also observed in both cases. Similarities and differences between results obtained from computer simulations and laboratory experiments are discussed.
通过实验和计算机模拟研究了静电放电(ESD)事件对CMOS定时电路的影响。结果提供了在原始时序电路上施加ESD脉冲的情况,以及在电路中加入各种保护方案的情况。在计算机模拟和实验室实验中均观察到原时序电路存在电压尖峰和时序误差。在这两种情况下,也观察到使用ESD抑制装置的有益效果。讨论了计算机模拟结果与实验室实验结果的异同。
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引用次数: 3
E-field measurements in the near-field of transmitting antennas using an integrated electro-optical sensor 利用集成电光传感器对发射天线近场进行电场测量
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561416
M. Schwerdt, J. Berger, K. Petermann
For the first time to our knowledge we present an E-field measurement of the tangential component |E/sub x/| in the near-field of a dipole antenna, using an integrated optical E-field sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/). In comparison with conventional sensors the advantages of an integrated optical E-field sensor are the omission of metallic leads and the relatively small dimensions, resulting in reduced field perturbations. Due to the high substrate permittivity the sensor is well suited for measurements in liquids.
据我们所知,我们首次在铌酸锂(LiNbO/sub 3/)中使用基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的集成光学电子场传感器,对偶极子天线近场的切向分量|E/sub x/|进行了电子场测量。与传统传感器相比,集成光学电场传感器的优点是省去了金属引线和相对较小的尺寸,从而减少了场扰动。由于高衬底介电常数,该传感器非常适合于液体测量。
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引用次数: 5
Statistical comparison of site-to-site measurement reproducibility 站点间测量再现性的统计比较
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561236
L. Kolb
There have been many attempts to assess the reproducibility of EMC measurements between test sites, with varying degrees of success dependent upon implementation details. Hewlett-Packard has a successful program of site-to-site reproducibility evaluations using a custom-designed RF source as a reference, and applying statistical techniques to include the day-to-day variability of each site in the collected data. Comparing the sites to the average (for lack of a reference site), 95% of the measurements agree within 3.8 dB between 30 and 100 MHz and between 550 and 1000 MHz, and within 2.8 dB between 100 and 550 MHz. The program benefits the participating sites by answering the question of how much variability can be expected from day to day and from that site to another, as well as detecting and helping to identify sources of measurement error. The paper also includes evidence that a 1/r correction going from 3 m to 10 m test distance involves errors of about 8 dB.
已经进行了许多尝试,以评估测试站点之间EMC测量的可重复性,成功程度取决于实现细节。惠普有一个成功的项目,使用定制设计的射频源作为参考,并应用统计技术,在收集的数据中包括每个站点的日常变化。将站点与平均值进行比较(由于缺乏参考站点),95%的测量值在30至100 MHz之间和550至1000 MHz之间的3.8 dB范围内一致,在100至550 MHz之间的2.8 dB范围内一致。该计划通过回答每天和从一个地点到另一个地点的可变性可以预期的问题,以及检测和帮助识别测量误差的来源,使参与的地点受益。本文还包括证据表明,从3米到10米测试距离的1/r校正涉及约8 dB的误差。
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引用次数: 18
Non-traditional methods of screening in electromagnetic systems 电磁系统中的非传统筛选方法
Pub Date : 1996-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561259
S. M. Apollonskii
A shielding system for obtaining high "magnetic" vacuum is proposed, containing two conducting electric current ferromagnetic shells. Shells are located in each other with air interspaces. For an increase of homogeneity of residual fields in the shielded domain the displacement of the inner shell concerning the external shell (creation of an eccentricity) depends on the character of falling fields. A calculation method is given for a structure of shielding shells in a orthogonal curvilinear system of coordinates.
提出了一种高“磁”真空的屏蔽系统,该屏蔽系统包含两个导电电流铁磁壳体。炮弹彼此之间有空隙。对于在屏蔽域中残余场均匀性的增加,内壳相对于外壳的位移(偏心的产生)取决于落场的特性。给出了在正交曲线坐标系下屏蔽壳结构的一种计算方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
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