Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561244
A. Orlandi, C. R. Paul
The state-variable characterization of arbitrary termination networks is incorporated into the finite difference-time domain (FDTD) analysis of multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs). Line losses as well as the effects of incident electromagnetic fields are included in the analysis.
{"title":"State-variable characterization of transmission line terminations for FDTD analysis","authors":"A. Orlandi, C. R. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561244","url":null,"abstract":"The state-variable characterization of arbitrary termination networks is incorporated into the finite difference-time domain (FDTD) analysis of multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs). Line losses as well as the effects of incident electromagnetic fields are included in the analysis.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122750627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561255
S. Tanabe, E. Gofuku, T. Itoh, Y. Murata, T. Ozeki
The emission of electromagnetic (EM) noise from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is analyzed using a three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM). The emission of EM noise depends on the transmission line structure and ground structure including the connection between the system ground (SG) and frame ground (FG). We applied the 3D-FEM analysis to the design of a thin film transistor liquid crystal display's (TFT-LCD) PCB. The calculation results were confirmed by experiments using model transmission lines. The 360 MHz noise emission from a strip line structure is about 1/10 of that from a microstrip line structure for a particular specification. Plural FGs generate loop currents and increase the noise emission. The distance between the noise source and FG is an important factor in deciding the noise emission.
{"title":"3D-FEM analysis of electromagnetic emission from PCB","authors":"S. Tanabe, E. Gofuku, T. Itoh, Y. Murata, T. Ozeki","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561255","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of electromagnetic (EM) noise from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is analyzed using a three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM). The emission of EM noise depends on the transmission line structure and ground structure including the connection between the system ground (SG) and frame ground (FG). We applied the 3D-FEM analysis to the design of a thin film transistor liquid crystal display's (TFT-LCD) PCB. The calculation results were confirmed by experiments using model transmission lines. The 360 MHz noise emission from a strip line structure is about 1/10 of that from a microstrip line structure for a particular specification. Plural FGs generate loop currents and increase the noise emission. The distance between the noise source and FG is an important factor in deciding the noise emission.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561266
H. Berger, A. Tsaliovich
This paper establishes the unlicensed personal communications services (UPCS) product EMC compliance test principles. The test rationale and measurement techniques for evaluating the maximum transmitted power and transmission deference threshold are derived from the requirements of existing regulations. The emphasis is made on comparison of and correlation between conducted and radiated measurements performed in popular test environments: free space, GTEM cell, and OATS. The validity, scope, and limits of interchanging different measurement techniques and test facilities are addressed . Basic theoretical considerations and obtained experimental data illustrate and support the test options suggested in ANSI standard C63.17 and provide guidance in performing practical testing and experimental studies.
{"title":"Unlicensed PCS product EMC compliance measurement rationale and alternatives","authors":"H. Berger, A. Tsaliovich","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes the unlicensed personal communications services (UPCS) product EMC compliance test principles. The test rationale and measurement techniques for evaluating the maximum transmitted power and transmission deference threshold are derived from the requirements of existing regulations. The emphasis is made on comparison of and correlation between conducted and radiated measurements performed in popular test environments: free space, GTEM cell, and OATS. The validity, scope, and limits of interchanging different measurement techniques and test facilities are addressed . Basic theoretical considerations and obtained experimental data illustrate and support the test options suggested in ANSI standard C63.17 and provide guidance in performing practical testing and experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561192
D. Heirman
The need for designing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) into commercial products has intensified, especially since international EMC regulations have proliferated in the past two years. Manufacturers must build a single product that meets all the relevant EMC requirements no matter where in the world the product is marketed. This means that a single set of harmonized standards is highly desirable. Commercial-application EMC standards in the USA have kept pace with this growing trend. This paper make comparisons, where they exist, between USA and IEC standards to show the growing trend towards harmonization. This paper also presents activity in the United States in developing commercial EMC standards, especially in the area of methods of measurement. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in fact has adopted the ANSI C63.4 method of measurement for emissions while allowing the use of either the FCC Part 15 or the IEC/CISPR Publication 22 limits. Some of the major activities on immunity methods of measurement are reviewed. Finally, an update is included of relevant FCC actions as they relate to standardization.
{"title":"The USA emission and immunity EMC specifications","authors":"D. Heirman","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561192","url":null,"abstract":"The need for designing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) into commercial products has intensified, especially since international EMC regulations have proliferated in the past two years. Manufacturers must build a single product that meets all the relevant EMC requirements no matter where in the world the product is marketed. This means that a single set of harmonized standards is highly desirable. Commercial-application EMC standards in the USA have kept pace with this growing trend. This paper make comparisons, where they exist, between USA and IEC standards to show the growing trend towards harmonization. This paper also presents activity in the United States in developing commercial EMC standards, especially in the area of methods of measurement. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in fact has adopted the ANSI C63.4 method of measurement for emissions while allowing the use of either the FCC Part 15 or the IEC/CISPR Publication 22 limits. Some of the major activities on immunity methods of measurement are reviewed. Finally, an update is included of relevant FCC actions as they relate to standardization.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123606323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561233
S. Celozzi, A. Orlandi
A hybrid approach is proposed for the accurate modeling of discontinuities frequently encountered in transmission line networks (e.g. printed circuit boards). A frequency domain method of moments formulation for the discontinuities is introduced and merged into a transmission line based approach for the analysis of complex networks. Suitable equations, in terms of convolution integrals, are developed to join both formulations in the time domain in order to account for the presence of nonlinear loads. An efficient finite difference time domain algorithm is used to solve the resulting integrodifferential equation system.
{"title":"Efficient modeling of transmission line networks discontinuities","authors":"S. Celozzi, A. Orlandi","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561233","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid approach is proposed for the accurate modeling of discontinuities frequently encountered in transmission line networks (e.g. printed circuit boards). A frequency domain method of moments formulation for the discontinuities is introduced and merged into a transmission line based approach for the analysis of complex networks. Suitable equations, in terms of convolution integrals, are developed to join both formulations in the time domain in order to account for the presence of nonlinear loads. An efficient finite difference time domain algorithm is used to solve the resulting integrodifferential equation system.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121384005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561430
D. Dixon
The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment on military platforms is expected to significantly increase as Secretary of Defense Perry's acquisition reform initiative continues to be implemented. Recent COTS installations on military platforms have demonstrated both the expected performance and time-to-develop improvements as well as some unexpected problems due to electromagnetic environmental effects (E/sup 3/) emission or susceptibility problems. Rapid response electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction teams have been able to successfully apply traditional DoD E3 installation and design techniques to restore (some of) the system performance. These lessons learned experiences have shown that program managers can neither ignore E/sup 3/ requirements nor simply specify existing commercial EMI requirements. In order to minimize the potential negatives due to the use of COTS equipment, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the existing problems and develop a methodology to minimize or eliminate similar E3 problems from occurring on future military platforms.
{"title":"E/sup 3/ concerns for the military use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment","authors":"D. Dixon","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561430","url":null,"abstract":"The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment on military platforms is expected to significantly increase as Secretary of Defense Perry's acquisition reform initiative continues to be implemented. Recent COTS installations on military platforms have demonstrated both the expected performance and time-to-develop improvements as well as some unexpected problems due to electromagnetic environmental effects (E/sup 3/) emission or susceptibility problems. Rapid response electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction teams have been able to successfully apply traditional DoD E3 installation and design techniques to restore (some of) the system performance. These lessons learned experiences have shown that program managers can neither ignore E/sup 3/ requirements nor simply specify existing commercial EMI requirements. In order to minimize the potential negatives due to the use of COTS equipment, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the existing problems and develop a methodology to minimize or eliminate similar E3 problems from occurring on future military platforms.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115864440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561242
D.A. DiClementi, D. L. Standeven
An impedance versus frequency characterization of a 60 Hz power distribution system has been performed from 30 Hz to 1 MHz. The impedance characterization involves both empirical and theoretical aspects utilizing transmission line theory. The characterization yielded transmission line attributes that determine the power distribution system's performance for auxiliary functions such as data propagation. Potential applications of the characterization include analyzing the applicability of a residential power distribution system for data communications.
{"title":"Electrical distribution system power line characterization","authors":"D.A. DiClementi, D. L. Standeven","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561242","url":null,"abstract":"An impedance versus frequency characterization of a 60 Hz power distribution system has been performed from 30 Hz to 1 MHz. The impedance characterization involves both empirical and theoretical aspects utilizing transmission line theory. The characterization yielded transmission line attributes that determine the power distribution system's performance for auxiliary functions such as data propagation. Potential applications of the characterization include analyzing the applicability of a residential power distribution system for data communications.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132371983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561230
T. Anderson
This paper describes models of the magnetic field interactions from various sources and a physical blockage. The sources represent power supplies, transformers, and cables; the physical blockage is a cylindrical shell. The sources are modeled as vector fields in the magnetostatic limit. Boundary conditions applied at the outer and inner interfaces of the cylindrical shell require that the normal component of the B field and the tangential component of the H field be continuous at the outer and inner interfaces. The source fields are transformed to the coordinate system of the cylindrical shell, where the final solutions are given. The source fields are expanded in binomial expansions, and the response fields outside, within, and in the interior region of the cylindrical shell are expanded in Legendre polynomial expansions. Upon application of the boundary conditions, a system of linear equations is generated by matching powers of sine and cosine functions in the binomial and Legendre polynomial expansions. The solutions of this system of equations yield the coefficients of expansion of the Legendre polynomials. The number of equations generated depends on the extent of the expansions, which, in turn, depends on the accuracy that is required. After solving for the coefficients of expansion, the coefficients are substituted back into the Legendre polynomial field equations, and the gradients are taken to obtain the vector fields. These fields are then added to the source fields to obtain the final solutions.
{"title":"Models for the nearfield interaction of a magnetic field from point sources representing transformers and power supplies and a ferromagnetic cylindrical shell","authors":"T. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes models of the magnetic field interactions from various sources and a physical blockage. The sources represent power supplies, transformers, and cables; the physical blockage is a cylindrical shell. The sources are modeled as vector fields in the magnetostatic limit. Boundary conditions applied at the outer and inner interfaces of the cylindrical shell require that the normal component of the B field and the tangential component of the H field be continuous at the outer and inner interfaces. The source fields are transformed to the coordinate system of the cylindrical shell, where the final solutions are given. The source fields are expanded in binomial expansions, and the response fields outside, within, and in the interior region of the cylindrical shell are expanded in Legendre polynomial expansions. Upon application of the boundary conditions, a system of linear equations is generated by matching powers of sine and cosine functions in the binomial and Legendre polynomial expansions. The solutions of this system of equations yield the coefficients of expansion of the Legendre polynomials. The number of equations generated depends on the extent of the expansions, which, in turn, depends on the accuracy that is required. After solving for the coefficients of expansion, the coefficients are substituted back into the Legendre polynomial field equations, and the gradients are taken to obtain the vector fields. These fields are then added to the source fields to obtain the final solutions.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134014027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561429
F. Mayer-Lead
MIL-STD-85485 describes low-pass cables suppressing conducted and radiated RFI by dielectromagnetic absorption: the basic specification of such cables is indeed an attenuation of 100 dB/m or more, in the frequency range 1 GHz-18 GHz. There is a need to update this standard, issued in 1981: indeed there are current requests for "stopband frequencies" over 18 GHz, and/or requests for pass-band frequencies, higher than 10 MHz. The article describes the concept and implementation of such performance, which cannot be related anymore exclusively to magnetic absorptions, as concomitant to the physics of ferri and/or ferromagnetic materials.
{"title":"Improvements on the MTL-STD-85485 low pass cable line","authors":"F. Mayer-Lead","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561429","url":null,"abstract":"MIL-STD-85485 describes low-pass cables suppressing conducted and radiated RFI by dielectromagnetic absorption: the basic specification of such cables is indeed an attenuation of 100 dB/m or more, in the frequency range 1 GHz-18 GHz. There is a need to update this standard, issued in 1981: indeed there are current requests for \"stopband frequencies\" over 18 GHz, and/or requests for pass-band frequencies, higher than 10 MHz. The article describes the concept and implementation of such performance, which cannot be related anymore exclusively to magnetic absorptions, as concomitant to the physics of ferri and/or ferromagnetic materials.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115402171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-19DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561223
R. Johnk, J. Randa
The low-frequency behavior of RF absorbers and absorber-lined chambers (ALC) is of considerable interest and has received a corresponding amount of attention in the EMC community. We present a simple model to characterize the behavior of radio-frequency absorbers at low frequency. The absorber is represented by a flat, homogeneous, isotropic slab of lossy material, with effective constitutive parameters. These parameters are determined by a fit to measured data. Excellent fits are obtained in the two applications considered. The model is intended for use in the characterization of absorber-lined chambers at low frequency. It could also be used to predict the low-frequency performance of partially loaded shielded enclosures.
{"title":"Low-frequency representation of radio-frequency absorbers","authors":"R. Johnk, J. Randa","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1996.561223","url":null,"abstract":"The low-frequency behavior of RF absorbers and absorber-lined chambers (ALC) is of considerable interest and has received a corresponding amount of attention in the EMC community. We present a simple model to characterize the behavior of radio-frequency absorbers at low frequency. The absorber is represented by a flat, homogeneous, isotropic slab of lossy material, with effective constitutive parameters. These parameters are determined by a fit to measured data. Excellent fits are obtained in the two applications considered. The model is intended for use in the characterization of absorber-lined chambers at low frequency. It could also be used to predict the low-frequency performance of partially loaded shielded enclosures.","PeriodicalId":296175,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124165216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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