Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v17i1.265208
Siriyakorn Thanasitthichai, R. Suphanchaimat, Chanakan Duanyai, Fittra Yoso, Nurulhuda Bensolaeh, Sulaiya Malae, Ittapon Ioewongcharoen, C. Sangsawang
On 9 Feb 2023, the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12Songkhlawas informed of an influenza-like illness (ILI) cluster in an all-male prison in Songkhla Province. We investigated to identify the causative agent, possible sources and risk factors, and provide control measures. We conducted an active case finding by interviewing inmates and officers. Prison facilities and hygiene behaviors of inmates and officers were inspected. A retrospective cohort study was performed. Basic and effective reproductive numbers were estimated. The overall attack rate was 12.6% (474/3,648). Most cases were inmates from Wing C (80.4%). There were no severe cases or deaths. Of ten specimens tested, all were positive for influenza B/Victoria lineage, V1a.3a.2. Fifty-four percent of inmates had received influenza vaccine within the last 12 months. A mismatch between the viral strain in the vaccine and the one causing this outbreak likely contributed to the outbreak as the vaccine provided to the inmates was manufactured during the previous year's influenza season. Vaccine effectiveness was 36.2% against ILI. Having high-risk conditions (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–6.32) and sharing drinking glasses (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21–3.36) were significant risk factors. The basic reproductive number for ILI in this outbreak was 1.36. The effective reproductive number ranged from 0.18–3.69. For effective management of ILI outbreaks in prisons, a continuous program of influenza vaccination following updated World Health Organization recommendations and a comprehensive surveillance system with rigorous respiratory illness management practices are suggested.
2023 年 2 月 9 日，宋卡府第 12 区疾病预防与控制办公室（Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12-Songkhlaw）接到通知，宋卡府的一所男性监狱中出现了流感样病例群。我们进行了调查，以确定病原体、可能的来源和风险因素，并提供控制措施。我们通过与囚犯和监狱官员面谈，积极开展病例调查。我们对监狱设施以及囚犯和警官的卫生行为进行了检查。进行了一项回顾性队列研究。估算了基本和有效的生殖数量。总体发病率为 12.6%（474/3 648）。大多数病例来自 C 翼（80.4%）。没有严重病例或死亡病例。在检测的 10 份样本中，所有样本的乙型/维多利亚系 V1a.3a.2 流感病毒均呈阳性。54%的囚犯在过去12个月内接种过流感疫苗。由于提供给囚犯的疫苗是在前一年的流感季节生产的，因此疫苗中的病毒株与导致此次疫情爆发的病毒株不匹配可能是导致疫情爆发的原因之一。疫苗对 ILI 的有效率为 36.2%。高风险条件（调整后的几率比（AOR）为 2.83，95% 置信区间（CI）为 1.27-6.32）和共用饮水杯（AOR 为 2.02，95% 置信区间（CI）为 1.21-3.36）是重要的风险因素。在此次疫情中，ILI 的基本繁殖数为 1.36。有效繁殖数为 0.18-3.69。为有效控制监狱中爆发的 ILI，建议按照世界卫生组织的最新建议持续开展流感疫苗接种计划，并建立全面的监测系统和严格的呼吸道疾病管理措施。
{"title":"Factors Associated with Influenza-like Illness among Inmates in an All-male Prison, Songkhla Province, Thailand, 2023","authors":"Siriyakorn Thanasitthichai, R. Suphanchaimat, Chanakan Duanyai, Fittra Yoso, Nurulhuda Bensolaeh, Sulaiya Malae, Ittapon Ioewongcharoen, C. Sangsawang","doi":"10.59096/osir.v17i1.265208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v17i1.265208","url":null,"abstract":"On 9 Feb 2023, the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12Songkhlawas informed of an influenza-like illness (ILI) cluster in an all-male prison in Songkhla Province. We investigated to identify the causative agent, possible sources and risk factors, and provide control measures. We conducted an active case finding by interviewing inmates and officers. Prison facilities and hygiene behaviors of inmates and officers were inspected. A retrospective cohort study was performed. Basic and effective reproductive numbers were estimated. The overall attack rate was 12.6% (474/3,648). Most cases were inmates from Wing C (80.4%). There were no severe cases or deaths. Of ten specimens tested, all were positive for influenza B/Victoria lineage, V1a.3a.2. Fifty-four percent of inmates had received influenza vaccine within the last 12 months. A mismatch between the viral strain in the vaccine and the one causing this outbreak likely contributed to the outbreak as the vaccine provided to the inmates was manufactured during the previous year's influenza season. Vaccine effectiveness was 36.2% against ILI. Having high-risk conditions (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–6.32) and sharing drinking glasses (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21–3.36) were significant risk factors. The basic reproductive number for ILI in this outbreak was 1.36. The effective reproductive number ranged from 0.18–3.69. For effective management of ILI outbreaks in prisons, a continuous program of influenza vaccination following updated World Health Organization recommendations and a comprehensive surveillance system with rigorous respiratory illness management practices are suggested.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"15 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v17i1.265434
S. Jiamsiri, Nichakul Pisitpayat, Jutarat Chuoiad, Prangnapitch Wihanthong, Anna A. Minta, Thanit Rattanathumsakul
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus can cause chronic liver disease. Thailand aimed to eliminate MTCT of hepatitis B virus by 2025. Strategies include hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening for pregnant women, antiviral therapy for infected mother, hepatitis B birth dose vaccination (HepB-BD), HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) for infants born to HBsAg-positive mother. The objectives of this study were to assess the management of HBsAg-positive mothers and their infants. We reviewed medical records of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their infants born during 1 Jan 2016–31 Dec 2017 at 14 hospitals in seven provinces to assess the percentage of women who were tested and treated for HBV and the percentage of infants born to them who received HepB-BD, HBIG and underwent PVST. All 69,303 pregnant women were screened for HBsAg and 1,179 (1.7%) were HBsAg positive. Of 1,179 HBsAg-positive women, 219 (18.6%) were tested for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and 85 (38.8%) were HBeAg positive; 29 (2.5%) were tested for HBV DNA and 14 (48.3%) had viral load ≥200,000 IU/mL. Of 90 women eligible for antiviral therapy, 16 (17.8%) received treatment. Among 1,144 infants with available records, HepB-BD and HBIG coverage was 99.3% and 45.8%. Of 966 children with follow-up records, 12.2% underwent PVST and all were HBsAg negative. In conclusion, while the coverage of maternal HBsAg screening and infant HepB-BD was high, few women received follow-up testing and treatment. HBIG administration for infants was low and PVST rate still needed improvement.
{"title":"Implementation of Strategies to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Thailand, 2016–2017","authors":"S. Jiamsiri, Nichakul Pisitpayat, Jutarat Chuoiad, Prangnapitch Wihanthong, Anna A. Minta, Thanit Rattanathumsakul","doi":"10.59096/osir.v17i1.265434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v17i1.265434","url":null,"abstract":"Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus can cause chronic liver disease. Thailand aimed to eliminate MTCT of hepatitis B virus by 2025. Strategies include hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening for pregnant women, antiviral therapy for infected mother, hepatitis B birth dose vaccination (HepB-BD), HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) for infants born to HBsAg-positive mother. The objectives of this study were to assess the management of HBsAg-positive mothers and their infants. We reviewed medical records of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their infants born during 1 Jan 2016–31 Dec 2017 at 14 hospitals in seven provinces to assess the percentage of women who were tested and treated for HBV and the percentage of infants born to them who received HepB-BD, HBIG and underwent PVST. All 69,303 pregnant women were screened for HBsAg and 1,179 (1.7%) were HBsAg positive. Of 1,179 HBsAg-positive women, 219 (18.6%) were tested for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and 85 (38.8%) were HBeAg positive; 29 (2.5%) were tested for HBV DNA and 14 (48.3%) had viral load ≥200,000 IU/mL. Of 90 women eligible for antiviral therapy, 16 (17.8%) received treatment. Among 1,144 infants with available records, HepB-BD and HBIG coverage was 99.3% and 45.8%. Of 966 children with follow-up records, 12.2% underwent PVST and all were HBsAg negative. In conclusion, while the coverage of maternal HBsAg screening and infant HepB-BD was high, few women received follow-up testing and treatment. HBIG administration for infants was low and PVST rate still needed improvement.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"35 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v16i4.265144
Syahrizal Abdul Halim, R. Safii, Mohd Adni Fazlil Alias, Tengku Muhammad Azizi Hashim, Nurliyana Najihah Salleh, Thiban Gunasargan, Logapragash Kandasamy, Hairul Izwan Abdul Rahman
An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was identified in a rural village in Perak, Malaysia, on 22 Jun 2022, following the detection of 20 cases. The Larut, Matang, and Selama District Health Office implemented public health measures to control the outbreak. We detected 25 cases during 22–24 Jun 2022, among private boarding school students and residents. Half (52%) of the cases were aged between 11 and 15 years, 68% were male, and 44% were students. Common symptoms included vomiting (88%), abdominal pain (76%), and diarrhoea (72%). No food was suspected based on food diaries, as there was no common food eaten by all cases. The epidemic curve showed a point-source pattern. Mapping of cases demonstrated that all cases used water for drinking, cooking, and other domestic usages that were supplied by the same gravity feed system. Several empty containers of carbofuran-containing insecticide and nematicide, used for agriculture, were found near the gravity feed system route at an altitude higher than its inlet. No known pathogen was isolated from the rectal swabs of cases. This acute gastroenteritis outbreak was suspected to have occurred from drinking water contaminated with chemicals such as carbofuran. After excluding other possible causes, health education to the villagers, particularly on the appropriate use of insecticides nearby the source of water supply with good cooperation from the local communities had helped successfully controlling the outbreak.
{"title":"Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak in a Rural Area in Perak, Malaysia, 2022","authors":"Syahrizal Abdul Halim, R. Safii, Mohd Adni Fazlil Alias, Tengku Muhammad Azizi Hashim, Nurliyana Najihah Salleh, Thiban Gunasargan, Logapragash Kandasamy, Hairul Izwan Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i4.265144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i4.265144","url":null,"abstract":"An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was identified in a rural village in Perak, Malaysia, on 22 Jun 2022, following the detection of 20 cases. The Larut, Matang, and Selama District Health Office implemented public health measures to control the outbreak. We detected 25 cases during 22–24 Jun 2022, among private boarding school students and residents. Half (52%) of the cases were aged between 11 and 15 years, 68% were male, and 44% were students. Common symptoms included vomiting (88%), abdominal pain (76%), and diarrhoea (72%). No food was suspected based on food diaries, as there was no common food eaten by all cases. The epidemic curve showed a point-source pattern. Mapping of cases demonstrated that all cases used water for drinking, cooking, and other domestic usages that were supplied by the same gravity feed system. Several empty containers of carbofuran-containing insecticide and nematicide, used for agriculture, were found near the gravity feed system route at an altitude higher than its inlet. No known pathogen was isolated from the rectal swabs of cases. This acute gastroenteritis outbreak was suspected to have occurred from drinking water contaminated with chemicals such as carbofuran. After excluding other possible causes, health education to the villagers, particularly on the appropriate use of insecticides nearby the source of water supply with good cooperation from the local communities had helped successfully controlling the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"22 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v17i1.267118
Sutham Jirapanakorn, Warodom Sornsurin, Pipat Sangthong, Nichakul Pisitpayat, R. Suphanchaimat
On 22 May 2023, the mpox cluster was reported in a household in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. We investigated to confirm the outbreak and diagnoses, describe its possible linkage and source, and identify potential fomite transmission. We interviewed all cases, traced their contacts, and swabbed household surfaces for mpox. We conducted a rapid situation analysis of mpox cases in Thailand until July 2023. Three cases were confirmed within the same household involving five individuals. The first case was a sexually active male and the second case was his intimate partner. The third case was the mother of the second case. The first two cases reported no sexual activity after symptoms appeared. They both attended a shaving ceremony and engaged in activities without wearing face masks. The third case had direct contact with her son's droplets and rash and then developed symptoms, without rash and fever. No additional case was detected among participants of the ceremony. One of two other household members tested negative after developing symptom while the other was asymptomatic. Despite house cleaning with 70%-ethanol, before investigation, 18 of 27 environmental swabs tested positive, with cycle threshold values ≥30. Since situation analysis revealed no previously reported non-sexual household mpox transmission, this investigation confirmed its existence. Risk communication should address the plausibility of non-sexual transmission. Mpox symptom may occur without rash and fever, emphasizing the importance of testing suspected individuals and revising mpox investigation guidelines accordingly. Surface cleaning with 70%-ethanol may reduce fomite transmissibility.
{"title":"An Investigation of the First Non-sexual Household-transmitted Mpox Cluster with Rapid Situation Analysis of Mpox Epidemic in Thailand","authors":"Sutham Jirapanakorn, Warodom Sornsurin, Pipat Sangthong, Nichakul Pisitpayat, R. Suphanchaimat","doi":"10.59096/osir.v17i1.267118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v17i1.267118","url":null,"abstract":"On 22 May 2023, the mpox cluster was reported in a household in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. We investigated to confirm the outbreak and diagnoses, describe its possible linkage and source, and identify potential fomite transmission. We interviewed all cases, traced their contacts, and swabbed household surfaces for mpox. We conducted a rapid situation analysis of mpox cases in Thailand until July 2023. Three cases were confirmed within the same household involving five individuals. The first case was a sexually active male and the second case was his intimate partner. The third case was the mother of the second case. The first two cases reported no sexual activity after symptoms appeared. They both attended a shaving ceremony and engaged in activities without wearing face masks. The third case had direct contact with her son's droplets and rash and then developed symptoms, without rash and fever. No additional case was detected among participants of the ceremony. One of two other household members tested negative after developing symptom while the other was asymptomatic. Despite house cleaning with 70%-ethanol, before investigation, 18 of 27 environmental swabs tested positive, with cycle threshold values ≥30. Since situation analysis revealed no previously reported non-sexual household mpox transmission, this investigation confirmed its existence. Risk communication should address the plausibility of non-sexual transmission. Mpox symptom may occur without rash and fever, emphasizing the importance of testing suspected individuals and revising mpox investigation guidelines accordingly. Surface cleaning with 70%-ethanol may reduce fomite transmissibility.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v17i1.266439
Ngan Hong Thi Le, P. Padungtod, Long Thanh Pham
Lumpy skin disease is a transboundary animal disease primarily affecting cattle, and causing fever, anorexia, skin nodules, mastitis, swelling of peripheral lymph nodes, nasal discharge, watery eyes, and sometimes mortality. The disease was first detected in Vietnam in October 2020 and has spread to 55 out of 63 provinces with around 210,000 cattle and buffaloes infected. Dak Lak was one of the provinces seriously affected by the disease. A retrospective case-control study in three districts of the province was conducted to assess awareness of the disease among local livestock holders and to determine potential risk factors for disease transmission. A total of 276 holdings known to keep cattle or buffalo, including 138 cases (holdings that had at least one animal with clinical signs of the disease) and 138 controls (holdings with no clinically apparent infected animal), were investigated. The study revealed gaps in knowledge and practices among livestock holders on disease control with median scores of 8/20 for knowledge and 5/9 for practices. Vaccination against lumpy skin disease was the only risk factor significantly associated with disease transmission (adjusted odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.72). We recommend raising the awareness of livestock owners about the risk factors of lumpy skin disease and the importance of vaccination for better prevention and control of outbreaks.
{"title":"Investigation of Risk Factors for Lumpy Skin Disease and Prevention Practices in Dak Lak, Vietnam, 2021–2022","authors":"Ngan Hong Thi Le, P. Padungtod, Long Thanh Pham","doi":"10.59096/osir.v17i1.266439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v17i1.266439","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpy skin disease is a transboundary animal disease primarily affecting cattle, and causing fever, anorexia, skin nodules, mastitis, swelling of peripheral lymph nodes, nasal discharge, watery eyes, and sometimes mortality. The disease was first detected in Vietnam in October 2020 and has spread to 55 out of 63 provinces with around 210,000 cattle and buffaloes infected. Dak Lak was one of the provinces seriously affected by the disease. A retrospective case-control study in three districts of the province was conducted to assess awareness of the disease among local livestock holders and to determine potential risk factors for disease transmission. A total of 276 holdings known to keep cattle or buffalo, including 138 cases (holdings that had at least one animal with clinical signs of the disease) and 138 controls (holdings with no clinically apparent infected animal), were investigated. The study revealed gaps in knowledge and practices among livestock holders on disease control with median scores of 8/20 for knowledge and 5/9 for practices. Vaccination against lumpy skin disease was the only risk factor significantly associated with disease transmission (adjusted odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.72). We recommend raising the awareness of livestock owners about the risk factors of lumpy skin disease and the importance of vaccination for better prevention and control of outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"100 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v17i1.265861
Suphanat Wongsanuphat, H. Praekunatham, Charuttaporn Jitpeera, P. Thammawijaya
In Northern Thailand, increasing seasonal agricultural residue burning has led to public concern about health risks. This study aimed to examine the associations between air pollutants related to agricultural residue burning and morbidity from acute cardiopulmonary diseases in upper Northern Thailand in 2018. An ecological study was conducted. Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and asthma were extracted from the National Electronic Health Record database. We interpolated air pollution data to estimate weekly pollutant concentrations, including PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone from 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2018. Associations between air pollution and health outcomes were analyzed using a mixed effect model incorporating different lag structures. Overall pollutant concentrations exceeded WHO air quality standard levels throughout March and April, which is the end of forest burning prohibition campaign. Morbidity from COPD, stroke, MI and asthma slightly increased over March–April. For every increase in PM2.5 level of 10 μg/m3, the relative risk of COPD, stroke, MI and asthma 1 week later was 1.10 (95% CI 1.09–1.12), 1.06 (1.05–1.08), 1.06 (1.04–1.08) and 1.06 (1.01–1.12), respectively. The effects of agricultural residue burning should be highlighted and policies should be developed to deter this practice.
{"title":"Association between Air Pollution Relating to Agricultural Residue Burning and Morbidity of Acute Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Upper Northern Thailand","authors":"Suphanat Wongsanuphat, H. Praekunatham, Charuttaporn Jitpeera, P. Thammawijaya","doi":"10.59096/osir.v17i1.265861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v17i1.265861","url":null,"abstract":"In Northern Thailand, increasing seasonal agricultural residue burning has led to public concern about health risks. This study aimed to examine the associations between air pollutants related to agricultural residue burning and morbidity from acute cardiopulmonary diseases in upper Northern Thailand in 2018. An ecological study was conducted. Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and asthma were extracted from the National Electronic Health Record database. We interpolated air pollution data to estimate weekly pollutant concentrations, including PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone from 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2018. Associations between air pollution and health outcomes were analyzed using a mixed effect model incorporating different lag structures. Overall pollutant concentrations exceeded WHO air quality standard levels throughout March and April, which is the end of forest burning prohibition campaign. Morbidity from COPD, stroke, MI and asthma slightly increased over March–April. For every increase in PM2.5 level of 10 μg/m3, the relative risk of COPD, stroke, MI and asthma 1 week later was 1.10 (95% CI 1.09–1.12), 1.06 (1.05–1.08), 1.06 (1.04–1.08) and 1.06 (1.01–1.12), respectively. The effects of agricultural residue burning should be highlighted and policies should be developed to deter this practice.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.59096/osir.v16i2.263899
J. Kaewkungwal
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{"title":"The Grammar of Science: Do you get what you measured?","authors":"J. Kaewkungwal","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i2.263899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i2.263899","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126073151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A COVID-19 cluster in a football academy, Buri Ram, Thailand, was notified in October 2021. We aimed to characterize the outbreak, identify the source of disease and risk factors for infection, and give recommendations for preventive measures. We conducted a descriptive study by interviewing cases and academy participants, and assessed ventilation measures at the academy via an environmental survey. We performed a retrospective cohort study among football players using Poisson regression to identify risk factors of COVID-19 infection presenting adjusted incidence rate ratios (AIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The attack rate was 22.4% (48/214). The median age was 14 years and 77.1% of patients had mild illnesses. All examined environmental surfaces tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The bedroom density had a strong relationship with attack rates among female bedrooms. Risk factors for infection were being high-risk close contact with the primary case (AIRR 5.4, 95% CI 2.2–12.9) and sleeping in crowded bedrooms (AIRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.14–5.15). Mask-wearing was a protective factor (AIRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.80). We recommend sports academies and schools encourage mask-wearing during an outbreak, provide living areas that conform to recommended density guidelines, and prepare an isolation or quarantine room for infected students.
2021年10月，泰国武里拉姆(Buri Ram)一所足球学院发现了COVID-19群集。我们的目的是确定疫情特征，确定疾病来源和感染风险因素，并提出预防措施建议。我们通过采访案例和学院参与者进行了描述性研究，并通过环境调查评估了学院的通风措施。我们采用泊松回归对足球运动员进行了回顾性队列研究，以校正发病率比(AIRR)和95%置信区间(CI)确定COVID-19感染的危险因素。发病率为22.4%(48/214)。中位年龄为14岁，77.1%的患者有轻微疾病。所有被检查的环境表面均检测为SARS-CoV-2阴性。女性卧室的密度与发病率有密切关系。感染的危险因素是与原发病例的高危密切接触(AIRR 5.4, 95% CI 2.2-12.9)和在拥挤的卧室睡觉(AIRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.14-5.15)。戴口罩是保护因素(AIRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13-0.80)。我们建议体育院校和学校鼓励在疫情期间佩戴口罩，提供符合建议密度指南的生活区，并为受感染的学生准备隔离或隔离室。
{"title":"Investigation of a COVID-19 Cluster in a Football Academy of Buri Ram, October 2021","authors":"Warodom Sornsurin, Krittinan Boonrampai, Ratchanee Srisopha, Petcharat Sophon, Siwawong Porntanakulapat, Julaluk Saisood, Kittisak Prakrongjai, Pimamporn Kampromma, Piyachat Pansirimongkonkul, Pinyada Chareansuk, Sattawat Sanmai, K. Monpangtiem, Wisaed Warissarangkul, R. Suphanchaimat","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i2.263761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i2.263761","url":null,"abstract":"A COVID-19 cluster in a football academy, Buri Ram, Thailand, was notified in October 2021. We aimed to characterize the outbreak, identify the source of disease and risk factors for infection, and give recommendations for preventive measures. We conducted a descriptive study by interviewing cases and academy participants, and assessed ventilation measures at the academy via an environmental survey. We performed a retrospective cohort study among football players using Poisson regression to identify risk factors of COVID-19 infection presenting adjusted incidence rate ratios (AIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The attack rate was 22.4% (48/214). The median age was 14 years and 77.1% of patients had mild illnesses. All examined environmental surfaces tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The bedroom density had a strong relationship with attack rates among female bedrooms. Risk factors for infection were being high-risk close contact with the primary case (AIRR 5.4, 95% CI 2.2–12.9) and sleeping in crowded bedrooms (AIRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.14–5.15). Mask-wearing was a protective factor (AIRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.80). We recommend sports academies and schools encourage mask-wearing during an outbreak, provide living areas that conform to recommended density guidelines, and prepare an isolation or quarantine room for infected students.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117025358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 14 Sep 2022, the Division of Epidemiology was notified of a cluster of food poisoning in a secondary school. We conducted an investigation to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, identify the causative agent, source of illness, and possible risks, and provide control measures. An electronic-based questionnaire was distributed to school members. Students and staff were interviewed. Inspection of the school canteen, water supply system, toilets, and hand-washing facilities as well as observation of personal and food hygiene practices among food handlers were done. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The overall attack rate was 40.4% (684/1,695). Most cases were students (95.9%). Thirteen out of twenty-eight rectal swabs were positive for rotavirus, with two being identified as genotype G3P[8]. Being exposed to foods or drinks from the school canteen was a significant risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.35, 95% CI 1.23–4.52), and bringing a drink to school was protective (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88). Although rotavirus was not detected in the environment, contamination of groundwater used for cooking and drinking was evident. We recommend routine water quality testing and installation of groundwater treatment to ensure the safety of the water supply.
2022年9月14日，流行病学司接到通报，一所中学发生了一系列食物中毒事件。我们开展了一项调查，以描述疫情的流行病学特征，确定病原体、疾病来源和可能的风险，并提出控制措施。向学校成员分发了一份电子问卷。学生和教职员工接受了采访。本署巡查了学校食堂、供水系统、厕所和洗手设施，并监察食物处理人员的个人及食物卫生习惯。进行回顾性队列研究。总攻击率为40.4%(684/ 1695)。大多数病例为学生(95.9%)。28例直肠拭子中有13例轮状病毒阳性，其中2例被鉴定为G3P基因型[8]。接触学校食堂的食物或饮料是显著的危险因素(调整优势比(AOR) 2.35, 95% CI 1.23-4.52)，带饮料到学校具有保护作用(AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.88)。虽然在环境中未检测到轮状病毒，但用于烹饪和饮用的地下水明显受到污染。我们建议定期进行水质测试和安装地下水处理装置，以确保供水安全。
{"title":"Gastroenteritis Outbreak of Rotavirus G3P[8] in a Secondary School in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, 2022","authors":"Siriyakorn Thanasitthichai, R. Suphanchaimat, Chanasan Sawangpol, Saruttaya Wongsuwanphon, Chanakan Duanyai, Peewara Boonwisat, Chettha Soudprakhon, Thanit Rattanathamsakul","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i2.263740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i2.263740","url":null,"abstract":"On 14 Sep 2022, the Division of Epidemiology was notified of a cluster of food poisoning in a secondary school. We conducted an investigation to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, identify the causative agent, source of illness, and possible risks, and provide control measures. An electronic-based questionnaire was distributed to school members. Students and staff were interviewed. Inspection of the school canteen, water supply system, toilets, and hand-washing facilities as well as observation of personal and food hygiene practices among food handlers were done. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The overall attack rate was 40.4% (684/1,695). Most cases were students (95.9%). Thirteen out of twenty-eight rectal swabs were positive for rotavirus, with two being identified as genotype G3P[8]. Being exposed to foods or drinks from the school canteen was a significant risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.35, 95% CI 1.23–4.52), and bringing a drink to school was protective (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88). Although rotavirus was not detected in the environment, contamination of groundwater used for cooking and drinking was evident. We recommend routine water quality testing and installation of groundwater treatment to ensure the safety of the water supply.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124161303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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