On 1 Dec 2020, the Thai Department of Disease Control was notified of five COVID-19 infections among passengers on a flight from Switzerland to Thailand. The objectives of this investigation were to confirm the outbreak, describe epidemiological characteristics, and identify the source of infection. We performed a descriptive study and contact tracing among the flight’s passengers. We interviewed the cases and reviewed their medical records, as well as an environmental survey of the state quarantine facility. Whole genome sequencing to determine the percentage alignment identity for RT-PCR-positive cases was conducted. Thirteen infected passengers out of 107 people on the flight (12.1%) were identified. The suspected index case was a symptomatic passenger, non-mask-wearing passenger. Five of the 13 confirmed cases shared a similar genomic pattern (98–100% alignment identity), and four cases sat within one row either in front of or behind the suspected index case. The genomes of the cases were more similar to each other than those uploaded to the GISAID database from Switzerland. The symptomatic COVID-19 passenger without mask wearing was suspected to be the source. Mask wearing should be mandated on flight to prevent spreading of respiratory infectious diseases.
{"title":"Investigation of a COVID-19 Cluster Suspected In-flight Transmission, December 2020","authors":"Thananan Jivaramonaikul, Pilailuk Akkapaiboon Okada, Nuengruethai Srisong, Watcharee Kanchana-udom, Pantila Taweewigyakarn","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i1.262096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i1.262096","url":null,"abstract":"On 1 Dec 2020, the Thai Department of Disease Control was notified of five COVID-19 infections among passengers on a flight from Switzerland to Thailand. The objectives of this investigation were to confirm the outbreak, describe epidemiological characteristics, and identify the source of infection. We performed a descriptive study and contact tracing among the flight’s passengers. We interviewed the cases and reviewed their medical records, as well as an environmental survey of the state quarantine facility. Whole genome sequencing to determine the percentage alignment identity for RT-PCR-positive cases was conducted. Thirteen infected passengers out of 107 people on the flight (12.1%) were identified. The suspected index case was a symptomatic passenger, non-mask-wearing passenger. Five of the 13 confirmed cases shared a similar genomic pattern (98–100% alignment identity), and four cases sat within one row either in front of or behind the suspected index case. The genomes of the cases were more similar to each other than those uploaded to the GISAID database from Switzerland. The symptomatic COVID-19 passenger without mask wearing was suspected to be the source. Mask wearing should be mandated on flight to prevent spreading of respiratory infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v16i1.262097
J. Kaewkungwal
-
-
{"title":"The Grammar of Science: How “Good” is Your Instrument?","authors":"J. Kaewkungwal","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i1.262097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i1.262097","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121195101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v16i1.262039
Kanokkarn Sawangsrisutikul, T. Chuxnum, Pitiphon Promduangsi, Nipapan Saritapirak, R. Suphanchaimat
Thailand implemented pre-flight screening (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 within 72 hours before departure) to mitigate the importation of COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with COVID-19 infection and assess the effectiveness of pre-flight screening among passengers on an India-to-Thailand flight in August 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between the possession of COVID-Free Certificate (CFC) and a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result upon arrival. Twenty-three of 209 passengers (11.0%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Among 142 CFC holders, 10 (7.0%) tested positive, while 13 of 58 (22.4%) passengers without a CFC tested positive upon arrival (p-value 0.003), equivalent to a case reduction of 68.8%. CFC possession yielded an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.04 (95% CI 0.01–0.44). Being a massage therapist (AOR 17.04, 95% CI 2.37–122.37) and using public transportation in India (AOR 5.30, 95% CI 1.49–18.77) were significantly associated with COVID-19 infection. With the unavailability of vaccines, people should be mindful of taking local public transportation during a pandemic, particularly when planning to travel abroad. Pre-flight screening is an effective method in reducing positive cases from international travel.
泰国实施了飞行前筛查(在起飞前72小时内对SARS-CoV-2进行逆转录聚合酶链反应测试)，以减少大流行早期COVID-19的输入。我们进行了一项横断面研究，以确定与2019冠状病毒病感染相关的因素，并评估2020年8月印度至泰国航班上乘客飞行前筛查的有效性。采用Logistic回归方法确定持有无冠状病毒证书(CFC)与抵达时SARS-CoV-2检测结果阳性之间的关系。209名乘客中有23人(11.0%)检测呈阳性。在142名携带氟氯烃的乘客中，有10人(7.0%)检测呈阳性，而58名未携带氟氯烃的乘客中有13人(22.4%)在抵达时检测呈阳性(p值0.003)，相当于减少了68.8%。CFC占有的校正优势比(AOR)为0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.44)。在印度，按摩治疗师(AOR 17.04, 95% CI 2.37-122.37)和使用公共交通工具(AOR 5.30, 95% CI 1.49-18.77)与COVID-19感染显著相关。由于缺乏疫苗，人们在大流行期间应注意乘坐当地公共交通工具，特别是在计划出国旅行时。飞行前筛查是减少国际旅行中阳性病例的有效方法。
{"title":"Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection and the Effectiveness of Pre-flight Screening from an Investigation of an International Flight to Thailand, 2020","authors":"Kanokkarn Sawangsrisutikul, T. Chuxnum, Pitiphon Promduangsi, Nipapan Saritapirak, R. Suphanchaimat","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i1.262039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i1.262039","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand implemented pre-flight screening (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 within 72 hours before departure) to mitigate the importation of COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with COVID-19 infection and assess the effectiveness of pre-flight screening among passengers on an India-to-Thailand flight in August 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between the possession of COVID-Free Certificate (CFC) and a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result upon arrival. Twenty-three of 209 passengers (11.0%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Among 142 CFC holders, 10 (7.0%) tested positive, while 13 of 58 (22.4%) passengers without a CFC tested positive upon arrival (p-value 0.003), equivalent to a case reduction of 68.8%. CFC possession yielded an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.04 (95% CI 0.01–0.44). Being a massage therapist (AOR 17.04, 95% CI 2.37–122.37) and using public transportation in India (AOR 5.30, 95% CI 1.49–18.77) were significantly associated with COVID-19 infection. With the unavailability of vaccines, people should be mindful of taking local public transportation during a pandemic, particularly when planning to travel abroad. Pre-flight screening is an effective method in reducing positive cases from international travel.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124021945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.59096/osir.v16i1.261880
R. Techasuwanna, S. Iamsirithaworn, Nuttawoot Photisan, H. Lerdsamran, J. Prasertsopon, P. Thammawijaya, Bhurinud Salakij, W. Phumratanaprapin, P. Puthavathana
After the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand in 2020, there was no data related to preventive behaviors against COVID-19 infection and prevalence of previous infections among frontline immigration police, which could be used to implement health promotion and adapt preventive methods in the organization. All frontline immigration police officers working at Don Mueang International Airport, Bangkok, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study in May 2020. The objectives were to describe their preventive behaviors and determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using conventional neutralization assays and ELISA tests. There were 201 eligible participants. All were asked to fill in a questionnaire, which asked them to disclose their preventive behaviors against COVID-19 infection. All were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from natural infection as vaccines were not available at that time. The most practiced preventive behaviors were wearing a mask at work and wearing a mask in daily life, while taking sick leave when suffering from respiratory symptoms was the least practiced behavior. No SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in any participant. Reasons for not taking sick leave, when necessary, should be investigated in further qualitative studies.
{"title":"Preventive Behaviors and Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies from Natural Infection among Immigration Police Working at Don Mueang International Airport, Thailand, before the COVID-19 Vaccination Era","authors":"R. Techasuwanna, S. Iamsirithaworn, Nuttawoot Photisan, H. Lerdsamran, J. Prasertsopon, P. Thammawijaya, Bhurinud Salakij, W. Phumratanaprapin, P. Puthavathana","doi":"10.59096/osir.v16i1.261880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v16i1.261880","url":null,"abstract":"After the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand in 2020, there was no data related to preventive behaviors against COVID-19 infection and prevalence of previous infections among frontline immigration police, which could be used to implement health promotion and adapt preventive methods in the organization. All frontline immigration police officers working at Don Mueang International Airport, Bangkok, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study in May 2020. The objectives were to describe their preventive behaviors and determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using conventional neutralization assays and ELISA tests. There were 201 eligible participants. All were asked to fill in a questionnaire, which asked them to disclose their preventive behaviors against COVID-19 infection. All were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from natural infection as vaccines were not available at that time. The most practiced preventive behaviors were wearing a mask at work and wearing a mask in daily life, while taking sick leave when suffering from respiratory symptoms was the least practiced behavior. No SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in any participant. Reasons for not taking sick leave, when necessary, should be investigated in further qualitative studies.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133519471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i4.262276
S. Siriruttanapruk, Rachaneekorn Chomsuan, P. Issarapan, H. Praekunatham
Several chemicals, including occupational carcinogens (OCs), have been used in Thailand. Apart from asbestos and silica, other OCs need to be identified for further monitoring and management. The study aimed to identify and conduct priority setting of these carcinogens in Thailand. The methods of the study were applied from Hanlon’s method for priority setting. The first step was to identify OCs from the lists of the National Hazardous Substance Registry by using the criteria as follows: 1) being classified as OCs by Loomis et al., and 2) having high amount of import/export in the country during 2018–2020. After that, the identified agents were ranked according to three criteria: 1) size of the problem, 2) severity of the problem, and 3) feasibility of interventions. The results found that 18 occupational carcinogens were identified and 12 of them were still allowed to be used in the country. According to available information, seven agents were matched for priority setting, and the top three scored OCs included 1) arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, 2) trichloroethylene, and 3) formaldehyde. Further action plan includes health risk assessment, setting up of health surveillance, and implementation of preventive and control measures in the target workplaces.
{"title":"Identification and Priority Setting for Occupational Carcinogens (OCs) in Industries in Thailand","authors":"S. Siriruttanapruk, Rachaneekorn Chomsuan, P. Issarapan, H. Praekunatham","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i4.262276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i4.262276","url":null,"abstract":"Several chemicals, including occupational carcinogens (OCs), have been used in Thailand. Apart from asbestos and silica, other OCs need to be identified for further monitoring and management. The study aimed to identify and conduct priority setting of these carcinogens in Thailand. The methods of the study were applied from Hanlon’s method for priority setting. The first step was to identify OCs from the lists of the National Hazardous Substance Registry by using the criteria as follows: 1) being classified as OCs by Loomis et al., and 2) having high amount of import/export in the country during 2018–2020. After that, the identified agents were ranked according to three criteria: 1) size of the problem, 2) severity of the problem, and 3) feasibility of interventions. The results found that 18 occupational carcinogens were identified and 12 of them were still allowed to be used in the country. According to available information, seven agents were matched for priority setting, and the top three scored OCs included 1) arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, 2) trichloroethylene, and 3) formaldehyde. Further action plan includes health risk assessment, setting up of health surveillance, and implementation of preventive and control measures in the target workplaces.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i4.262274
H. Praekunatham, Sutatip Buranasatitnon, Hansa Ruksakom
COVID-19 outbreaks in business establishments cause a stagnant economy. In Thailand, the COVID-19 situation in business establishments has never been investigated. This study aims to (1) describe the situation and (2) compare characteristics, including spatial patterns, of COVID-19 cases in business establishments between the Delta (July–December 2021) and Omicron (January–May 2022) predominant periods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data extracted from the Department of Disease Control’s database, which was linked to listed company and factory databases. The study population included all reported COVID-19 cases. The proportions of case characteristics between the delta and omicron dominant periods were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test. Spatial autocorrelation was tested using Moran’s I statistics. During July 2021–May 2022, 443,448 COVID-19 cases were reported in business establishments. The proportions of cases in factories and construction camps decreased from 41.3% and 6.7% in the Delta dominant period to 14.4% and 1.7% in the Omicron dominant period, respectively. A high number of cases occurred in businesses operating food production, wholesale/retail, transportation, and accommodation. Clustering patterns were evident in the central and eastern regions of Thailand where many business establishments are located. Public health agencies should promote organizational COVID-19 prevention measures and increase worker’s awareness in high-risk industries.
{"title":"Situation and Spatial Analysis of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Business Establishments: Comparison between the Delta and Omicron Variants in Thailand, July 2021–May 2022","authors":"H. Praekunatham, Sutatip Buranasatitnon, Hansa Ruksakom","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i4.262274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i4.262274","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 outbreaks in business establishments cause a stagnant economy. In Thailand, the COVID-19 situation in business establishments has never been investigated. This study aims to (1) describe the situation and (2) compare characteristics, including spatial patterns, of COVID-19 cases in business establishments between the Delta (July–December 2021) and Omicron (January–May 2022) predominant periods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data extracted from the Department of Disease Control’s database, which was linked to listed company and factory databases. The study population included all reported COVID-19 cases. The proportions of case characteristics between the delta and omicron dominant periods were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test. Spatial autocorrelation was tested using Moran’s I statistics. During July 2021–May 2022, 443,448 COVID-19 cases were reported in business establishments. The proportions of cases in factories and construction camps decreased from 41.3% and 6.7% in the Delta dominant period to 14.4% and 1.7% in the Omicron dominant period, respectively. A high number of cases occurred in businesses operating food production, wholesale/retail, transportation, and accommodation. Clustering patterns were evident in the central and eastern regions of Thailand where many business establishments are located. Public health agencies should promote organizational COVID-19 prevention measures and increase worker’s awareness in high-risk industries.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126416652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i4.262273
Nichakul Pisitpayat, R. Rangsin, Kanlaya Jongcherdchootrakul, C. Namwat, A. Mungaomklang, W. Hanshaoworakul
In March 2020, clusters of COVID-19 cases were reported among attendees of a boxing stadium in Bangkok. This study aimed to investigate and describe the outbreak and identify its source. We conducted a descriptive analysis of cases and transmission patterns, performed a walk-through survey and interviewed stadium staffs for possible factors related to disease spreading. COVID-19 cases were those who had a history of visiting Bangkok or the Bangkok Metropolitan boxing stadiums, or contacting confirmed cases visiting boxing stadiums within 14 days of developing symptoms with laboratory confirmation using the RT-PCR method. An active case finding was accomplished through social media and the national disease surveillance system. High-risk contacts were self-quarantined and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected. Attack rate among boxing event attendees on 6 Mar 2020 was 11.0% (268/2,431). Attack rate among contacts of the first generation was 5.4% (110/2,024), and the second-generation contacts was 2.6% (6/229). Behavioral risks during the event included cheering and gambling among attendees. Some did not wear face masks. We recommend postponing all sporting matches as the most reasonable practice during an epidemic. To prevent and control future outbreaks, gambling should be restricted or limited to online payment and strict control measures should be considered.
{"title":"First-generation Cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related to Boxing Stadiums in Bangkok and the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, March 2020","authors":"Nichakul Pisitpayat, R. Rangsin, Kanlaya Jongcherdchootrakul, C. Namwat, A. Mungaomklang, W. Hanshaoworakul","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i4.262273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i4.262273","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2020, clusters of COVID-19 cases were reported among attendees of a boxing stadium in Bangkok. This study aimed to investigate and describe the outbreak and identify its source. We conducted a descriptive analysis of cases and transmission patterns, performed a walk-through survey and interviewed stadium staffs for possible factors related to disease spreading. COVID-19 cases were those who had a history of visiting Bangkok or the Bangkok Metropolitan boxing stadiums, or contacting confirmed cases visiting boxing stadiums within 14 days of developing symptoms with laboratory confirmation using the RT-PCR method. An active case finding was accomplished through social media and the national disease surveillance system. High-risk contacts were self-quarantined and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected. Attack rate among boxing event attendees on 6 Mar 2020 was 11.0% (268/2,431). Attack rate among contacts of the first generation was 5.4% (110/2,024), and the second-generation contacts was 2.6% (6/229). Behavioral risks during the event included cheering and gambling among attendees. Some did not wear face masks. We recommend postponing all sporting matches as the most reasonable practice during an epidemic. To prevent and control future outbreaks, gambling should be restricted or limited to online payment and strict control measures should be considered.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115910399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i4.262278
J. Kaewkungwal
-
-
{"title":"The Grammar of Science: “Dummy” That Is Not So Dummy!","authors":"J. Kaewkungwal","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i4.262278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i4.262278","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133232898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i4.262277
P. Prempree, A. Mungaomklang, Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai, T. Phodha, Pakakrong Kwankhao, Kanokwan Chewchuapun, C. Charuenporn, Darika Monta, Thanawut Karapakdee
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two herbal medicines, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees capsule (AP) and Boesenbergia rotunda (Linn.) Mansf. extract capsule (BR), on the rate of SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance among inmates of Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Cases with mild COVID-19 were allocated into four groups: four capsules of AP thrice daily (n=30), one capsule of BR once daily (n=30), a combination of AP and BR (AP-BR) (n=30), or favipiravir (n=30) for five days. The primary outcome was time until undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection after starting treatment. The median period of SARS-CoV-2 clearance was shorter in the AP and AP-BR groups (9 days) compared to the BR (11 days) and favipiravir (13 days) groups. No one developed pneumonia; however, one participant in the AP group developed hyperkalemia. Our results suggest that A. paniculata with or without B. rotunda may be used as an alternative treatment for mild COVID-19 when access to favipiravir is limited. Further clinical trials are needed to determine their efficacy and safety
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Clearance from Andrographis paniculata, Boesenbergia rotunda, and Favipiravir among Mild COVID-19 Cases in Klong Prem Central Prison during Mid-2021: a Retrospective Study","authors":"P. Prempree, A. Mungaomklang, Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai, T. Phodha, Pakakrong Kwankhao, Kanokwan Chewchuapun, C. Charuenporn, Darika Monta, Thanawut Karapakdee","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i4.262277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i4.262277","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two herbal medicines, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees capsule (AP) and Boesenbergia rotunda (Linn.) Mansf. extract capsule (BR), on the rate of SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance among inmates of Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Cases with mild COVID-19 were allocated into four groups: four capsules of AP thrice daily (n=30), one capsule of BR once daily (n=30), a combination of AP and BR (AP-BR) (n=30), or favipiravir (n=30) for five days. The primary outcome was time until undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection after starting treatment. The median period of SARS-CoV-2 clearance was shorter in the AP and AP-BR groups (9 days) compared to the BR (11 days) and favipiravir (13 days) groups. No one developed pneumonia; however, one participant in the AP group developed hyperkalemia. Our results suggest that A. paniculata with or without B. rotunda may be used as an alternative treatment for mild COVID-19 when access to favipiravir is limited. Further clinical trials are needed to determine their efficacy and safety","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126057543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.59096/osir.v15i3.262362
Sein Hlyan Bo, R. Suphanchaimat
Leprosy has been a public health problem in Myanmar for many centuries. This study aims to explore the situation of leprosy and the association between leprosy and social determinants at the township level in seven endemic regions in Myanmar. The objectives of the study are to (i) describe the incidence and severity of leprosy and the disability due to leprosy in Myanmar between 2016 and 2019, and (ii) determine the correlation between leprosy incidence and social determinants in Myanmar in 2019. We used annual surveillance data of leprosy cases between 2016 and 2019 from the National Leprosy Control Program, Myanmar, and social determinant variables from the 2019 General Administration Department Census Report of Myanmar. An ecological cross-sectional study was conducted. Univariable and multivariable analyses applying zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used. A geographic information system mapping was used to visualize leprosy cases, disease severity, and disability due to leprosy between 2016 and 2019. The number of all leprosy indicators changing pattern was seen obvious between regions. The eastern region showed relatively an increase in detection of new cases in 2019 compared with years 2017 and 2018. The increase in the detection of multibacillary leprosy cases was also observed in the eastern region during this period. Yet, the detection of Grade-II disability cases across regions remained relatively stable throughout study years. The number of tuberculosis cases per 1,000 population was significantly correlated with leprosy incidence at the township level (risk ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.55). These findings highlight the importance of enhancing active case finding campaigns in high-endemic regions, especially the eastern states of Myanmar. Integration of leprosy and tuberculosis case-finding programmes is likely to help leverage resources and maximize efforts to cope with leprosy problems in Myanmar.
{"title":"Social Determinants and Leprosy in High Endemic Regions of Myanmar: an Ecological Study between 2016 and 2019","authors":"Sein Hlyan Bo, R. Suphanchaimat","doi":"10.59096/osir.v15i3.262362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59096/osir.v15i3.262362","url":null,"abstract":"Leprosy has been a public health problem in Myanmar for many centuries. This study aims to explore the situation of leprosy and the association between leprosy and social determinants at the township level in seven endemic regions in Myanmar. The objectives of the study are to (i) describe the incidence and severity of leprosy and the disability due to leprosy in Myanmar between 2016 and 2019, and (ii) determine the correlation between leprosy incidence and social determinants in Myanmar in 2019. We used annual surveillance data of leprosy cases between 2016 and 2019 from the National Leprosy Control Program, Myanmar, and social determinant variables from the 2019 General Administration Department Census Report of Myanmar. An ecological cross-sectional study was conducted. Univariable and multivariable analyses applying zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used. A geographic information system mapping was used to visualize leprosy cases, disease severity, and disability due to leprosy between 2016 and 2019. The number of all leprosy indicators changing pattern was seen obvious between regions. The eastern region showed relatively an increase in detection of new cases in 2019 compared with years 2017 and 2018. The increase in the detection of multibacillary leprosy cases was also observed in the eastern region during this period. Yet, the detection of Grade-II disability cases across regions remained relatively stable throughout study years. The number of tuberculosis cases per 1,000 population was significantly correlated with leprosy incidence at the township level (risk ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.55). These findings highlight the importance of enhancing active case finding campaigns in high-endemic regions, especially the eastern states of Myanmar. Integration of leprosy and tuberculosis case-finding programmes is likely to help leverage resources and maximize efforts to cope with leprosy problems in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":296285,"journal":{"name":"Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133101962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：