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Historical meaning of post-Fukushima social movements: Crisis in hegemony in postwar Japan and prefigurative politics in the 2010s 后福岛社会运动的历史意义:战后日本霸权危机与2010年代的前瞻性政治
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12144
Chigaya Kinoshita

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 and the nuclear power plant accident, a number of movements have emerged in Japanese society, including the anti-nuclear power movement and others with a variety of agendas. The social movements of the 2010s in Japan have expanded along with the spread of social networking services and have brought together a new class of people who are different from those of the established movements. This article will compare and examine the social movements of the 2010s with those of the past, as well as the function they played in the social structure. In the early 2020s, a structural crisis in the political and economic foundations of postwar Japan has become apparent. The Japanese social movements of the 2010s were movements that pressed for the transformation of the old social system as well as the transformation of the old anti-system movements. Thus, this movement had the distinction of prefiguring a fundamental shift in the confrontational frame of reference between conservatism and progressivism that had shaped postwar Japan. This article will discuss the historical significance of the Japanese social movements of the 2010s in light of the structural factors behind the decline of the social base of both conservative and progressive forces.

自2011年3月东日本大地震和核电站事故以来,日本社会出现了一系列运动,包括反核电运动和其他议程多样的运动。2010年代日本的社会运动随着社交网络服务的普及而扩大,并聚集了一批不同于老牌运动的新人群。本文将比较和考察2010年代的社会运动与过去的社会运动,以及它们在社会结构中所起的作用。20世纪20年代初,战后日本的政治和经济基础出现了结构性危机。2010年代的日本社会运动是推动旧社会制度转型的运动,也是推动旧反制度运动转型的运动。因此,这场运动的不同之处在于,预示着战后日本形成的保守主义和进步主义之间对抗性参照系的根本转变。本文将从保守派和进步派社会基础衰落背后的结构性因素入手,探讨2010年代日本社会运动的历史意义。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstruction and resilience after Fukushima: A critical analysis of nuclear risk and disaster 福岛核事故后的重建和恢复能力:对核风险和核灾难的批判性分析
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12146
Rina Kojima

This article revisits the concept of reconstruction in light of the Fukushima nuclear accident on March 11, 2011. It also offers an analysis of the reconstruction policy launched by the Japanese authorities in the context of the risk due to low-dose radiation. What does reconstruction mean after this nuclear disaster? What kind of reconstruction is considered possible in the contaminated territories by those affected by this disaster and confronted with this long-term health and environmental risk? To answer these questions, this article first examines the concept of reconstruction—very close to that of resilience in the Japanese context—which has sparked a controversy within the social sciences, at both national and international level. Second, based on more than 100 interviews conducted between 2013 and 2016 across the entire Nippon archipelago, this article analyzes the reconstruction policy's socio-cultural consequences on the victims of this disaster who leave, stay or return to the contaminated territories. Finally, it proposes a new approach to the reconstruction of Fukushima, one which would support the process of resilience at the individual and collective levels.

鉴于2011年3月11日发生的福岛核事故,本文重新审视了重建的概念。它还分析了日本当局在低剂量辐射风险的背景下推出的重建政策。这次核灾难后的重建意味着什么?受这场灾难影响并面临这种长期健康和环境风险的人们认为,在受污染的地区可以进行什么样的重建?为了回答这些问题,本文首先考察了重建的概念——非常接近日本背景下的复原力——这在国家和国际层面上引发了社会科学界的争议。其次,基于2013年至2016年间在整个日本群岛进行的100多次采访,本文分析了重建政策对这场灾难中离开、留下或返回受污染地区的受害者的社会文化影响。最后,它提出了一种重建福岛的新方法,这种方法将支持个人和集体层面的复原进程。
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引用次数: 1
Quality of Life in Japan. Contemporary Perspectives on Happiness. Ming-Chang Tsai and Noriko Iwai. Singapore: Springer, 2020. pp. 225, JPY 12,154 (ISBN: 9811389098, paperback) 日本的生活质量。当代幸福观。Ming‐Chang Tsai和NorikoIwai。新加坡:施普林格,2020年。第225页,12154日元(ISBN:9811389098,平装本)
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12139
Carola Hommerich
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引用次数: 0
Social change in Japan, 1989–2019: Social status, social consciousness, attitudes and values. Carola Hommerich, Naoki Sudo, and Toru KikkawaLondon: Routledge, 2021. pp. x and 175, £96.00 (hardback ISBN 978-0-367-35377-3) 1989–2019年日本社会变革:社会地位、社会意识、态度和价值观。CarolaHommerich、NaokiSudo和ToruKikawaLondon:Routledge,2021。第x和175页,96.00英镑(精装版ISBN 978‐0‐367‐35377‐3)
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12131
David Chiavacci
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引用次数: 0
Issue Information - IFA 发行信息- IFA
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12127
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引用次数: 0
Social Movements and Political Activism in Contemporary Japan: Re-emerging from Invisibility. David Chiavacci and Julia Obinger (eds.) Routledge, London and New York. 2018. 大卫 Chiavacci和Julia 奥宾格主编:《当代日本的社会运动与政治激进主义:从隐形中重新崛起》。劳特利奇,伦敦和纽约。2018
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12134
Daishiro Nomiya
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引用次数: 0
Living with suicidal feelings: Japanese non-profit organizations for suicide prevention amid the COVID-19 pandemic 带着自杀的感觉生活:在COVID - 19大流行期间,日本预防自杀的非营利组织
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12138
Yoko Yamada

The number of suicides in Japan increased for the first time in 11 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend is particularly high among employed women and students. The Japanese government expanded its budget for providing telephone and social network service (SNS) counseling by prefectures and non-profit organizations (NPOs). On the basis of interviews with the chairman as well as counselors of an NPO in Osaka (Japan) that has provided telephone counseling services on suicide for over 40 years, this study examines suicide and suicide prevention amid the COVID-19 pandemic with a particular focus on how suicidal feelings are accepted. The results clarify that people do not wish to die just because of financial troubles or health problems; rather, they have lost the meaning in their life in the conflicts between social conditions and their personal life histories. Additionally, as volunteer counselors often experience the suicide of close relatives, their empathy for a caller may be based on their experiences of being overwhelmed by the realization of the otherness of others. They do not regard the acceptance of suicidal feelings as a “job,” but act as “friends.” Although modern society conceals death and suicide cases, the key to achieving a society where no one is driven into committing suicide is to place human life and human rights first as well as to talk about suicide and suicidal feelings without making the subject taboo or an aberration.

摘要日本自杀人数11年来首次上升 新冠肺炎疫情期间的几年。这一趋势在就业妇女和学生中尤为突出。日本政府扩大了由县和非营利组织提供电话和社交网络服务(SNS)咨询的预算。根据对大阪(日本)一家非营利组织主席和顾问的采访,该组织为40多人提供了自杀电话咨询服务 多年来,这项研究考察了新冠肺炎疫情期间的自杀和自杀预防,特别关注自杀情绪是如何被接受的。研究结果表明,人们不希望仅仅因为经济问题或健康问题而死亡;相反,在社会条件和个人生活史之间的冲突中,他们失去了生活的意义。此外,由于志愿咨询师经常经历近亲自杀的经历,他们对来电者的同情可能是基于他们被他人的另类意识所淹没的经历。他们不把接受自杀情绪视为“工作”,而是充当“朋友”。尽管现代社会隐瞒死亡和自杀案件,但实现一个没有人被迫自杀的社会的关键是把人的生命和人权放在首位,并在不使主题成为禁忌或失常的情况下谈论自杀和自杀情绪。
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引用次数: 1
Domestic help and the gender division of domestic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic: Gender inequality among Japanese parents 新冠肺炎疫情期间的家务助理和家务劳动的性别分工:日本父母之间的性别不平等
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12137
Junko Nishimura

The enduring COVID-19 pandemic has gradually transformed our everyday lives. This study focuses on changes in work and family arrangements, with particular focus on changes in domestic help, and examines its impact on the division of domestic labor. Using a social survey of work and the family conducted in November 2020 and May 2021, the results show that from January 2020 (pre-pandemic) to May 2021, approximately 40% of respondents experienced a reduced gender gap for housework and childcare, while a large gender gap is still observed in the absolute frequency of undertaking domestic labor. Some lifestyle changes triggered by the pandemic, such as an increase in the use of takeaways or delivery meals, and the expansion of working from home, are found to be able to contribute a shift toward more equal sharing of domestic labor. However, the fact that the access to such lifestyle changes is more common among those with a relatively high income or high educational background suggests that the lifestyle changes imposed by the pandemic may exacerbate class disparities in the gender gap in domestic labor. Furthermore, the results show that decreased kinship support results in a greater childcare burden being placed on women.

摘要持续的新冠肺炎疫情逐渐改变了我们的日常生活。本研究关注工作和家庭安排的变化,特别关注家务劳动的变化,并考察其对家务劳动分工的影响。使用2020年11月和2021年5月进行的一项关于工作和家庭的社会调查,结果显示,从2020年1月(疫情前)到2021年5月份,约40%的受访者在家务和育儿方面的性别差距有所缩小,而在从事家务劳动的绝对频率方面仍然存在很大的性别差距。疫情引发的一些生活方式变化,如外卖或送餐的使用增加,以及在家工作的扩大,被发现有助于向更平等地分担家务劳动的方向转变。然而,这种生活方式的改变在那些收入相对较高或教育背景较高的人中更为常见,这一事实表明,疫情带来的生活方式改变可能会加剧家庭劳动力性别差距的阶级差异。此外,研究结果表明,亲属关系支持的减少导致妇女承担更大的育儿负担。
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引用次数: 3
Regional disparities in bonding and bridging social capital: An empirical study of rural and urban Japan 连结与桥接社会资本的区域差异:日本城乡的实证研究
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12130
Ziyi Qin, Katsuya Tanaka, Shunji Matsuoka

This article investigates regional social capital development by focusing on disparities in bonding and bridging social capital among rural and urban areas of Japan. Rural–urban differences in social capital in Western contexts have been discussed by many studies. Their main finding is that bonding social capital is richer in rural areas and bridging social capital is richer in urban areas. However, the empirical evidence presented in this article suggests that in Japan both bridging and bonding social capital are richer in rural than urban areas, diverging from traditional thinking about these two types of social capital. This finding suggests that urbanization and depopulation in rural areas of Japan have led to changes in people's behavior and their demand for social networks, promoting the development of bridging social capital in rural areas.

本文通过对日本农村和城市之间社会资本联系和桥梁差异的研究,探讨了区域社会资本的发展。西方背景下的城乡社会资本差异已经被许多研究讨论过。他们的主要发现是,结合社会资本在农村地区更丰富,而桥接社会资本在城市地区更丰富。然而,本文提供的经验证据表明,在日本,农村地区的桥梁和纽带社会资本都比城市地区丰富,这与传统上对这两种社会资本的看法不同。这一发现表明,日本农村地区的城市化和人口减少导致了人们的行为和社会网络需求的变化,促进了农村地区桥接社会资本的发展。
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引用次数: 5
Introduction: Challenges of COVID-19 pandemic to Japanese society 导言:COVID - 19大流行对日本社会的挑战
Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12136
Jun Imai
<p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect our daily life. Since its outbreak in early 2020, it has been a primary issue that defines people's lives around the globe. The new virus impacts members of society across the world. Sociologically, it has been an experimental situation under which it is possible to observe how different societies handle the health, economic, social, and cultural risks.<sup>1</sup> This special issue outlines how the social institutions of governance, employment, and work and life arrangement as well as people's lives and existence in Japan are impacted and how societies have responded to the risks caused by the pandemic.</p><p>Although the situation resembles an experimental condition, it is necessary to recognize that each region has its own biological and social-historical context. The physical impact of the virus seems to vary across regions. Figure 1 shows an international comparison of death by COVID-19 (cumulative COVID-19 deaths per million people).</p><p>It is clear from Figure 1 that the physical impact of the virus is quite different between Western and Asian societies. Considering the difference in the policy responses of Western cultures, where stringent measures were taken such as lockdowns, the higher death toll in Western societies indicates that there should be a biological precondition, factor X, that produces “mysteriously low COVID-19 infection and deaths in Japan and neighboring [countries]” (<i>The Japan Times</i>, December 11, <span>2021</span>). It is said that the historical experience of exposure to similar viruses made the DNA of Asians resistant to COVID-19. Social and cultural explanations are pointed out, too: mask-wearing, hand-washing, and a strong awareness of public hygiene have been part of Japanese culture since before the spread of the new virus, which may explain the differential impact at least partially (Gordon <span>2021</span>; <i>The Japan Times</i>, May 28, <span>2020</span>).</p><p>However, for future international comparison, it is still meaningful to evaluate and report how Japan's social institutions and social relations responded to the situation. Since the pandemic is primarily a health problem, the situation tests how the medical and social security policies and institutions protect people's lives. It is an economic problem as the regulations, such as the declaration of a state of emergency,<sup>2</sup> targeted some economic activities, especially those involving face-to-face interactions, which were forced to slow down. It is also a social problem as the medical and economic crisis put various social relations under pressure. Employment is hurt, quantitatively and qualitatively. Local communities are in crisis; their traditional cultures are in danger of extinction. Some people are put in vulnerable situations where they face an existential threat. This special issue addresses these issues by turning to experts in respective fields of socio
2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行继续影响我们的日常生活。自2020年初爆发以来,它一直是定义全球人民生活的主要问题。这种新病毒影响着全世界的社会成员。从社会学角度来看,这是一种实验性的情况,在这种情况下,可以观察不同的社会如何处理健康、经济、社会和文化风险。1本特刊概述了日本治理、就业、工作和生活安排的社会制度以及人民的生活和生存如何受到影响,以及社会如何应对疫情造成的风险。尽管这种情况类似于一种实验条件,但有必要认识到,每个地区都有自己的生物和社会历史背景。病毒的物理影响似乎因地区而异。图1显示了新冠肺炎死亡人数的国际比较(每百万人中累计新冠肺炎死亡人数)。
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Japanese Journal of Sociology
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