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Japanese Journal of Sociology最新文献

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Issue Information - IFA 发行信息- IFA
Pub Date : 2017-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12056
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the Experiences of Highly Skilled Labor Migrants in Sweden and Japan: Barriers and Doors to Long-term Settlement 瑞典和日本高技能劳动力移民的经验比较:长期定居的障碍和大门
Pub Date : 2016-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12054
Sayaka Osanami Törngren, Hilary J. Holbrow

As labor markets become increasingly global, competition among industrialized nations to attract highly skilled workers from abroad has intensified. Spurred by concerns over future economic needs caused by the demographic challenges of an aging population, both Japan and Sweden have joined this global competition. This article examines Japanese and Swedish immigration policies for highly skilled migrants and compares the highly skilled migrants’ experiences in the two countries through interviews with these migrants. Despite Japan and Sweden's completely different approaches to immigration itself, both countries’ policies, as well as the experiences of the skilled migrants, are strikingly similar. Highly skilled migrants experience language barriers and prejudice in both countries, making it difficult to build social networks with natives. Career development seems to be perceived as a common problem, although less so in Sweden, where labor markets are more flexible. Overall, these issues reduce both Japan's and Sweden's ability to retain skilled migrants. While they share similarities, Sweden's famed work–life balance and gender equality give it an edge in the competition for skilled migrants, which Japan does not share. This comparison identifies which social conditions facilitate or impede skilled migrant settlement.

随着劳动力市场日益全球化,工业化国家之间吸引国外高技能工人的竞争加剧。受对未来经济需求的担忧刺激。。。
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引用次数: 10
Asian Women and Intimate Work, edited by Ochiai Emiko and Aoyama Kaoru. Brill, 2014, pp. 318, $105 (hardback, ISBN-13: 9789004226920) 亚洲女性与亲密的工作,由尾合惠美子和青山薰编辑。Brill, 2014,第318页,105美元(精装本,ISBN-13: 9789004226920)
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12043
Chiho Ogaya
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引用次数: 0
The Economic and Psychological Burden to Hospitals and Care Facilities of Accepting EPA Candidates in Japan 日本接受EPA候选人的医院和护理机构的经济和心理负担
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12044
Yuko O. Hirano, Kunio Tsubota

The Japanese government has encouraged the opening of the domestic market to foreign workers under the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) as a “special case” in order “to promote the trade relationship between Japan and the countries that sign the agreement” since 2008. According to the literature, the introduction of nurses and care workers is not at all economical. Many empirical studies indicate that the costs of accepting EPA candidates is crucial for accepting institutions. In this study, the authors developed a multiple regression model for the economic and psychological burden of EPA and evaluated the goodness of fit of the model by comparing hospitals and care facilities. The multiple regression analysis indicated a good fit model for hospitals, but not for care facilities. The authors speculate that there are some differences in management between hospitals and care facilities that should be considered in interpreting this phenomenon.

日本政府从2008年开始,为了“促进日本与协定签署国之间的贸易关系”,在《经济伙伴关系协定》(EPA)下,作为“特例”鼓励向外国工人开放国内市场。根据文献,引进护士和护理人员根本不经济。许多实证研究表明,接受EPA候选人的成本对接受机构至关重要。在本研究中,作者建立了EPA经济和心理负担的多元回归模型,并通过比较医院和护理机构来评估模型的拟合优度。多元回归分析表明,该模型适合医院,但不适合护理机构。作者推测,在解释这一现象时,应该考虑到医院和护理机构之间在管理上的一些差异。
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引用次数: 2
Negotiating Partial Citizenship under Neoliberalism: Regularization Struggles among Filipino Domestic Workers in France (2008–2012) 新自由主义下的部分公民权谈判:法国菲佣的正规化斗争(2008-2012)
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12046
Ruri Ito

This article examines the social and historical conditions of negotiations for expanding migrant domestic workers partial citizenship under neoliberal policies. It uses a case study of Filipino domestic workers struggling for regularization in the Parisian region, 2008–2012. Under Sarkozy's neoliberal immigration policy called chosen immigration, Hortefeux, the then Minister of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Cooperative Development, authorized case-by-case “regularization based on work” in his circular of 7 January 2008. Consequently, led by a coalition of trade unions, sans papiers (undocumented) collectives and migrant support groups, large-scale mobilizations occurred demanding rights-based regularization. Although undocumented Filipino domestic workers remained socially invisible during this campaign, a quiet, small-scale but unprecedented mobilization took place among Filipino sans papières. Based on 10 months of fieldwork, this article shows how the neoliberal tendency in the two policy areas of immigration and personal services opened up the opportunity for Filipino migrant women to have access to the institutional resources of the Private Household Workers (PHW) trade union and to break the deadlock of “double irregularity”, that is, the dispossession of both their residential permit and labor contract. This case depended on the activism of a trade unionist of Filipino origin, a trailblazer who filled the structural hole between Filipino ethnic networks and the local domestic workers’ movement. Among the outcomes are the rising consciousness among Filipinos of the usefulness of learning French, as well as a new narrative that incorporates the struggles of Filipino domestic workers in the PHW trade union history.

本文考察了新自由主义政策下扩大移民家政工人部分公民权谈判的社会和历史条件。它使用了一个菲律宾家庭工人在巴黎地区争取正规化的案例研究,2008-2012。在萨科齐的新自由主义移民政策下,当时的移民、融合、国家认同和合作发展部部长奥尔特弗(Hortefeux)在2008年1月7日的通告中批准了逐案“基于工作的正规化”。因此,在工会联盟、无证件集体和移徙支助团体的领导下,发生了要求基于权利的正规化的大规模动员。虽然在这场运动中,没有证件的菲律宾家庭佣工在社会上仍然是隐形的,但在菲律宾无papi人员中发生了一场安静的、小规模的、前所未有的动员。基于10个月的田野调查,本文展示了移民和个人服务两个政策领域的新自由主义倾向如何为菲律宾移民妇女提供机会,使她们能够获得私人家庭工人(PHW)工会的制度资源,并打破“双重不规范”的僵局,即剥夺她们的居住证和劳动合同。这个案子依赖于一个菲律宾裔工会会员的激进主义,他是一个开拓者,填补了菲律宾民族网络和当地家政工人运动之间的结构性漏洞。结果之一是菲律宾人越来越意识到学习法语的重要性,以及一种新的叙述,将菲律宾家庭工人的斗争纳入PHW工会历史。
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引用次数: 3
Can Certified Care Workers Become Long-term Settlers?: Case Study of 49 Filipinos under the Japan–Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement 持证护工能成为长期移民吗?:《日菲经济伙伴关系协定》下49名菲律宾人的案例研究
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12050
Sachi Takahata

This article focuses on the first group of Filipino certified care worker (kaigo fukushishi) candidates who joined Japan's caregiving workforce under the Japan–Philippines economic partnership agreement (EPA) in 2009. The arrival of this group marked the start of the arrival of Filipinos specifically to work and study for 3 years in a designated care facility in order to take Japan's unique national board exam in 2013. Based on the follow-up research on 49 of the first group of 190 Filipino candidates, this study examines the lives of those passing the board exam who decided to remain and continue to work in Japan. Being able to transfer to various care facilities for better employment conditions, their quality of life in Japan has improved, while the issues regarding their residential status and reuniting with their family have yet to be resolved.

本文关注的是2009年根据日本-菲律宾经济伙伴关系协定(EPA)加入日本护理队伍的第一批菲律宾持证护理工作者(kaigo fukushishi)候选人。这群人的到来标志着菲律宾人专门来到一个指定的护理机构工作和学习3年,以便参加2013年日本独特的国家委员会考试。基于对第一批190名菲律宾考生中的49人的后续研究,本研究考察了通过董事会考试并决定留在日本继续工作的人的生活。由于能够转移到各种护理机构以获得更好的就业条件,他们在日本的生活质量得到了改善,而有关他们的居住身份和与家人团聚的问题尚未得到解决。
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引用次数: 3
Why Has the Ethics of Care Become an Issue of Global Concern? 为什么护理伦理成为全球关注的问题?
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12048
Yayo Okano

Since Carol Gilligan published her masterpiece, In a Different Voice, many scholars, especially feminist scholars in various fields, including moral theory, philosophy, and political and legal theory, have been inspired to establish a more inclusive approach to social injustice as well as sexual inequality. The purpose of this article is to explore the depth and expanse of the ethics of care for its potential as a political philosophy. To pursue this end, the article analyzes first the main claims of care ethics by responding to its typical counterarguments, which criticize the ethics of care as being too dependent on gender differences, particularism, and essentialism. The second section examines three challenges that care ethics poses to the male-oriented mainstream of political philosophy, especially the theory of justice. The ethics of care provides us with a new approach to moral and political issues because it focuses responsively on social injustice, proposes a new idea of relational self and takes the social connection model to justice. With these three perspectives proposed by the ethics of care in mind, the article turns its eyes to global implications of care ethics by referring to the issue of the “comfort women” of Japanese troops during the Second World War.

自从Carol Gilligan发表了她的杰作《In a Different Voice》以来,许多学者,特别是各个领域的女权主义学者,包括道德理论、哲学、政治和法律理论,都受到启发,建立了一种更包容的方法来研究社会不公正和性别不平等。本文的目的是探讨关怀伦理作为一种政治哲学的潜力的深度和广度。为了实现这一目标,本文首先分析了护理伦理学的主要主张,并对其典型的反驳意见做出了回应,这些反驳意见批评护理伦理学过于依赖性别差异、特殊主义和本质主义。第二部分考察了关怀伦理对以男性为导向的主流政治哲学,特别是正义理论提出的三个挑战。关怀伦理学为我们提供了一种处理道德和政治问题的新方法,因为它对社会不公正作出了反应性的关注,提出了一种新的关系自我观念,并将社会联系模型用于正义。在关怀伦理提出的这三个视角下,本文以二战期间日军“慰安妇”问题为切入点,将目光转向关怀伦理的全球意义。
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引用次数: 30
Introduction: Being Migrants, Being Carers: Globalization and its Implications 引言:成为移民,成为看护人:全球化及其启示
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12045
Yuko O. Hirano, Aya Kitamura, Yuiko Fujita
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引用次数: 0
Hesitant Madams in a Global City: Japanese Expat Wives and their Global Householding in Hong Kong 国际都市中犹豫不决的太太:日本外籍太太和她们在香港的国际家庭
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12047
Aya Kitamura

Care work, once a sanctioned labor of love, is increasingly commodified in transnational contexts. The picture of migrant women shouldering the housework and child care of local professonal women may seem like a mutually beneficial arrangement—matching the “needs” of the haves and have-nots—, but the global care chain ultimately works to maintain the traditional gendered division of labor as well as global inequality. To this trend of globalization of care work, Japan has been an exception; however, how much longer it will be so is now in a question, as the government paves the way for importing domestic labor from abroad. This article focuses on Japanese expat wives in Hong Kong in order to locate Japanese women vis-à-vis the global care chain. The narrative analysis on how they decide whether to hire a domestic worker in their home away from home highlights the sociopolitical nature of their supposedly private choices. Some drew on cultural ideal of wifehood and motherhood to rationalize their choice while others referred to racialized or even overtly racist and classist images of foreign domestic workers. A few women spoke against the system itself, showing awareness of its inherent social injustice. All such narratives are never purely personal; their decisions and the rationalization behind them sustain the prevailing discourses of gender, race, ethnicity, culture, and class, which, in turn, envelop their attempts at global householding.

护理工作,曾经是一种被认可的爱的劳动,在跨国背景下越来越商品化。移民妇女承担着当地职业妇女的家务和照顾孩子的工作,这似乎是一种互惠互利的安排——满足了富人和穷人的“需求”,但全球护理链最终维持了传统的性别分工和全球不平等。对于这种护理工作的全球化趋势,日本是一个例外;但是,随着政府为引进海外劳动力铺平道路,这种情况会持续多久,成为了一个问题。这篇文章的重点是在香港的日本外籍妻子,以便在-à-vis全球护理链中找到日本女性。关于他们如何决定是否在离家的家中雇佣一名家庭佣工的叙事分析,突出了他们所谓的私人选择的社会政治性质。有些人利用妻子和母亲的文化理想来合理化他们的选择,而另一些人则提到外籍家庭佣工的种族化甚至公然的种族主义和阶级主义形象。少数妇女发言反对该制度本身,表明意识到其固有的社会不公正。所有这些叙述都不是纯粹个人的;他们的决定及其背后的合理化维持了性别、种族、民族、文化和阶级的主流话语,这些话语反过来又包围了他们在全球家庭中的尝试。
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引用次数: 1
Health-care Work in Globalization: News Reports on Care Worker Migration to Japan 全球化中的保健工作:关于护理工作者向日本迁移的新闻报道
Pub Date : 2016-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/ijjs.12049
Chika Shinohara

Health-care worker migration has emerged as a social issue in Japan, contrary to it has in Indonesia. This article shows how national contexts affected by globalization have shaped social understandings and policies towards health-care worker migration in the two societies over time. Analyses of news coverage in the Japanese and Indonesian national media reveal a gap of social responses toward this change. The Japanese are more likely to respond negatively to health-care worker migration; yet they intend to face cross-cultural challenges, although slowly, making revisions to related policies. In contrast, in Indonesia, from where health-care workers migrate to Japan and many other countries, this tends to be understood positively, overall, as providing economic benefits and permitting Indonesian professionals to contribute to the worker shortage in Japan. I interpret these results based on the literature on health-care worker migration, emerging global norms and local changes, and comparative research on employment and care work. This study contributes to the sociological understanding of worker migration and health-care issues.

与印度尼西亚相反,保健工作者移徙在日本已成为一个社会问题。本文展示了受全球化影响的国家背景如何随着时间的推移影响了这两个社会对保健工作者移徙的社会理解和政策。对日本和印度尼西亚国家媒体新闻报道的分析显示,社会对这一变化的反应存在差距。日本人更有可能对保健工作者移徙作出消极反应;然而,他们打算面对跨文化挑战,尽管进展缓慢,但他们正在修订相关政策。相比之下,在印度尼西亚,保健工作者从那里移徙到日本和许多其他国家,总的来说,这往往被积极地理解为提供了经济利益,并允许印度尼西亚专业人员为日本的工人短缺做出贡献。我根据有关卫生保健工作者移徙、新兴全球规范和地方变化以及就业和护理工作比较研究的文献来解释这些结果。这项研究有助于从社会学角度理解工人迁移和保健问题。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Japanese Journal of Sociology
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