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ENMARCADO, POR LO TANTO, REAL 因此,框架是真实的
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.480
Ecem Ergin
Con el advenimiento de la era de la posverdad, las definiciones habituales de activismo urbano han estado clamando por una actualización. Cubriendo distintos territorios y medios, este trabajo se enfoca en sugerir nuevas formas de pensar la arquitectura y su representación digital como medio para el compromiso político. Mi propuesta es que la información del espacio, o más precisamente, la arquitectura, puede ser desplegada para reducir la “incertidumbre” de un mensaje que se encuentra online y puede, por lo tanto, ser usada para su legitimación. Comenzando por Times Square en Nueva York, el contexto de la investigación se extiende a Asia Central y explora los debates contingentes. Al parecer, los actores de la escena política global, tales como China, India y Pakistán, han estado usando el entorno construido de otra potencia global, como los EE. UU., para validar las afirmaciones de unos respecto de los otros. Si bien el emplear entornos urbanos conocidos para legitimar mensajes políticos dista de ser algo nuevo, las campañas que utilizan los espacios públicos y los monumentos de otro país para ganar reputación en casa podrían ser un nuevo terreno para la geopolítica. Esta investigación revela los potenciales resultados de esta correspondencia.
随着后真相时代的到来,城市行动主义的通常定义一直在呼吁更新。这项工作涵盖了不同的领域和媒体,重点是提出新的方式来思考建筑及其数字表现作为一种政治参与的手段。我的建议是,空间信息,或者更准确地说,建筑,可以被部署来减少在线信息的“不确定性”,从而可以用于其合法性。从纽约时代广场开始,研究的背景延伸到中亚,探索偶然的辩论。显然,中国、印度和巴基斯坦等全球政治舞台上的参与者一直在利用美国等另一个全球大国的建筑环境。哦。,以验证一个人对另一个人的主张。虽然利用已知的城市环境使政治信息合法化并不新鲜,但利用另一个国家的公共空间和纪念碑在国内赢得声誉的运动可能是地缘政治的新领域。这项研究揭示了这种匹配的潜在结果。
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引用次数: 0
Colaboradores 合作者
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.485
Contributors .
I. Introducción .......................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Información básica sobre la evaluación de PEAS: ............................................................................... 2 Anexo I: Orientación técnica ........................................................................................................................ 6 1. Norma básica: Política organizativa ............................................................................................. 7 2. Norma básica: Gestión Organizacional – Subcontratación ............................................................ 8 3. Sistemas de recursos humanos estándar básicos .............................................................................. 9 4. Norma básica: Formación obligatoria ............................................................................................ 10 5. Norma Básica: Informar .................................................................................................................. 11 6. Norma Básica: Asistencia y derivaciones ........................................................................................ 13 7. Norma Básica: Investigaciones ........................................................................................................ 15 8. Norma Básica: Medidas correctivas ................................................................................................ 17
一、 导言。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。1二。PEAS评估的基本信息:。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。2附件一:技术指导。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。6 1。基本规则:组织政策。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。7 2。基本规则:组织管理-分包。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8 3。基本标准人力资源系统。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。4。基本规则:强制性培训。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。5。基本规则:报告。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。6。基本规则:协助和转诊。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。7。基本规则:调查。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。8。基本规则:纠正措施。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。17
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引用次数: 0
Technologies of Representation 表示技术
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.486
Stephannie Fell Contreras
“In teaching us a new visual code”, Susan Sontag wrote more than forty years ago, “photographs alter and enlarge our notions of what is worth looking at and what we have a right to observe” (Sontag, 1977, p. 3). Since the publication of Sontag’s `Plato’s Cave ́, the most radical change in this visual code has been the pace and breadth of its reach. We carry image-making and image-sharing devices in a pocket. We can easily upload a photograph to a search engine and call up millions of images based on visual or conceptual similarity. But even with the leveling of tools for making and distributing images, Sontag’s empowering `ethics of seeing ́ is today a territory in dispute. Millions of image-makers and instant sharing capabilities are met by algorithmic filter-bubbles and widespread misinformation campaigns. The sheer quantity of image circulation did not amount to improved visibility, let alone mutual understanding. After 18-O (18 October) in Chile and the Covid-19 pandemic, it became clear that any discussion on representation should address the unrealized promise of the `ethics of images ́. This implies not forgetting that, as Gayatri Spivak proposes, whenever we use the word ‘representation’ we are compounding its two meanings: to ‘re-present’ as in art or philosophy, and to ‘speak for’ as in politics (1988, p. 275). Architects are familiar with images that ‘do’ things for us: renders pre-visualize, orthographic projections measure, collages hint at experiences of space. Architectural drawings can be translated, as Robin Evans (1997) put it, into buildings and urban plans. But what is architecture’s relationship to other kinds of images, those which were never meant to become buildings? This issue of Materia Arquitectura was a call to explore the agency of images in the construction of realities, the imposition of borders and the narration of stories that are political. Not only because their object is the polis, but because they alter our relationship with the built environment and consequently, the way in which we understand, imagine and shape, as a society, the common territory that is at the base of the exercise of public power.
苏珊·桑塔格在四十多年前写道:“在教我们一种新的视觉密码时,照片改变并扩大了我们对什么值得看以及我们有权观察的概念”(桑塔格,1977年,第3页)。自桑塔格的《柏拉图的洞穴》出版以来,这一视觉代码最根本的变化是其覆盖范围的速度和广度。我们将图像制作和图像共享设备放在口袋里。我们可以很容易地将照片上传到搜索引擎,并根据视觉或概念相似性调用数百万张图像。但是,即使制作和分发图像的工具趋于一致,桑塔格赋予权力的“观看道德”如今仍存在争议。数以百万计的图像制作者和即时共享能力受到算法过滤泡沫和广泛的错误信息运动的挑战。图像传播的数量并不能提高可见性,更不用说相互理解了。在智利18-O(10月18日)和新冠肺炎大流行之后,很明显,任何关于代表性的讨论都应该解决“图像伦理”的未实现承诺。这意味着不要忘记,正如加亚特里·斯皮瓦克所建议的那样,每当我们使用“表征”一词时,我们都会将其两种含义复合起来:在艺术或哲学中“重新呈现”,在政治中“为之说话”(1988,第275页)。建筑师们熟悉为我们“做”事情的图像:渲染预可视化,正交投影测量,拼贴画暗示空间体验。正如Robin Evans(1997)所说,建筑图纸可以被翻译成建筑和城市规划。但是,建筑与其他类型的图像之间的关系是什么呢?这些图像本来就不应该成为建筑?这期《材料》呼吁探索图像在现实建构、边界强加和政治故事叙事中的作用。不仅因为它们的对象是城邦,还因为它们改变了我们与建筑环境的关系,从而改变了我们作为一个社会理解、想象和塑造公共权力行使基础的共同领土的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Tecnologías de representación 表示技术
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.478
Stephannie Fell Contreras
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引用次数: 0
The Rise and Fall of Visual Paradigms: An Interview with Mario Carpo 视觉范式的兴衰:采访马里奥·卡波
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.477
Stephannie Fell Contreras
Interview conducted by Stephannie Fell Contrerasat The Bartlett School of Architecture (March 10th, 2020) and via Zoom (April 14th, 2020) Mario Carpo is Reyner Banham Professor of Architectural History and Theory at The Bartlett School of Architecture. He specializes in history of architectural theory and history of cultural technologies, focusing on the early modern period and contemporary digital design theory. He is the author of The Second Digital Turn (MIT Press, 2017), The Alphabet and the Algorithm (MIT Press, 2011), and Architecture in the Age of Printing (MIT Press, 2001), among other books.
马里奥·卡波是巴特利特建筑学院的雷纳·巴纳姆建筑历史和理论教授。研究方向为建筑理论史和文化技术史,主要研究近现代早期和当代数字设计理论。他是《第二次数字转折》(麻省理工学院出版社,2017年)、《字母表和算法》(麻省理工学院出版社,2011年)和《印刷时代的建筑》(麻省理工学院出版社,2001年)等书的作者。
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引用次数: 0
Ascenso y caída de los paradigmas visuales: Una entrevista con Mario Carpo 视觉范式的兴衰:对马里奥·卡波的采访
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i20.476
Stephannie Fell Contreras
Entrevista realizada por Stephannie Fell Contrerasen The Bartlett School of Architecture (10 de marzo, 2020) y a través de Zoom (14 de abril, 2020) Mario Carpo es Reyner Banham Professor de Historia y Teoría de la Arquitectura en The Bartlett School of Architecture. Especializado en historia de la teoría arquitectónica e historia de las tecnologías culturales, se ha enfocado en el periodo moderno temprano y la teoría del diseño digital contemporáneo. Es autor de The Second Digital Turn (MIT Press, 2017), The Alphabet and the Algorithm (MIT Press, 2011) y Architecture in the Age of Printing (MIT Press, 2001), entre otros libros.
Stephannie Fell contrerasin The Bartlett School of Architecture(2020年3月10日)和Zoom(2020年4月14日)Mario Carpo是Bartlett School of Architecture的Reyner Banham建筑历史和理论教授。他专注于建筑理论的历史和文化技术史,专注于早期现代和当代数字设计理论。他著有《第二次数字转变》(麻省理工学院出版社,2017)、《字母表与算法》(麻省理工学院出版社,2011)和《印刷时代的建筑》(麻省理工学院出版社,2001)等书。
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引用次数: 0
Espacio de teoría el taller de arquitectura 理论空间建筑工作坊
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i17.391
Suiza Lausana
Hacia el final de los años sesenta, el taller de arquitectura experimentó un giro “conceptual” que unos cincuenta años más tarde se convertiría, insospechadamente, en el modelo de los actuales espacios de los start-up, las “incubadoras de negocios” y los think-tank que han surgido de los capitales de riesgo y las economías asociadas al crowdfunding. Este artículo destaca cinco rasgos del ambiente del taller de arquitectura post-sesenta, rasgos que lo convierten en un tipo específico de generador creativo: disciplina, interacción social, notación, multimedios y crítica. Tradicionalmente, los arquitectos han restado el trabajo del taller. Ramas de la economía más expertas en relaciones públicas han descubierto la burbuja creativa de los arquitectos. Por lo tanto, estos necesitan despertar y reclamar como propias las herramientas con- ceptuales que han desarrollado durante décadas. La falsa modestia no debería seguir mostrándose como una virtud. Abstract_ Somewhere around the late 60's, the architectural studio underwent a 'conceptual' turn which, some fifty years later, would unknowingly become the model for the now fashionable 'start-up', 'business incubator' and 'think-tank' spaces that have sprung up from the venture capital and crowdfunding economies. This article highlights five of the features of the post 60's architectural studio environment, which make it into a specific kind of creative generator: discipline, social interaction, notation, multi-media and critique. Architects have traditionally played down the disciplinary knowhow and compound expertise that they have mastered for a long time, and that has shaped the work environment of the studio. With the discovery of their creative bubble by more PR-savvy branches of the economy, architects need to wake up and lay claim to the conceptual tools that they have developed over many decades. False modesty should no longer parade as a virtue.
1960年代接近尾声,亲身体验了一把“概念”构架车间,五十岁以后,insospechadamente会成为创业公司的现有空间模型,业务“孵化器”和涌现出来的think-tank crowdfunding有关的风险资本和经济。这篇文章强调了60年后建筑工作室环境的五个特征,这些特征使它成为一种特定类型的创造性创造者:纪律、社会互动、符号、多媒体和批评。传统上,建筑师忽略了车间的工作。更擅长公共关系的经济学分支发现了建筑师的创意泡沫。因此,他们需要觉醒,并声称他们几十年来开发的认知工具是他们自己的。虚假的谦虚不应该再被证明是一种美德。在20世纪60年代末的某个时候,建筑工作室经历了一个“概念”转变,在大约50年后,它将成为现在时尚的“初创企业”、“商业孵化器”和“智库”空间的模式,这些空间是从风险投资和众筹经济中涌现出来的。这篇文章强调了后60年代建筑工作室环境的五个特点,这使它成为一种特定的创造性产生者:纪律、社会互动、符号、多媒体和批评。建筑师传统上发挥了他们长期拥有的学科知识和综合专业知识,这塑造了工作室的工作环境。With the discovery of their creative泡沫by more PR-savvy的of the economy,建筑师需要醒来up and lay claim to the tools that they have发达的概念对许多decades。假谦虚不应该再作为美德游行了。
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引用次数: 0
The Polyrhythmic-scape of the City 城市的多节奏景观
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i17.389
Tamao Hashimoto
This paper shows the work of the 'Cosmopolitan Workshop', which is part of the Arts and Study Abroad Program (ASAP) at Tokyo University of the Arts. ASAP encourages interdisciplinarity and practical design research strategies out of the studio, the university, and the country. Especially, the Cosmopolitan Workshop explores a way for understanding and conceiving the complex connections between humans and the environment of the city, while focusing on King’s Cross redevelopment area in London. Drawing on ideas by the French philosopher Henri Lefebvre, and with reference to Bernard Tschumi, the participants in the Cosmopolitan Workshop aimed to describe a series of ordinary 'direct actions'as 'rhythmanalysis' of humans, architecture, and space, through the assumption that this not only proposes different readings of spatial function, but also configures ambiguous relationships between “every being, every entity and every body, both living and non-living”. With the support of Central Saint Martins (University of the Arts London) and the Architectural Association Schoolof Architecture, the participants attempted to document human actions in everyday life that would expand the perception of time in urban space, while strategically examining the city’s perimeter and its relation to urban rhythms and events.
这篇论文展示了东京艺术大学艺术与留学项目(ASAP)的“世界工作室”的作品。ASAP鼓励来自工作室、大学和国家的跨学科和实用的设计研究策略。特别是,大都会工作室探索了一种理解和构思人类与城市环境之间复杂联系的方式,同时专注于伦敦国王十字重建区。借鉴法国哲学家亨利·列斐伏尔(Henri Lefebvre)的思想,并参考伯纳德·图米(Bernard Tschumi)的观点,“世界工作坊”的参与者旨在将一系列普通的“直接行动”描述为人类、建筑和空间的“节奏分析”,通过这样的假设,这不仅提出了对空间功能的不同解读,而且还配置了“每一个存在、每一个实体和每一个身体,包括生命和非生命”之间的模糊关系。在中央圣马丁(伦敦艺术大学)和建筑协会建筑学院的支持下,参与者试图记录人类在日常生活中的行为,这将扩大城市空间的时间感知,同时战略性地检查城市的周边及其与城市节奏和事件的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Infrastructure for recombination: The work and ethos of Plethora Project 重组的基础设施:过多项目的工作和精神
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i17.388
J. Sánchez
This paper presents a critique to the traditional business model followed by many architecture studios who utilize the ‘architectural competition’ as a format for developing new ideas and innovation. The abundant competition calls, implying free labour, that architectural competitions facilitate has become a mechanism to coerce architectural innovation towards the benefit of a ruling elite. The Plethora Project studio has attempted since 2011 to hybridize the practice of architecture with forms of entertainment in order to allow cultural engagement and ultimately communicate the challenges that architecture faces not only from a perspective of technological progress but from one of social progress as well. To do so, the medium of video games has been selected to communicate complex systems of interdependence, inviting a new audience of non- architects to participate in the construction of knowledge and discourse by understanding complex webs of interdependence that link material resources, knowledge, labour andaccess. The studio sits at the intersection between an architectural firm and a gaming studio with social interest. This implies the necessity for innovation in economic strategies that enable the autonomy of ideas and the development of non-conventional projects.
本文对许多建筑工作室所遵循的传统商业模式进行了批判,他们将“建筑竞赛”作为开发新思想和创新的一种形式。建筑竞赛促进的丰富的竞争呼唤,意味着自由的劳动,已经成为一种机制,迫使建筑创新有利于统治精英。Plethora项目工作室自2011年以来一直试图将建筑实践与娱乐形式相结合,以实现文化参与,并最终传达建筑面临的挑战,不仅从技术进步的角度,而且从社会进步的角度。为了做到这一点,电子游戏的媒介被选择来传达复杂的相互依存系统,邀请新的非建筑师受众通过理解连接物质资源、知识、劳动力和访问的复杂相互依存网络来参与知识和话语的构建。该工作室位于一家建筑公司和一家具有社会兴趣的游戏工作室之间。这意味着经济战略创新的必要性,以实现思想的自主性和非常规项目的发展。
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引用次数: 0
WHEN ROUTINE BITES HARD 当日常生活变得艰难时
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.56255/ma.v0i17.393
Esteban de Backer Gutiérrez
En 1982, Alejandro de la Sota escribe “Por una arquitectura lógica”, un manifiesto encubierto en el que describe el proceso de producción arquitectónica como una secuencia de razonamientos eficientes a modo de preceptos que desembocan de manera casi irrevocable en “Arquitectura”. Esta idea, trasladada a la producción de arquitectura contemporánea más allá de la eficiencia productiva ligada a la arquitectura comercial, se reclama en ciertas prácticas actuales que abogan por una especie de “pragmatismo crea- tivo” alejado de la corriente de los noventa y presente en prácticas como las de OMA, MVRDV o Alejandro Zaera Polo. En contraposición, se explora una re-conceptualización de la idea de eficiencia ligada a la producción de arquitectura, para lo cual se examinan los modos operativos de Estudio Herreros, Office KGDVS y Lacaton & Vassal, los que exploran conceptos como “eficiencia creativa”, “eficiencia necesaria” o “eficiencia de comportamiento”, en conexión con la “Arquitectura lógica” que de la Sota defendiera en su manifiesto de 1982. Abstract_ In 1982, Alejandro de la Sota writes 'For a logical architecture', an undercover manifesto in which he describes the process of architectural production as a sequence of efficient reasonings in the form of precepts that almost irrevocably result in 'Architecture'. This notion, transferred to contemporary architectural production beyond the productive efficiency associated with commercial architecture, is demanded in certain current practices that advocate a sort of 'creative pragmatism' removed from the trends of the 90’s of practices like those of OMA, MVRDV or Alejandro Zaera Polo. Opposed to this, a re-conceptualization of the notion of efficiency associated with the production of architecture is explored. The operative modes of Estudio Herreros, Office KGDVS and Lacaton & Vassal are examined, exploring concepts like 'creative efficiency', 'necessary efficiency' or 'behaviour efficiency', somehow connecting back to the 'Logical Architecture' argued by de la Sota in his 1982 manifesto.
1982年,亚历杭德罗·德拉索塔(Alejandro de la Sota)写了《Por una arquitectura logica》(Por una arquitectura logica),这是一份秘密宣言,他在宣言中将建筑生产过程描述为一系列有效的推理,作为一种规则,几乎不可逆转地导致了“建筑”。这个想法,转入生产当代建筑超出生产效率与商业架构,用于某些现行做法,主张一种“求实创造了-我住在遥远的1990年代的潮流和本组织等做法,MVRDV或亚历山大Zaera Polo。相比之下,探讨一个re-conceptualización概念架构与生产效率,进而探讨了研究的操作模式的铁匠,Office KGDVS和Lacaton & Vassal创造性探索新概念,如“效率”、“必要的效率”或“效率”的行为,在“逻辑架构”的连接保护在1982年宣言的杰克。1982年,Alejandro de la Sota写了“For a logical architecture”,这是一份秘密宣言,他在其中描述了建筑生产的过程,作为一系列有效的理由,以规则的形式,几乎不可逆转地导致了“architecture”。这一概念被转移到与商业建筑相关的生产效率之外的当代建筑生产中,在一些当前的实践中需要提倡一种“创造性实用主义”,这种“创造性实用主义”是从90年代OMA、MVRDV或Alejandro Zaera Polo等实践的趋势中删除的。与此相反,本文探讨了与建筑生产相关的效率概念的重新概念化。研究了Estudio Herreros、Office KGDVS和Lacaton & Vassal的运作模式,探讨了诸如“创造性效率”、“必要效率”或“行为效率”等概念,在某种程度上与de la Sota在其1982年宣言中提出的“逻辑架构”相联系。
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引用次数: 0
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Materia Arquitectura
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