Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735383
N. Shankar, V. Sapthagirivasan, A. Vijay, K. Kirthika, M. Anburajan
Osteoporotic hip fracture is associated with high mortality and morbidity and often results in a loss of mobility and independence. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone mineral density (BMD, g cm−2), a measure of the amount of mineral in a bone. Although BMD continues to serve well it does not fully account for bone strength and only partially accounts for the risk of hip fracture. The shape and structure of the proximal femur also helps to determine how forces act in the hip in a fall and their measurement can aid the prediction of hip fracture. In this study, the geometrical variables of the right proximal femur in a total number of fifty Indian women were measured from digital x-ray images, and these results were compared with BMD values of the proximal femur measured by Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for same set of women, as a standard. Results obtained by this proposed approach explored how they were related with BMD and anthropometric factors such as body-height, and body-weight. In this study, it was found that 34% and 20% of the study Indian women were found to have osteoporosis and osteopenia respectively. The mean values of thickness of the medial shaft cortex (SC) as well as lesser trochanter thickness of the medial cortex (NC) and width of the acetabular bone (AW) were lesser in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women. These values were found to be decreased by −21%, −11%, and −18% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. Simple radiograph hip geometry measurements are useful in the evaluation of osteoporosis.
骨质疏松性髋部骨折与高死亡率和发病率相关，通常导致活动能力和独立性的丧失。骨质疏松症是通过测量骨矿物质密度(BMD, g cm−2)来诊断的，这是对骨骼中矿物质含量的测量。尽管骨密度仍然很好，但它并不能完全说明骨强度，也只能部分说明髋部骨折的风险。股骨近端形状和结构也有助于确定力量在跌倒时如何作用于髋部，它们的测量可以帮助预测髋部骨折。在本研究中，通过数字x线图像测量了50名印度女性右侧股骨近端几何变量，并将这些结果与双能x线吸收仪(DXA)测量的股骨近端骨密度值作为标准进行了比较。通过这种方法获得的结果探讨了它们与骨密度和人体测量因素(如身高和体重)的关系。在这项研究中，研究发现34%和20%的印度女性分别患有骨质疏松症和骨质减少症。骨质疏松症印度妇女的内轴皮质厚度(SC)、内轴皮质小粗隆厚度(NC)和髋臼骨宽度(AW)的平均值小于正常印度妇女。与正常的印度女性相比，这些值分别下降了- 21%，- 11%和- 18%。简单的x线片髋关节几何测量对骨质疏松症的评估是有用的。
{"title":"Evaluation of osteoporosis using radiographic hip geometry, compared with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the standard","authors":"N. Shankar, V. Sapthagirivasan, A. Vijay, K. Kirthika, M. Anburajan","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735383","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporotic hip fracture is associated with high mortality and morbidity and often results in a loss of mobility and independence. Osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone mineral density (BMD, g cm−2), a measure of the amount of mineral in a bone. Although BMD continues to serve well it does not fully account for bone strength and only partially accounts for the risk of hip fracture. The shape and structure of the proximal femur also helps to determine how forces act in the hip in a fall and their measurement can aid the prediction of hip fracture. In this study, the geometrical variables of the right proximal femur in a total number of fifty Indian women were measured from digital x-ray images, and these results were compared with BMD values of the proximal femur measured by Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for same set of women, as a standard. Results obtained by this proposed approach explored how they were related with BMD and anthropometric factors such as body-height, and body-weight. In this study, it was found that 34% and 20% of the study Indian women were found to have osteoporosis and osteopenia respectively. The mean values of thickness of the medial shaft cortex (SC) as well as lesser trochanter thickness of the medial cortex (NC) and width of the acetabular bone (AW) were lesser in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women. These values were found to be decreased by −21%, −11%, and −18% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. Simple radiograph hip geometry measurements are useful in the evaluation of osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735351
N. Verma, S. Meena, S. Bajpai, Amarjot Singh, A. Nagrare, A. Nagrare
In the past years, various microarray technologies have been used to extract useful biological information from microarray data. Microarray technologies have become a central tool in biological research. The extraction or identification of gene groups with similar expression pattern, plays an important role in the analysis of genes. The primary techniques involve clustering and biclustering methods. Besides classical clustering methods, biclustering is being preferred to analyze biological datasets, due to its ability to group both genes across conditions simultaneously. Biclustering is being practiced in a number of applications to club genes across specified conditions, used mainly in identifying sets of coregulated genes, tissue classification etc. Gene Ontology is another important area of application, where biclusters are used to presume the class of non-annotated genes. Gene Ontology database is competent of annotating and analyzing a large number of genes. Gene Ontology is a standard approach of representing the gene with their product attributes, across different species and databases. Typical annotations for the analyzed list of genes can be well understood using the BicAT and BiVisu toolbox. The toolbox provides a platform which enables us to compare different biclustering algorithms, inside the graphical tool. This paper compares different biclustering approaches used to analyze carcinoma and DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) microarray datasets. The algorithms were compared on the grounds of enrichment values with support from runtime analysis. The paper explains in detail the biclusters associated with each algorithm and the intellects affecting the enrichment values, leading to the best biclustering technique for the datasets mentioned above.
{"title":"A comparison of biclustering algorithms","authors":"N. Verma, S. Meena, S. Bajpai, Amarjot Singh, A. Nagrare, A. Nagrare","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735351","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years, various microarray technologies have been used to extract useful biological information from microarray data. Microarray technologies have become a central tool in biological research. The extraction or identification of gene groups with similar expression pattern, plays an important role in the analysis of genes. The primary techniques involve clustering and biclustering methods. Besides classical clustering methods, biclustering is being preferred to analyze biological datasets, due to its ability to group both genes across conditions simultaneously. Biclustering is being practiced in a number of applications to club genes across specified conditions, used mainly in identifying sets of coregulated genes, tissue classification etc. Gene Ontology is another important area of application, where biclusters are used to presume the class of non-annotated genes. Gene Ontology database is competent of annotating and analyzing a large number of genes. Gene Ontology is a standard approach of representing the gene with their product attributes, across different species and databases. Typical annotations for the analyzed list of genes can be well understood using the BicAT and BiVisu toolbox. The toolbox provides a platform which enables us to compare different biclustering algorithms, inside the graphical tool. This paper compares different biclustering approaches used to analyze carcinoma and DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) microarray datasets. The algorithms were compared on the grounds of enrichment values with support from runtime analysis. The paper explains in detail the biclusters associated with each algorithm and the intellects affecting the enrichment values, leading to the best biclustering technique for the datasets mentioned above.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131676645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735340
K. Yamanaka
Dominant mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene lead to a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although ubiquitous expression of mutant SOD1 provokes progressive, selective motor neuron degeneration in human and rodents due to an acquired toxic property (ies) of the mutant, the distinct roles of mutant toxicity within motor neurons and non-neuronal cells are recently established by our cell-type specific gene ablation from mutant SOD1 mice. The toxicity(ies) within astrocytes and microglia accelerates disease progression, indicating that glial cells contribute to non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration. Misregulated genes within glial cells that we isolated from symptomatic mutant SOD1 mice indicated the involvement of innate immune system. The inhibition of innate immune pathway in SOD1 mice significantly accelerated disease progression. These results indicate the active role of glial cells in modifying disease progression in ALS models.
{"title":"Active roles of glial cells in neurodegenrative disease","authors":"K. Yamanaka","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735340","url":null,"abstract":"Dominant mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene lead to a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although ubiquitous expression of mutant SOD1 provokes progressive, selective motor neuron degeneration in human and rodents due to an acquired toxic property (ies) of the mutant, the distinct roles of mutant toxicity within motor neurons and non-neuronal cells are recently established by our cell-type specific gene ablation from mutant SOD1 mice. The toxicity(ies) within astrocytes and microglia accelerates disease progression, indicating that glial cells contribute to non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration. Misregulated genes within glial cells that we isolated from symptomatic mutant SOD1 mice indicated the involvement of innate immune system. The inhibition of innate immune pathway in SOD1 mice significantly accelerated disease progression. These results indicate the active role of glial cells in modifying disease progression in ALS models.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116039125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735341
M. Sadhukhan, A. Sutradhar, P. Syam, C. R. Mahata, R. Chattopadhyay
Going by naive dilution concept, Avogadro Number puts 12th as the potency-limit (in the centesimal scale) beyond which a homoeopathic medicine cannot even theoretically contain any atom/molecule of the original substance with which potentisation starts. Continuing further, a single molecule of the original substance can be ensured in a 30th potency medicine by taking a medicinal mass of several thousand Suns!!! And that is impossible. Still, they are effective (and often better) curative agents. What is the secret of their medicinal value? — This is the standing challenge for more than two centuries. Several noteworthy attempts have been made to meet this challenge. Right now we may be on the verge of a solution. This paper is an attempt to address this issue.
{"title":"Mystery of potentised substances: Some significant attempts to unveil it","authors":"M. Sadhukhan, A. Sutradhar, P. Syam, C. R. Mahata, R. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735341","url":null,"abstract":"Going by naive dilution concept, Avogadro Number puts 12th as the potency-limit (in the centesimal scale) beyond which a homoeopathic medicine cannot even theoretically contain any atom/molecule of the original substance with which potentisation starts. Continuing further, a single molecule of the original substance can be ensured in a 30th potency medicine by taking a medicinal mass of several thousand Suns!!! And that is impossible. Still, they are effective (and often better) curative agents. What is the secret of their medicinal value? — This is the standing challenge for more than two centuries. Several noteworthy attempts have been made to meet this challenge. Right now we may be on the verge of a solution. This paper is an attempt to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735344
Subrajeet Mohapatra, D. Patra
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological neoplasia of childhood and is characterized by uncontrolled growth of leukemic cells in bone marrow, lymphoid organs etc. The nonspecific nature of the signs and symptoms of ALL often leads to wrong diagnosis. Diagnostic confusion is also posed due to imitation of similar signs by other disorders. Careful microscopic examination of stained blood smear or bone marrow aspirate is the only way to effective diagnosis of leukemia. Techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis and cytochemistry are also employed for specific leukemia detection. The need for automation of leukemia detection arises since the above specific tests are time consuming and costly. Morphological analysis of blood slides are influenced by factors such as hematologists experience and tiredness, resulting in non standardized reports. A low cost and efficient solution is to use image analysis for quantitative examination of stained blood microscopic images for leukemia detection. A two stage color segmentation strategy is employed for segregating leukocytes or white blood cells (WBC) from other blood components. Discriminative features i.e. nucleus shape, texture are used for final detection of leukemia. In the present paper two novel shape features i.e., hausdorff dimension and contour signature is implemented for classifying a lymphocytic cell nucleus. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed for classification. A total of 108 blood smear images were considered for feature extraction and final performance evaluation is validated with the results of a hematologist.
{"title":"Automated cell nucleus segmentation and acute leukemia detection in blood microscopic images","authors":"Subrajeet Mohapatra, D. Patra","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735344","url":null,"abstract":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological neoplasia of childhood and is characterized by uncontrolled growth of leukemic cells in bone marrow, lymphoid organs etc. The nonspecific nature of the signs and symptoms of ALL often leads to wrong diagnosis. Diagnostic confusion is also posed due to imitation of similar signs by other disorders. Careful microscopic examination of stained blood smear or bone marrow aspirate is the only way to effective diagnosis of leukemia. Techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis and cytochemistry are also employed for specific leukemia detection. The need for automation of leukemia detection arises since the above specific tests are time consuming and costly. Morphological analysis of blood slides are influenced by factors such as hematologists experience and tiredness, resulting in non standardized reports. A low cost and efficient solution is to use image analysis for quantitative examination of stained blood microscopic images for leukemia detection. A two stage color segmentation strategy is employed for segregating leukocytes or white blood cells (WBC) from other blood components. Discriminative features i.e. nucleus shape, texture are used for final detection of leukemia. In the present paper two novel shape features i.e., hausdorff dimension and contour signature is implemented for classifying a lymphocytic cell nucleus. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed for classification. A total of 108 blood smear images were considered for feature extraction and final performance evaluation is validated with the results of a hematologist.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735392
G. Thakur, A. Mitra, A. Basak, D. Rousseau, K. Pal
Oil-in-water emulsion gels consisting sunflower oil as the internal phase and a chemically-crosslinked gelatin solution as the continuous aqueous phase were developed. The dispersion was homogenized at 60°C in a high pressure valve homogenizer at a pressure of 5000/500psi for different time periods (2, 5 or 10 min). The homogenized samples were formed into films at 5oC followed by crosslinking with genipin at room temperature. The microstructure of the gels was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed significant differences in the microstructure depending on homogenization time. Gel micrographs indicated a well-dispersed network of sunflower oil droplets in the gelatin matrix with a higher homogenization duration (10 min) while a less unorganized gel microstructure was evident at shorter homogenization times (2 and 5 min). Gels were also characterized using colourimetric analysis. Puncture tests of the gels were tested to establish their mechanical stability. The gels prepared with 10 min homogenization exhibited the highest puncture strength (0.23±0.20 MPa) (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that gelatin gels homogenized for longer periods were more stable, thus expanding their range of possible biomedical applications.
{"title":"Characterization of oil-in-water gelatin emulsion gels: Effect of homogenization time","authors":"G. Thakur, A. Mitra, A. Basak, D. Rousseau, K. Pal","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735392","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-in-water emulsion gels consisting sunflower oil as the internal phase and a chemically-crosslinked gelatin solution as the continuous aqueous phase were developed. The dispersion was homogenized at 60°C in a high pressure valve homogenizer at a pressure of 5000/500psi for different time periods (2, 5 or 10 min). The homogenized samples were formed into films at 5oC followed by crosslinking with genipin at room temperature. The microstructure of the gels was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed significant differences in the microstructure depending on homogenization time. Gel micrographs indicated a well-dispersed network of sunflower oil droplets in the gelatin matrix with a higher homogenization duration (10 min) while a less unorganized gel microstructure was evident at shorter homogenization times (2 and 5 min). Gels were also characterized using colourimetric analysis. Puncture tests of the gels were tested to establish their mechanical stability. The gels prepared with 10 min homogenization exhibited the highest puncture strength (0.23±0.20 MPa) (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that gelatin gels homogenized for longer periods were more stable, thus expanding their range of possible biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124726212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735356
Puneet Manocha, D. Maji, Soumen Das
Elastomers by granting mechanical flexibility have provided huge potential to be exploited in MEMS (Micro electro-mechanical-systems) technology. The large mismatch in thermo-mechanical properties of thin-film and elastomeric base is a major cause of buckling in the bi-layer system. The wrinkle patterns of the buckled film can cause malfunctioning or catastrophic failure of device fabricated on elastomeric base. If the underlying topology of the film is modified, the stress on bi-layer system does not remain equi-biaxial. Thus by engineering the surface topology of elastomeric substrate, the stress developed on the deposited thin film can be substantially reduced, for its meaningful applications. In the present work the planar topology of an elastomeric base (PDMS) was engineered into array of parallel ridges and it was verified with simulations and experiments that by varying the width of the ridges it is possible to control the stress magnitude below the critical value, thereby reducing the occurrence of wrinkles of the film surface over the ridge area.
{"title":"Reduction in buckling of deposited thin film on PDMS elastomer by engineering the substrate topology","authors":"Puneet Manocha, D. Maji, Soumen Das","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735356","url":null,"abstract":"Elastomers by granting mechanical flexibility have provided huge potential to be exploited in MEMS (Micro electro-mechanical-systems) technology. The large mismatch in thermo-mechanical properties of thin-film and elastomeric base is a major cause of buckling in the bi-layer system. The wrinkle patterns of the buckled film can cause malfunctioning or catastrophic failure of device fabricated on elastomeric base. If the underlying topology of the film is modified, the stress on bi-layer system does not remain equi-biaxial. Thus by engineering the surface topology of elastomeric substrate, the stress developed on the deposited thin film can be substantially reduced, for its meaningful applications. In the present work the planar topology of an elastomeric base (PDMS) was engineered into array of parallel ridges and it was verified with simulations and experiments that by varying the width of the ridges it is possible to control the stress magnitude below the critical value, thereby reducing the occurrence of wrinkles of the film surface over the ridge area.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127141725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735389
R. Sankar, M. Mandal
Azurin reported as a potential anticancer protein against breast cancer cell lines, evoked the researchers of novel methods for enhanced synthesis of azurin has initialized. Early researchers revealed the synthesis of azurin from different microbial sources specifically from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This study is concerned of azurin synthesis from different strains of P. aeruginosa with lucid homogeneity by customized methods. The growth of different P. aeruginosa strains 1934, 741, 2453, and 1942 for the synthesis of azurin were scrutinized for enhanced azurin synthesis. The enhanced azurin synthesis from P. aeruginosa strains was improved by the copper sulphate (CuSO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) containing media under facultative anaerobic condition. The purification and synthesis of azurin process was performed in Ion- exchange and gel- filtration chromatography. Molecular mass and secondary structure of azurin was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to establish the purity of azurin from the above strain. High yield was reported in P. aeruginosa 2453 strain than other strains.
{"title":"Screening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain for enhanced synthesis of azurin induced by copper sulphate and potassiun nitrate and its characterization","authors":"R. Sankar, M. Mandal","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735389","url":null,"abstract":"Azurin reported as a potential anticancer protein against breast cancer cell lines, evoked the researchers of novel methods for enhanced synthesis of azurin has initialized. Early researchers revealed the synthesis of azurin from different microbial sources specifically from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This study is concerned of azurin synthesis from different strains of P. aeruginosa with lucid homogeneity by customized methods. The growth of different P. aeruginosa strains 1934, 741, 2453, and 1942 for the synthesis of azurin were scrutinized for enhanced azurin synthesis. The enhanced azurin synthesis from P. aeruginosa strains was improved by the copper sulphate (CuSO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) containing media under facultative anaerobic condition. The purification and synthesis of azurin process was performed in Ion- exchange and gel- filtration chromatography. Molecular mass and secondary structure of azurin was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to establish the purity of azurin from the above strain. High yield was reported in P. aeruginosa 2453 strain than other strains.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735381
M. Shahin, S. Maka
This paper presents a modified parameter tuning approach that enables a better quantitative analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of long term arterial blood pressure regulation. A previously developed nonlinear model of blood pressure regulation is linearized about its equilibrium point. Instead of any traditional fixed parameter approach this linearized version utilizes multiple model approach. Fractional adjustments have been made in the parameters of the basal transfer function or state model of the seventh order system to fit with the nonlinear system data. A detailed sensitivity study has been performed on the basal linear model to identify the tuning parameters, their basal values and the realistic bounds. Traditional least square estimation technique has been used for parameter identification. Thus a set of approximate linear models have been developed under various physiological conditions. By combining these linear models spanning in the range of expected operation of the nonlinear system, the actual behavior can be approached. The dynamic responses of the tuned models under various conditions such as aldosterone loading are closely matching to those of the actual nonlinear model. The eigen value study of the linearized model shows that the model is stable under normal conditions. Thus the proposed frame work for the parameter tuning will be useful for the nonlinear physiological model to get a better structural analysis using the well known linear system techniques.
{"title":"Multiple tuned model approach for the analysis of nonlinear dynamics of the long term blood pressure regulation","authors":"M. Shahin, S. Maka","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735381","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a modified parameter tuning approach that enables a better quantitative analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of long term arterial blood pressure regulation. A previously developed nonlinear model of blood pressure regulation is linearized about its equilibrium point. Instead of any traditional fixed parameter approach this linearized version utilizes multiple model approach. Fractional adjustments have been made in the parameters of the basal transfer function or state model of the seventh order system to fit with the nonlinear system data. A detailed sensitivity study has been performed on the basal linear model to identify the tuning parameters, their basal values and the realistic bounds. Traditional least square estimation technique has been used for parameter identification. Thus a set of approximate linear models have been developed under various physiological conditions. By combining these linear models spanning in the range of expected operation of the nonlinear system, the actual behavior can be approached. The dynamic responses of the tuned models under various conditions such as aldosterone loading are closely matching to those of the actual nonlinear model. The eigen value study of the linearized model shows that the model is stable under normal conditions. Thus the proposed frame work for the parameter tuning will be useful for the nonlinear physiological model to get a better structural analysis using the well known linear system techniques.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130355565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735419
Priyanka Banerjee, B. Chakravarty, K. Chaudhury
Objective: An understanding of the endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation is essential to avoid recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). Expression of endometrial receptivity markers including αvβ3 integrin and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and pinopodes in women with RSM is explored. Design: Endometrial tissue samples were collected from 16 women with idiopathic RSM (age<35 years) during the mid-secretory phase (D21) of the menstrual cycle from the Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Salt lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 12 normal women having partners with male factor infertility were taken as controls. Only those women who did not receive any kind of medication and had no known causes of miscarriage or other gynecological disorders were included in this study. Materials and Methods: The collected tissue was divided into three parts: one part was used for stromal and epithelial cells isolation for flow cytometric analysis of the biochemical markers, the other part was fixed for immunohistological staining. The third part was also fixed and examined for pinopodes using SEM. Data were compared using independent two sample ‘t’ test and chi-square test, as applicable. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤0.05. Results: Expression of αvβ3 integrin, LIF and pinopodes were observed to be significantly less, both in stromal and epithelial cells of the endometrium in women with RSM when compared with controls. Conclusions: Poor expression of the molecular mediators, αvβ3 integrin and LIF in women with RSM correlates well with poor endometrial receptivity. In view of the fact that pinopodes are essential for successful embryo implantation, it is suggested that morphologically abnormal pinopodes in RSM is possibly one of the main causes adversely affecting implantation of the embryo.
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