Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735404
S. K. Rai, Piyali Basak
Ability of the hydrogels to absorb and retain fluids and bioactive materials made them the centre of attraction for researchers. Physiochemical properties (e.g. swelling, ionic strength etc) of a hydrogel can be changed by varying the concentration of crosslinker and by crosslinker itself. These changes are exploited for various purposes such as controlled and sustained drug delivery systems, biosensors etc. We have crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol chemically with different acid crosslinkers such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, citric acid and tartaric acid. Effect of crosslinking ratio on swelling of hydrogels in different pH solution including water has been studied. Besides that FTIR of the hydrogels reveal the chemical changes during crosslinking. Biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated through MTT assay.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel","authors":"S. K. Rai, Piyali Basak","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735404","url":null,"abstract":"Ability of the hydrogels to absorb and retain fluids and bioactive materials made them the centre of attraction for researchers. Physiochemical properties (e.g. swelling, ionic strength etc) of a hydrogel can be changed by varying the concentration of crosslinker and by crosslinker itself. These changes are exploited for various purposes such as controlled and sustained drug delivery systems, biosensors etc. We have crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol chemically with different acid crosslinkers such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, citric acid and tartaric acid. Effect of crosslinking ratio on swelling of hydrogels in different pH solution including water has been studied. Besides that FTIR of the hydrogels reveal the chemical changes during crosslinking. Biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated through MTT assay.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735382
P. Mahalakshmi, M. R. Reddy
The use of auditory models in cochlear implant speech processing strategies aims to improve cochlear implantee's perception of speech. Current speech processing strategies for cochlear implants use an IIR filter bank which decomposes the audio signals into multiple frequency bands each associated with one electrode. This paper describes a 16-channel non-uniformly spaced, high stop band attenuation (≅ −60dB) finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank model for cochlear implants and how speech intelligibility is evaluated as a function of various parameters in cochlear implant processors. The design has the advantages of higher stop band attenuation and linear phase frequency response. The filter bank implemented is successfully tested using speech signals extracted from TIMIT database and their band energies are calculated which are useful in estimating the stimulation pulse level to be generated and presented to the cochlear electrodes.
{"title":"Signal analysis by using FIR filter banks in cochlear implant prostheses","authors":"P. Mahalakshmi, M. R. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735382","url":null,"abstract":"The use of auditory models in cochlear implant speech processing strategies aims to improve cochlear implantee's perception of speech. Current speech processing strategies for cochlear implants use an IIR filter bank which decomposes the audio signals into multiple frequency bands each associated with one electrode. This paper describes a 16-channel non-uniformly spaced, high stop band attenuation (≅ −60dB) finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank model for cochlear implants and how speech intelligibility is evaluated as a function of various parameters in cochlear implant processors. The design has the advantages of higher stop band attenuation and linear phase frequency response. The filter bank implemented is successfully tested using speech signals extracted from TIMIT database and their band energies are calculated which are useful in estimating the stimulation pulse level to be generated and presented to the cochlear electrodes.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122064639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735347
A. Prabhakar, S. Mukherji
In this report a microfluidic chip with embedded C-shaped waveguides was fabricated and study was performed to determine its biosensing capabilities. The general fabrication procedure to couple the microchannel network with C-bend waveguides was a single step process in which the photo resist SU-8 layer was patterned into optical structures (C-bend waveguides), fiber-to-waveguide coupler and microchannel network structures (Fig. 2) using single mask (Fig. 1). The device was tested for sensitivity to refractive index variation in the analyte (by passing sucrose solutions of varying concentrations) as well as evanescent wave absorption (by passing various concentrations of Methylene Blue dye solutions) as explained in Fig 3 and Fig 4. These embedded C-shaped waveguide probes demonstrated biosensing with the help of Human IgG (HIgG) - FITC tagged goat anti IgG(GaHIgG) biomolecules as bioreceptor-analyte pair. For HIgG immobilization on C-shaped SU-8 waveguide the glycine was used as crosslinkers, before applying the carbodiimide/succinimide chemistry over the waveguide surface. The analyte (FITC tagged GaHIgG) was passed through the micro-channel embedded with the C-shaped waveguide. The antigen- antibody interaction and binding results in to the absorption of evanescent field by FITC tagged GaHIgG bio-molecule, causing a drop in light intensity output of the waveguide which was detected and calibrated. The results indicated that C-shaped waveguides can be used easily for more sensitive bio sensing of biomolecules either by evanescent wave absorption or by changes associated with refractive index in the microenvironment around a waveguide.
{"title":"C-shaped embedded polymer waveguide for evanescent field absorption based lab on a chip biosensor","authors":"A. Prabhakar, S. Mukherji","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735347","url":null,"abstract":"In this report a microfluidic chip with embedded C-shaped waveguides was fabricated and study was performed to determine its biosensing capabilities. The general fabrication procedure to couple the microchannel network with C-bend waveguides was a single step process in which the photo resist SU-8 layer was patterned into optical structures (C-bend waveguides), fiber-to-waveguide coupler and microchannel network structures (Fig. 2) using single mask (Fig. 1). The device was tested for sensitivity to refractive index variation in the analyte (by passing sucrose solutions of varying concentrations) as well as evanescent wave absorption (by passing various concentrations of Methylene Blue dye solutions) as explained in Fig 3 and Fig 4. These embedded C-shaped waveguide probes demonstrated biosensing with the help of Human IgG (HIgG) - FITC tagged goat anti IgG(GaHIgG) biomolecules as bioreceptor-analyte pair. For HIgG immobilization on C-shaped SU-8 waveguide the glycine was used as crosslinkers, before applying the carbodiimide/succinimide chemistry over the waveguide surface. The analyte (FITC tagged GaHIgG) was passed through the micro-channel embedded with the C-shaped waveguide. The antigen- antibody interaction and binding results in to the absorption of evanescent field by FITC tagged GaHIgG bio-molecule, causing a drop in light intensity output of the waveguide which was detected and calibrated. The results indicated that C-shaped waveguides can be used easily for more sensitive bio sensing of biomolecules either by evanescent wave absorption or by changes associated with refractive index in the microenvironment around a waveguide.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735334
Ratnesh Kumar
Neuro-rehabilitation is a speciality of neuroscience, which deals with study and application of complex medical processes aiming at recovery from injury of nervous system and to compensate its functional alterations due to brain or spine injury. Rehabilitation promotes their skills to work at the highest possible level of independence and rebuild self-esteem. The sensory and cognitive (thought, memory, decision-making) rehabilitation management typically involves retraining neural pathways to regain or improve neurocognitive functions compromized by disease or injury, using various procedures including technology. In the past the role of Rehabilitation technology was mostly focused to quantify treatment progress and cognitive functions. With newer approaches like neural prosthesis, wireless transmission of biomedical signal, bionics, etc.- the concept has changed. There is further need to develop and customize technology as per our need as, in India, locomotor disability constitute more than 50% and is increasing further. In the last decade there has been significant developments in the area of FES, Stabilometry/force plate, Gait analysis, Metabolic analyzer, EEG/EMG signal processing, etc. The goal of professionals including engineers/doctors/paramedics in neuro-rehabilitation is to normalize tone, to inhibit primitive patterns of movement and to facilitate automatic, voluntary reactions and subsequent normal patterns.With the better understanding the pathophysiology, advancement of medical science and engineering inputs, the concept of rehabilitation and its demand in society has changed now. The fast increase in life modifying condition like trauma, diabetes, hypertension, increase in geriatric population and cases of Cerebral Palsy has led to increase in conditions requiring neuro-rehabilitation and hence looks toward better services and technology.
{"title":"Neural rehabilitation - the role of technology in medicine","authors":"Ratnesh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735334","url":null,"abstract":"Neuro-rehabilitation is a speciality of neuroscience, which deals with study and application of complex medical processes aiming at recovery from injury of nervous system and to compensate its functional alterations due to brain or spine injury. Rehabilitation promotes their skills to work at the highest possible level of independence and rebuild self-esteem. The sensory and cognitive (thought, memory, decision-making) rehabilitation management typically involves retraining neural pathways to regain or improve neurocognitive functions compromized by disease or injury, using various procedures including technology. In the past the role of Rehabilitation technology was mostly focused to quantify treatment progress and cognitive functions. With newer approaches like neural prosthesis, wireless transmission of biomedical signal, bionics, etc.- the concept has changed. There is further need to develop and customize technology as per our need as, in India, locomotor disability constitute more than 50% and is increasing further. In the last decade there has been significant developments in the area of FES, Stabilometry/force plate, Gait analysis, Metabolic analyzer, EEG/EMG signal processing, etc. The goal of professionals including engineers/doctors/paramedics in neuro-rehabilitation is to normalize tone, to inhibit primitive patterns of movement and to facilitate automatic, voluntary reactions and subsequent normal patterns.With the better understanding the pathophysiology, advancement of medical science and engineering inputs, the concept of rehabilitation and its demand in society has changed now. The fast increase in life modifying condition like trauma, diabetes, hypertension, increase in geriatric population and cases of Cerebral Palsy has led to increase in conditions requiring neuro-rehabilitation and hence looks toward better services and technology.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126279294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735376
A. Mukhopadhyay, U. Maulik, S. Bandyopadhyay, B. Brors
In this article, a Genetic Algorithm-based fuzzy clustering method (GOGA), which incorporates Gene Ontology (GO) knowledge in the clustering process, has been proposed for clustering microarray gene expression data. The proposed technique combines the expression-based and GO-based gene dissimilarity measures for this purpose. Both expression-based and GO-based clustering objectives have been incorporated in the fitness function. The performance of the proposed technique has been demonstrated on real-life Yeast Cell Cycle data set. KEGG pathway based enrichment studies have been conducted for validating the clustering results.
{"title":"GOGA: GO-driven Genetic Algorithm-based fuzzy clustering of gene expression data","authors":"A. Mukhopadhyay, U. Maulik, S. Bandyopadhyay, B. Brors","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735376","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a Genetic Algorithm-based fuzzy clustering method (GOGA), which incorporates Gene Ontology (GO) knowledge in the clustering process, has been proposed for clustering microarray gene expression data. The proposed technique combines the expression-based and GO-based gene dissimilarity measures for this purpose. Both expression-based and GO-based clustering objectives have been incorporated in the fitness function. The performance of the proposed technique has been demonstrated on real-life Yeast Cell Cycle data set. KEGG pathway based enrichment studies have been conducted for validating the clustering results.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125009420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735379
S. Sabut, Ratnesh Kumar, M. Mahadevappa
A real-time detection of the foot pressure sensor with feedback controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for the correction of foot drop in hemiplegics has been developed and tested with a volunteer. The foot pressure signals from subject were utilised as modulating signal and controlling the stimulation amplitude of the FES system. These foot pressure detectors are the essential component of a cycle-to-cycle controller for FES gait. It will determine the foot pressure when the affected leg of subject at stance phase of gait cycle. The controller then will assess the pressure on the sensors and serve as a real time controlled for adjustment of the intensity of electrical stimulation, which is to be used for the next gait cycle while the subject is walking using FES device. At the same time the heel switch was used to measure the gait parameters such as stride length and walking speed during walking experiments, proved the effectiveness of the system.
{"title":"Design of an insole embedded foot pressure sensor controlled FES system for foot drop in stroke patients","authors":"S. Sabut, Ratnesh Kumar, M. Mahadevappa","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735379","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time detection of the foot pressure sensor with feedback controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for the correction of foot drop in hemiplegics has been developed and tested with a volunteer. The foot pressure signals from subject were utilised as modulating signal and controlling the stimulation amplitude of the FES system. These foot pressure detectors are the essential component of a cycle-to-cycle controller for FES gait. It will determine the foot pressure when the affected leg of subject at stance phase of gait cycle. The controller then will assess the pressure on the sensors and serve as a real time controlled for adjustment of the intensity of electrical stimulation, which is to be used for the next gait cycle while the subject is walking using FES device. At the same time the heel switch was used to measure the gait parameters such as stride length and walking speed during walking experiments, proved the effectiveness of the system.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121670663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735355
Kedarnath Senapati, S. Kar, A. Routray
A novel and robust technique is described for removing electroencephalogram (EEG) artifacts resulting from ocular muscles contraction during eye movements. We present a new method to remove ocular artifacts from raw EEG signals. This technique is based on the S-transform (ST), a mathematical operation that produces frequency content at each time point within a time-varying signal. The S-transform generates high magnitude S-coefficients at the instants of artifact generation in the signal. A statistical threshold function has been applied to filter out the artifacts in the S-domain. The major advantage of ST-filtering is that the artifacts may be removed within a narrow time frame, while preserving the frequency information at all other time points. It also preserves the absolutely referenced phase information of the signal after removing the artifacts.
{"title":"A new technique for removal of ocular artifacts from EEG signals using S-transform","authors":"Kedarnath Senapati, S. Kar, A. Routray","doi":"10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMB.2010.5735355","url":null,"abstract":"A novel and robust technique is described for removing electroencephalogram (EEG) artifacts resulting from ocular muscles contraction during eye movements. We present a new method to remove ocular artifacts from raw EEG signals. This technique is based on the S-transform (ST), a mathematical operation that produces frequency content at each time point within a time-varying signal. The S-transform generates high magnitude S-coefficients at the instants of artifact generation in the signal. A statistical threshold function has been applied to filter out the artifacts in the S-domain. The major advantage of ST-filtering is that the artifacts may be removed within a narrow time frame, while preserving the frequency information at all other time points. It also preserves the absolutely referenced phase information of the signal after removing the artifacts.","PeriodicalId":297136,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122233672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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