Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1667497864
S. Yordanova, M. Slavov
Efficient control of liquid level - in a carbonization column (CCl) of soda ash production plants - is a difficult task because the plants are nonlinear, subjected to disturbances and lack a reliable mathematical model. To attain such efficient control, model-free fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) based on empirical knowledge are successfully developed and implemented, and adaptation mechanisms are added to aid the FLC tuning and compensate for plant changes. However, the stability analysis - of the adaptive FLC (AFLC) systems - is a critical issue that needs addressing. For this reason, the current investigation is devoted to the development of a method for analyzing AFLC system stability using robust stability and robust performance criteria. The suggested method is employed for the stability analysis of a designed PID AFLC utilized for liquid level control in an industrial CCl. The obtained results reveal that the AFLC preserves stability and high system performance in the whole range of adaptation and considered changes of the plant and the operation conditions. Moreover, the results unveil that the developed method can also be applied for the design of a robust FLC system that competes with adaptive counterparts.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Model-Free Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control System Applied for Liquid Level Control in Soda Production.","authors":"S. Yordanova, M. Slavov","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1667497864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1667497864","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient control of liquid level - in a carbonization column (CCl) of soda ash production plants - is a difficult task because the plants are nonlinear, subjected to disturbances and lack a reliable mathematical model. To attain such efficient control, model-free fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) based on empirical knowledge are successfully developed and implemented, and adaptation mechanisms are added to aid the FLC tuning and compensate for plant changes. However, the stability analysis - of the adaptive FLC (AFLC) systems - is a critical issue that needs addressing. For this reason, the current investigation is devoted to the development of a method for analyzing AFLC system stability using robust stability and robust performance criteria. The suggested method is employed for the stability analysis of a designed PID AFLC utilized for liquid level control in an industrial CCl. The obtained results reveal that the AFLC preserves stability and high system performance in the whole range of adaptation and considered changes of the plant and the operation conditions. Moreover, the results unveil that the developed method can also be applied for the design of a robust FLC system that competes with adaptive counterparts.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1668454435
A. Hassani, Y. Garrouani, F. Mrabti, F. Abdi
Multiple access interference (MAI) is one of the most important issues to consider in the design, implementation and operation of 5G systems using code division multiple access (CDMA) technique based on spread spectrum that offers a more flexible solution, compared to other techniques. Especially, it permits a much higher user bit rate, due to the bandwidth allocated to the emitted signal; thus, allowing very attractive multimedia services. In this paper, we develop the expressions of the detection probability, false alarm probability and the average acquisition time - in a direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) transmission system - using a serial search and taking into consideration MAI. The evolution of these parameters according to the signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) and the decision threshold leads to study performances of the system in terms of detection and average acquisition time. The obtained results reveal that the acquisition time decreases when the SNR increases. Additionally, it is found that the probability of detection increases when the threshold decreases, and increasing SNR it reaches a constant value for an SNR/chip around 0 dB for all thresholds.
{"title":"Acquisition Time and Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm in Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access Systems","authors":"A. Hassani, Y. Garrouani, F. Mrabti, F. Abdi","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1668454435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1668454435","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple access interference (MAI) is one of the most important issues to consider in the design, implementation and operation of 5G systems using code division multiple access (CDMA) technique based on spread spectrum that offers a more flexible solution, compared to other techniques. Especially, it permits a much higher user bit rate, due to the bandwidth allocated to the emitted signal; thus, allowing very attractive multimedia services. In this paper, we develop the expressions of the detection probability, false alarm probability and the average acquisition time - in a direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) transmission system - using a serial search and taking into consideration MAI. The evolution of these parameters according to the signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) and the decision threshold leads to study performances of the system in terms of detection and average acquisition time. The obtained results reveal that the acquisition time decreases when the SNR increases. Additionally, it is found that the probability of detection increases when the threshold decreases, and increasing SNR it reaches a constant value for an SNR/chip around 0 dB for all thresholds.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1669996684
M. Khaleel, Z. Yusupov, M. Guneser, Tahir Ghandoori, A. Abulifa, A. Ahmed, Abdulgader Alsharif
Integration of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with electrical power grid (EPG) can improve the power quality (PQ) of EPG by injecting the required power. However, this makes the PQ issue more complicated due to the negative impact of voltage sag on EPG. Unfortunately, the classical P-I controllers fail in eliminating the voltage sag. In this context, this paper, attempts to mitigate the voltage sag in an interconnected PEMFC-EPG system by utilizing advanced equilibrium optimizer (AEO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) controllers, and their efficiency is demonstrated by comparison with conventional P-I controllers. To achieve this goal, the AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC are employed in the EPG line with different fault scenarios. The obtained results unveil that both AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC provide the needed boost of voltage in the single line-to-ground faults (SLGF) scenario by 100.00%. For double line-to-ground faults (DLGF) scenario, a voltage boost of 99.56% and 98.39% is achieved while a voltage boost of 98.50% and 97.45% for the three line-to-ground faults (TLGF) scenario is obtained by the AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Fuel Cells on Voltage Sag Mitigation in Power Grids Using Advanced Equilibrium Optimizer and Particle Swarm Optimization","authors":"M. Khaleel, Z. Yusupov, M. Guneser, Tahir Ghandoori, A. Abulifa, A. Ahmed, Abdulgader Alsharif","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1669996684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1669996684","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with electrical power grid (EPG) can improve the power quality (PQ) of EPG by injecting the required power. However, this makes the PQ issue more complicated due to the negative impact of voltage sag on EPG. Unfortunately, the classical P-I controllers fail in eliminating the voltage sag. In this context, this paper, attempts to mitigate the voltage sag in an interconnected PEMFC-EPG system by utilizing advanced equilibrium optimizer (AEO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) controllers, and their efficiency is demonstrated by comparison with conventional P-I controllers. To achieve this goal, the AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC are employed in the EPG line with different fault scenarios. The obtained results unveil that both AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC provide the needed boost of voltage in the single line-to-ground faults (SLGF) scenario by 100.00%. For double line-to-ground faults (DLGF) scenario, a voltage boost of 99.56% and 98.39% is achieved while a voltage boost of 98.50% and 97.45% for the three line-to-ground faults (TLGF) scenario is obtained by the AEO-PEMFC and PSO-PEMFC, respectively.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1666615450
Erol Can
DC-DC converters are electronic circuit elements that are frequently used to change the direct current (DC) level. This paper presents a hybrid buck-boost converter - with constant modulation index - that can change a DC voltage at two directions compared to the conventional buck-boost DC-DC converters. First, the circuit structure and operation are given. Then, the performance of the proposed converter is tested on resistive and inductive loads, and compared with that of conventional buck-boost converters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. They unveil that the proposed converter - compared to the conventional buck-boost converters – produces a higher and flexible rate of conversion without changing the operating ratio of the switches. Moreover, the proposed converter is able to change the voltage on double way on load for a constant operating ratio, while the traditional converters provide a one-way conversion.
{"title":"A Common Capacitor Hybrid Buck-Boost Converter","authors":"Erol Can","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1666615450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1666615450","url":null,"abstract":"DC-DC converters are electronic circuit elements that are frequently used to change the direct current (DC) level. This paper presents a hybrid buck-boost converter - with constant modulation index - that can change a DC voltage at two directions compared to the conventional buck-boost DC-DC converters. First, the circuit structure and operation are given. Then, the performance of the proposed converter is tested on resistive and inductive loads, and compared with that of conventional buck-boost converters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. They unveil that the proposed converter - compared to the conventional buck-boost converters – produces a higher and flexible rate of conversion without changing the operating ratio of the switches. Moreover, the proposed converter is able to change the voltage on double way on load for a constant operating ratio, while the traditional converters provide a one-way conversion.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1667422472
T. Gandomani, Hamid Sichani, Behzad Soleimani Neysiani
The term “code smell” or “bad smell” refers to a code that has been written incorrectly and reflects severe defects in software design. Some code smells cause, particularly, security vulnerabilities in software codes. Until now, identification of these codes is mainly done through software tools and not by process methods or models. Based on the Mikado methodology, this paper proposes a model that uses a syntax-metric parser engine to detect insecure software code bloats and security vulnerabilities. This model, named Touba, assesses and analyzes the discovered cases and provides an interactive method for code review and statistical analysis. Employing the proposed model in testing the Juliet Test Suites shows its outstanding performance in terms of the selected measures of precision, recall, and F-measure. The obtained results show that the proposed model has a better performance - compared to the existing tools - in terms of accuracy by 20.3%, recall by 16.76%, and F-measure by 18.61% on average. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed - security vulnerability identification - model as the main contribution of this investigation.
{"title":"Software Code Bloats and Security Identification Model Based on Mikado Methodology: a Refactoring Practice","authors":"T. Gandomani, Hamid Sichani, Behzad Soleimani Neysiani","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1667422472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1667422472","url":null,"abstract":"The term “code smell” or “bad smell” refers to a code that has been written incorrectly and reflects severe defects in software design. Some code smells cause, particularly, security vulnerabilities in software codes. Until now, identification of these codes is mainly done through software tools and not by process methods or models. Based on the Mikado methodology, this paper proposes a model that uses a syntax-metric parser engine to detect insecure software code bloats and security vulnerabilities. This model, named Touba, assesses and analyzes the discovered cases and provides an interactive method for code review and statistical analysis. Employing the proposed model in testing the Juliet Test Suites shows its outstanding performance in terms of the selected measures of precision, recall, and F-measure. The obtained results show that the proposed model has a better performance - compared to the existing tools - in terms of accuracy by 20.3%, recall by 16.76%, and F-measure by 18.61% on average. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed - security vulnerability identification - model as the main contribution of this investigation.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1667584023
Anik Goswami
The continual search for new sources of renewable energy has resulted in the progress of floating solar photovoltaics (FSP). Since FSP system design and implementation are still in their early stages, efficiency, output and performance studies of FSP systems are not adequately acknowledged. FSPs operate on water; hence their performance differs from that of their equivalent land-based photovoltaics (LBP). The effect of water and humidity on the performance of FSP systems is not adequately discussed in the literature. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of water - especially humidity - on the parameters and overall operation of FSP systems. For this purpose, an experiment is conducted with an FSP module, and the data obtained - over five months – are compared with similar LBP modules to determine the impact of water on the performance of the FSP system. The obtained results show that the FSP system is cooler than the LBP system by 7 ℃. The relative humidity (RH) is found to be higher in the FSP system, and this impacted the performance ratio (PR) of the FSP system. Moreover, it is observed that - despite the fact that RH has an influence on the PR of the FSP system - the FSP system outperforms the LBP system in terms of energy output.
{"title":"Effect of Humidity on the Generation Capacity of Floating Solar Photovoltaic System","authors":"Anik Goswami","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1667584023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1667584023","url":null,"abstract":"The continual search for new sources of renewable energy has resulted in the progress of floating solar photovoltaics (FSP). Since FSP system design and implementation are still in their early stages, efficiency, output and performance studies of FSP systems are not adequately acknowledged. FSPs operate on water; hence their performance differs from that of their equivalent land-based photovoltaics (LBP). The effect of water and humidity on the performance of FSP systems is not adequately discussed in the literature. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of water - especially humidity - on the parameters and overall operation of FSP systems. For this purpose, an experiment is conducted with an FSP module, and the data obtained - over five months – are compared with similar LBP modules to determine the impact of water on the performance of the FSP system. The obtained results show that the FSP system is cooler than the LBP system by 7 ℃. The relative humidity (RH) is found to be higher in the FSP system, and this impacted the performance ratio (PR) of the FSP system. Moreover, it is observed that - despite the fact that RH has an influence on the PR of the FSP system - the FSP system outperforms the LBP system in terms of energy output.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1669826483
M. Kandil, M. Aly, Mohamed Akl, M. Iqbal
This paper presents a low-cost open-source web-based SCADA monitoring system that will provide a new application of real-time instrumentation for monitoring a hybrid photovoltaic-diesel power system. The system’s purpose is to monitor parameters such as the voltage and current of the AC and DC buses. A cheap Arduino acquisition board is the foundation for the system design, as documentation of the board is widely available. Data are displayed through a local host Node-Red and web real-time database system, and the acquisition is accomplished using a reasonably priced current and voltage sensors. To improve the stability and operability of the newly constructed monitoring system, a secure and cost-effective internet connection has been created between external clients and the primary network webserver. Amazon web server is configured to allow access to remote clients when credentials and certificates are verified. The proposed system shows its ability to acquire real-time data by monitoring the hybrid system and storing the data in the client database for future access. Since the proposed system is less costly and time-consuming, and can assimilate and record data more easily, it can readily replace human intervention to avoid errors associated with multimeters’ readings. Eventually, analyzing such data, will lead to enhance both the performance and operational efficiency of the monitored hybrid power system.
{"title":"Monitoring System for a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel Power System: Web-Based SCADA Approach","authors":"M. Kandil, M. Aly, Mohamed Akl, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1669826483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1669826483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low-cost open-source web-based SCADA monitoring system that will provide a new application of real-time instrumentation for monitoring a hybrid photovoltaic-diesel power system. The system’s purpose is to monitor parameters such as the voltage and current of the AC and DC buses. A cheap Arduino acquisition board is the foundation for the system design, as documentation of the board is widely available. Data are displayed through a local host Node-Red and web real-time database system, and the acquisition is accomplished using a reasonably priced current and voltage sensors. To improve the stability and operability of the newly constructed monitoring system, a secure and cost-effective internet connection has been created between external clients and the primary network webserver. Amazon web server is configured to allow access to remote clients when credentials and certificates are verified. The proposed system shows its ability to acquire real-time data by monitoring the hybrid system and storing the data in the client database for future access. Since the proposed system is less costly and time-consuming, and can assimilate and record data more easily, it can readily replace human intervention to avoid errors associated with multimeters’ readings. Eventually, analyzing such data, will lead to enhance both the performance and operational efficiency of the monitored hybrid power system.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1667043172
P.D. Barjoei, Mehrdad Kouhpaei
Solar panels have non-linear current-voltage characteristics and a specified maximum power point, which depends on environmental factors like the solar radiation and ambient temperature. The voltage-power curve of the photovoltaic system has multiple peaks under different atmospheric conditions that reduce the efficiency of the maximum power tracking techniques. This paper proposes an optimal design of a fuzzy controller using particle swarm optimization algorithm to track the maximum power point of a photovoltaic system operating under different conditions to improve its performance. The proposed system optimizes the particle swarm to produce an optimal working coefficient, which varies with photovoltaic parameters to extract maximum power. Results of simulations – performed using the MATLAB software - show the advantages of the proposed method, namely the ability to track the maximum power point in a short time and maintain the output waveform despite the relatively high variations in environmental conditions.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Fuzzy Controller for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Tracking Using Particles Swarm Optimization Algorithm","authors":"P.D. Barjoei, Mehrdad Kouhpaei","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1667043172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1667043172","url":null,"abstract":"Solar panels have non-linear current-voltage characteristics and a specified maximum power point, which depends on environmental factors like the solar radiation and ambient temperature. The voltage-power curve of the photovoltaic system has multiple peaks under different atmospheric conditions that reduce the efficiency of the maximum power tracking techniques. This paper proposes an optimal design of a fuzzy controller using particle swarm optimization algorithm to track the maximum power point of a photovoltaic system operating under different conditions to improve its performance. The proposed system optimizes the particle swarm to produce an optimal working coefficient, which varies with photovoltaic parameters to extract maximum power. Results of simulations – performed using the MATLAB software - show the advantages of the proposed method, namely the ability to track the maximum power point in a short time and maintain the output waveform despite the relatively high variations in environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1669195686
L. Sahoo, M. Ray, B. Ganthia
Buildings consume over 40% of the world’s total energy supply, and their occupancy is increasingly recognized as a major performance indicator due to its effect on a building’s energy costs and occupant satisfaction. In this paper, a hybrid model is created to estimate future loads of a building with high efficiency and accuracy. The proposed model is composed of two - connected in a cascade - artificial neural networks, where the outcomes of the first network are fed into the second one, which in its turn performs the load forecasts. A pre-existing dataset is used to verify the proposed model and to test a variety of training set sizes. Analysis of the results is executed by taking six pair of combinations separately for both open door and closed door fault cases. In this analysis, cascaded back propagation and Elman back propagation method - among the rest of the analyzed methods – is found to give the best accuracy, i.e, 97.2% - 97.9%, which indicates that the suggested hybrid technique is more accurate than the existing non-hybrid methods.
{"title":"Occupancy Detection in a Building Using Hybrid Models","authors":"L. Sahoo, M. Ray, B. Ganthia","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1669195686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1669195686","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings consume over 40% of the world’s total energy supply, and their occupancy is increasingly recognized as a major performance indicator due to its effect on a building’s energy costs and occupant satisfaction. In this paper, a hybrid model is created to estimate future loads of a building with high efficiency and accuracy. The proposed model is composed of two - connected in a cascade - artificial neural networks, where the outcomes of the first network are fed into the second one, which in its turn performs the load forecasts. A pre-existing dataset is used to verify the proposed model and to test a variety of training set sizes. Analysis of the results is executed by taking six pair of combinations separately for both open door and closed door fault cases. In this analysis, cascaded back propagation and Elman back propagation method - among the rest of the analyzed methods – is found to give the best accuracy, i.e, 97.2% - 97.9%, which indicates that the suggested hybrid technique is more accurate than the existing non-hybrid methods.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70822798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1673105856
M. Bilal, W. Harasani, Liang Yang
Rapid prototyping tools have become essential in the race to market. In this work, we have explored employing rapid prototyping approach to develop an intellectual property core for real-time contrast enhancement which is a commonly employed image processing task. Specifically, the task involves real-time contrast enhancement of video frames, which is used to repair washed out (overexposed) or darkened (underexposed) appearance. Such scenario is frequently encountered in video footage captured underwater. Since the imaging conditions are not known a priori, the lower and upper limits of the dynamic range of acquired luminance values need to be adaptively determined and mapped to the full range permitted by the allocated bitwidth so that the processed image has a high-contrast appearance. This paper describes a hardware implementation of this operation using contrast stretching algorithm with the help of Simulink high-level synthesis tool using rapid prototyping paradigm. The developed model can be directly used as a drop-in module in larger computer vision systems to enhance Simulink computer vision toolbox capabilities, which does not support this operation for direct FPGA implementation yet. The synthesized core consumes less than 1% of total FPGA slice logic resources while dissipating only 7 mW dynamic power. To this end, look-up table has been employed to implement the division operator which otherwise requires exorbitantly large number of logic resources. Moreover, an online algorithm has been proposed which avoids multiple memory accesses. The hardware module has been tested in a real-time video processing scenario at 100 MHz clock rate and depicts functional accuracy at par with the software while consuming lower logic resources than competitive designs. These results demonstrate that the appropriate use of modern rapid prototyping tools can be highly effective in reducing the development time without compromising the functional accuracy and resource utilization.
{"title":"Rapid Prototyping of Image Contrast Enhancement Hardware Accelerator on FPGAs Using High-Level Synthesis Tools","authors":"M. Bilal, W. Harasani, Liang Yang","doi":"10.5455/jjee.204-1673105856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1673105856","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid prototyping tools have become essential in the race to market. In this work, we have explored employing rapid prototyping approach to develop an intellectual property core for real-time contrast enhancement which is a commonly employed image processing task. Specifically, the task involves real-time contrast enhancement of video frames, which is used to repair washed out (overexposed) or darkened (underexposed) appearance. Such scenario is frequently encountered in video footage captured underwater. Since the imaging conditions are not known a priori, the lower and upper limits of the dynamic range of acquired luminance values need to be adaptively determined and mapped to the full range permitted by the allocated bitwidth so that the processed image has a high-contrast appearance. This paper describes a hardware implementation of this operation using contrast stretching algorithm with the help of Simulink high-level synthesis tool using rapid prototyping paradigm. The developed model can be directly used as a drop-in module in larger computer vision systems to enhance Simulink computer vision toolbox capabilities, which does not support this operation for direct FPGA implementation yet. The synthesized core consumes less than 1% of total FPGA slice logic resources while dissipating only 7 mW dynamic power. To this end, look-up table has been employed to implement the division operator which otherwise requires exorbitantly large number of logic resources. Moreover, an online algorithm has been proposed which avoids multiple memory accesses. The hardware module has been tested in a real-time video processing scenario at 100 MHz clock rate and depicts functional accuracy at par with the software while consuming lower logic resources than competitive designs. These results demonstrate that the appropriate use of modern rapid prototyping tools can be highly effective in reducing the development time without compromising the functional accuracy and resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":29729,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70823264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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