Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021044
A. Makarychev, Lane Crothers
This special issue is a collection of articles whose authors explore different forms of populism in countries located beyond the Western core and therefore much less known to specialists in the field. The country-based case studies selected for this issue reflect diversity of populist forces in non-central polities in Europe. Each of them has a rich legacy of conflicts and controversies with major European powers, which serves as one of powerful sources of contemporary populist discourses, pushing many of them towards national reassertion and EU-skepticism. The articles collected in this issue cover a variety of aspects of populist politics. Olga Lavrinenko speaks about ‘technocratic populism’ in Hungary and Czech Republic, Alexandra Yatsyk addresses ‘biopolitical populism’ in Poland, Ionut Chiruta explores memory-based populism in Romania, Michael Cole and Silas Marker engage ideologically explicit forms of populism, with strong nationalist and ethno-religious connotations, in (correspondingly) Georgia and Denmark, and Aliaksei Kazharski with Andrey Makarychev analyze performative populism in Slovakia and Estonia. Lavrinenko’s article on technocratic populism represents a particularly tough challenge to the habitual categorizations of populist narratives as an expressive and emotive opposition to post-political / administrative / managerial policy making. In her study she argues that populism has colonized the whole political spectrum and does not respect the traditional left-right or liberal conservative divides. This assumption is also shared by Kazharski and Makarychev who conclude that in Estonia and Slovakia populist methods of gaining public visibility in the media and performatively addressing ‘the people’ are spread all across the entire political spectrum. The inscription of populist approaches and narratives into administrative and managerial logics blurs the line between populism and technocracy. By the same token, a conceptualization of populism as an “economic project” grounded in a certain type of expertise and knowledge opens new avenues for—perhaps paradoxically—examining populism from a Foucault-inspired governmentality perspective. The variety of social, cultural and political spheres where populism exposes itself as a discourse
{"title":"Assessing Populism at Europe’s Margins: Pervasive, Performative, Persistent","authors":"A. Makarychev, Lane Crothers","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021044","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is a collection of articles whose authors explore different forms of populism in countries located beyond the Western core and therefore much less known to specialists in the field. The country-based case studies selected for this issue reflect diversity of populist forces in non-central polities in Europe. Each of them has a rich legacy of conflicts and controversies with major European powers, which serves as one of powerful sources of contemporary populist discourses, pushing many of them towards national reassertion and EU-skepticism. The articles collected in this issue cover a variety of aspects of populist politics. Olga Lavrinenko speaks about ‘technocratic populism’ in Hungary and Czech Republic, Alexandra Yatsyk addresses ‘biopolitical populism’ in Poland, Ionut Chiruta explores memory-based populism in Romania, Michael Cole and Silas Marker engage ideologically explicit forms of populism, with strong nationalist and ethno-religious connotations, in (correspondingly) Georgia and Denmark, and Aliaksei Kazharski with Andrey Makarychev analyze performative populism in Slovakia and Estonia. Lavrinenko’s article on technocratic populism represents a particularly tough challenge to the habitual categorizations of populist narratives as an expressive and emotive opposition to post-political / administrative / managerial policy making. In her study she argues that populism has colonized the whole political spectrum and does not respect the traditional left-right or liberal conservative divides. This assumption is also shared by Kazharski and Makarychev who conclude that in Estonia and Slovakia populist methods of gaining public visibility in the media and performatively addressing ‘the people’ are spread all across the entire political spectrum. The inscription of populist approaches and narratives into administrative and managerial logics blurs the line between populism and technocracy. By the same token, a conceptualization of populism as an “economic project” grounded in a certain type of expertise and knowledge opens new avenues for—perhaps paradoxically—examining populism from a Foucault-inspired governmentality perspective. The variety of social, cultural and political spheres where populism exposes itself as a discourse","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1163/25888072-bja10010
Michael Cole
Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
{"title":"A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour","authors":"Michael Cole","doi":"10.1163/25888072-bja10010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-bja10010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-bja10010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021042
Ralph Schroeder
The idea that populism is a ‘thin ideology’—unlike other full-bodied ‘thick’ ideologies like conservatism or socialism—has come close to being an orthodoxy among populism scholars. This paper challenges that view and argues that it is at best an open question whether populism meets the criteria of a thick ideology, which should be whether it offers a comprehensive program of political change and whether it has staying power. This argument will be made by reference to three countries, the United States, Sweden and India, all of which have recently seen a populist turn. The paper first summarizes debates about populism, ideology and social change. Then it provides a brief account of populism in the three country cases and argues that their populist turns may be a coherent and lasting new departure. The paper concludes with reflections about the broader ramifications of populism as ‘thick’ versus ‘thin’.
{"title":"The Dangerous Myth of Populism as a Thin Ideology","authors":"Ralph Schroeder","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The idea that populism is a ‘thin ideology’—unlike other full-bodied ‘thick’ ideologies like conservatism or socialism—has come close to being an orthodoxy among populism scholars. This paper challenges that view and argues that it is at best an open question whether populism meets the criteria of a thick ideology, which should be whether it offers a comprehensive program of political change and whether it has staying power. This argument will be made by reference to three countries, the United States, Sweden and India, all of which have recently seen a populist turn. The paper first summarizes debates about populism, ideology and social change. Then it provides a brief account of populism in the three country cases and argues that their populist turns may be a coherent and lasting new departure. The paper concludes with reflections about the broader ramifications of populism as ‘thick’ versus ‘thin’.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021039
Tristan Guerra, C. Alexandre, Frédéric Gonthier
There has been much speculation as to how to interpret the Yellow Vest movement in France. Building on a survey of more than 5,000 Yellow Vests, this research report argues that producerism is key to make sense of the protesters’ populist attitudes and relationship to politics.
{"title":"Populist Attitudes among the French Yellow Vests","authors":"Tristan Guerra, C. Alexandre, Frédéric Gonthier","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There has been much speculation as to how to interpret the Yellow Vest movement in France. Building on a survey of more than 5,000 Yellow Vests, this research report argues that producerism is key to make sense of the protesters’ populist attitudes and relationship to politics.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021029
Paul K. Adler, Todd N. Tucker
The policy process literature focuses on technocratic insiders, while scholarship on populism hones in on demagogic outsiders. The latter’s distrust of elites, compromise, and nuance makes them potentially effective in opposition or government, but less obviously as intervenors in policy formation between elections. We argue that, under certain conditions, populists can effectively insert themselves into policy processes without seizing power or even reducing the basic polarity they believe exists between “the elite” and “the people.” In particular, populists can “monkey wrench” the policy process by getting maligned elites to act against their own interests, even if the populists themselves can agree on no alternative policies. Using original archival materials, we illustrate how the transnational movement against the Multilateral Agreement on Investment in the late 1990s deployed monkey-wrenching. In so doing, we contribute to an understanding of how Benjamin Moffitt’s conception of the populist style can be deployed to analyze left-wing transnational nongovernmental policy entrepreneurs, instead of the right-wing national government aspirants who are often focused upon in political science research on populism. We conclude that interdisciplinary scholarship between political scientists and historians can identify circumstances when populists’ influence on policy is more likely.
{"title":"Operation Monkey Wrench: Toward a Populist Policy Process?","authors":"Paul K. Adler, Todd N. Tucker","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The policy process literature focuses on technocratic insiders, while scholarship on populism hones in on demagogic outsiders. The latter’s distrust of elites, compromise, and nuance makes them potentially effective in opposition or government, but less obviously as intervenors in policy formation between elections. We argue that, under certain conditions, populists can effectively insert themselves into policy processes without seizing power or even reducing the basic polarity they believe exists between “the elite” and “the people.” In particular, populists can “monkey wrench” the policy process by getting maligned elites to act against their own interests, even if the populists themselves can agree on no alternative policies. Using original archival materials, we illustrate how the transnational movement against the Multilateral Agreement on Investment in the late 1990s deployed monkey-wrenching. In so doing, we contribute to an understanding of how Benjamin Moffitt’s conception of the populist style can be deployed to analyze left-wing transnational nongovernmental policy entrepreneurs, instead of the right-wing national government aspirants who are often focused upon in political science research on populism. We conclude that interdisciplinary scholarship between political scientists and historians can identify circumstances when populists’ influence on policy is more likely.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44062600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021032
Carola Schoor
This article clarifies how elitist elements are integrated into populist discourse by analyzing political speeches using this incongruent style. First, it introduces a method to identify populist, elitist, and pluralist discourse based on a shared logic, defining populism at an intercontextual level. Second, speeches by Donald Trump (US), Boris Johnson (UK), and Thierry Baudet (NL) are analyzed in their contexts to clarify their political styles and are then compared to see where these styles meet. The populism-elitism mix goes well with nationalism, as all three politicians combine the style with a nationalist ideology, which unites the people with the elite. Coalitions are created between the people and the “good” elite to fight the “bad” elite. Furthermore, the mix has rhetorical-strategic advantages, such as profiling oneself as unique on the political field. Overall, the blend shows political significance, justifying thoughtful academic consideration alongside the broad attention for full populism.
{"title":"Where the Real People Meet the Real Elite","authors":"Carola Schoor","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article clarifies how elitist elements are integrated into populist discourse by analyzing political speeches using this incongruent style. First, it introduces a method to identify populist, elitist, and pluralist discourse based on a shared logic, defining populism at an intercontextual level. Second, speeches by Donald Trump (US), Boris Johnson (UK), and Thierry Baudet (NL) are analyzed in their contexts to clarify their political styles and are then compared to see where these styles meet. The populism-elitism mix goes well with nationalism, as all three politicians combine the style with a nationalist ideology, which unites the people with the elite. Coalitions are created between the people and the “good” elite to fight the “bad” elite. Furthermore, the mix has rhetorical-strategic advantages, such as profiling oneself as unique on the political field. Overall, the blend shows political significance, justifying thoughtful academic consideration alongside the broad attention for full populism.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021034
M. Bitschnau
{"title":"Populism Around the World: A Comparative Perspective, edited by Daniel Stockemer","authors":"M. Bitschnau","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43360294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021028
Krisztián Szabados
The rise of populism coincides with a new wave of anti-intellectualism, articulated in the “War on Science.” This paper argues that there is no empirical evidence that the global surge of populism is accompanied by a general anti-science trend. However, there are similarities between the dissemination of scientific falsehoods in mass media and social media and the ways populist politicians use media to their end. First, this paper analyzes the history and the underlying sociological, psychological and cultural causes of the anti-science dispositions. Then, through the case studies of the U.S., Russia, Turkey and Hungary, the attitudes populist leaders exhibit towards science is discussed. Finally, the paper synthesizes the applicable scholarly literature from various disciplines to create an adequate framework for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary communication strategy for the pro-science camp.
{"title":"Can We Win the War on Science? Understanding the Link between Political Populism and Anti-Science Politics","authors":"Krisztián Szabados","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The rise of populism coincides with a new wave of anti-intellectualism, articulated in the “War on Science.” This paper argues that there is no empirical evidence that the global surge of populism is accompanied by a general anti-science trend. However, there are similarities between the dissemination of scientific falsehoods in mass media and social media and the ways populist politicians use media to their end. First, this paper analyzes the history and the underlying sociological, psychological and cultural causes of the anti-science dispositions. Then, through the case studies of the U.S., Russia, Turkey and Hungary, the attitudes populist leaders exhibit towards science is discussed. Finally, the paper synthesizes the applicable scholarly literature from various disciplines to create an adequate framework for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary communication strategy for the pro-science camp.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021036
C. Miller-Idriss
{"title":"The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy","authors":"C. Miller-Idriss","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.1163/25888072-02021027
Amy Skonieczny, A. Wahlrab
It is now without question that populism is spreading around the globe. However, what populism is, how it should be understood and whether or not it is a useful and functional concept is still decidedly under debate. In this Special Issue of Populism, our authors dive into the heart of an emerging and explosive research agenda, and bring insight, empirical data and new ways of connecting populism to globalism in a worldwide context. In our introduction to the issue Emerging Global Populisms, we situate the contributing articles and discuss the contributions in light of the broader research on populism in a global setting.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Exploring Global Populisms","authors":"Amy Skonieczny, A. Wahlrab","doi":"10.1163/25888072-02021027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000It is now without question that populism is spreading around the globe. However, what populism is, how it should be understood and whether or not it is a useful and functional concept is still decidedly under debate. In this Special Issue of Populism, our authors dive into the heart of an emerging and explosive research agenda, and bring insight, empirical data and new ways of connecting populism to globalism in a worldwide context. In our introduction to the issue Emerging Global Populisms, we situate the contributing articles and discuss the contributions in light of the broader research on populism in a global setting.","PeriodicalId":29733,"journal":{"name":"Populism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/25888072-02021027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：