American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Population differences in dental cementum growth rates: Implications for using cementum thickness as a method for age estimation","authors":"Paola Cerrito,&nbsp;Blessy E. Cherian,&nbsp;Bin Hu,&nbsp;Timothy G. Bromage","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24985","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24985","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age at death estimation is a key element to many research questions in biological anthropology, archeology, and forensic science. Dental cementum is a tissue of choice for the estimation of age at death in adult individuals as it continues deposition for the entirety of an individual's life. Previous works have devised regression formulas correlating cementum thickness to age at death. However, interpopulation variances are unknown, and it is therefore not clear whether regressions based on a single population are applicable to individuals with different ancestries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we use a sample (<i>n</i> = 52) of teeth from individuals with known age at tooth extraction/death of European, African, and East Asian ancestry to assess whether there are interpopulations differences in cementum growth rate. We measured growth rate in four different areas (2nd and 5th decile of both the lingual and buccal aspect of the root) of each tooth and used nonparametric tests to evaluate population differences in growth rate between homologous regions of the teeth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of the analyses show that, even after controlling for tooth size, individuals of European ancestry have significantly lower growth rates than those of both African and East Asian ancestry across all four tooth areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results call into question the applicability of the regression formulas derived from European ancestry individuals to individuals of other ancestries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endocast morphology of LES1, Homo naledi","authors":"Shawn D. Hurst,&nbsp;Ralph L. Holloway,&nbsp;Antoine Balzeau,&nbsp;Heather M. Garvin,&nbsp;William B. Vanti,&nbsp;Lee R. Berger,&nbsp;John Hawks","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24983","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24983","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Homo</i> naledi is near the extreme of small brain size within <i>Homo</i> but is easily recognized as <i>Homo</i> in other aspects of endocast morphology. This study adds new evidence of the endocast morphology of <i>H.</i> naledi by describing the Lesedi Hominin 1 (LES1) endocranium from the Lesedi Chamber and compares it to the previously known <i>H.</i> naledi individual Dinaledi Hominin 3 (DH3) as well as other hominin taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined interlandmark distances with both univariate and multivariate methods in multiple hominin taxa and both species of <i>Pan</i>. For each distance, we compared groups using adjusted <i>Z</i>-scores (Azs). Our multivariate analyses included both principal component analyses (PCA) and linear discriminant analyses (LDA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DH3 and LES1 each have absolute third frontal convolution measures that enter the upper half of the variation for <i>Homo sapiens, Homo erectus</i>, and <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>. Examined relative to the cube root of endocranial volume, <i>H.</i> naledi ranks among the highest values in these samples of <i>Homo</i>. Both absolute and relative values for <i>H.</i> naledi specimens are far above <i>Pan, Australopithecus</i>, and <i>Paranthropus</i>, suggesting an expanded Broca's area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both qualitative and quantitative analyses show consistency between LES1 and other <i>H.</i> naledi endocasts and confirm the shared morphology of <i>H.</i> naledi with <i>H. sapiens</i>, <i>H. neanderthalensis</i>, and some specimens of <i>H. erectus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on: Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains – An update on Brickley and Morgan (2023)","authors":"Megan B. Brickley","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24982","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within anthropology, bioarchaeologists working in paleopathology are increasingly tackling questions of global significance regarding the past, present, and future of human communities. Greater levels of interdisciplinarity and moves towards transdisciplinary research now typically characterize bioarchaeology and paleopathology (Buikstra et al., <span>2022</span>). Such developments have helped broaden and clarify long-term perspectives on rickets and vitamin D status, but how these advances take shape requires significant anthropological rigor and care. This commentary proposes a temporary pause on using microscopic mineralization defects in bones and teeth to suggest the highest level of diagnostic certainty in rickets as presented by Brickley and Morgan (<span>2023</span>, p.641).</p><p><b>Megan B. Brickley:</b> Conceptualization (lead); funding acquisition (lead); writing – original draft (lead); writing – review and editing (lead).</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strontium isotopes track female dispersal in Taï chimpanzees","authors":"Renee D. Boucher,&nbsp;Roman M. Wittig,&nbsp;Sylvain R. T. Lemoine,&nbsp;Aleksey Maro,&nbsp;Xueye Wang,&nbsp;Paul L. Koch,&nbsp;Vicky M. Oelze","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24981","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24981","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) are patrilocal, with males remaining in their natal community and females dispersing when they reach sexual maturity. However, the details of female chimpanzee dispersal, such as their possible origin, are difficult to assess, even in habituated communities. This study investigates the utility of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analysis for (1) assessing Sr baseline differences between chimpanzee territories and (2) identifying the status (immigrant or natal) of females of unknown origin within the territories of five neighboring communities in Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To create a local Sr isoscape for the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) study area, we sampled environmental samples from TCP-established territories (<i>n</i> = 35). To assess dispersal patterns, 34 tooth enamel samples (one per individual) were selected from the Taï chimpanzee skeletal collection. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analysis was performed on all 69 samples at the W.M. Keck Lab. The theoretical density and overlap of chimpanzee communities as well as generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to test each question.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for natal male chimpanzees ranged from 0.71662 to 0.72187, which is well within the corresponding environmental baseline range of 0.70774–0.73460. The local Sr isoscapes fit was estimated with the root-mean-square error value, which was 0.0048 (22% of the whole ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data range). GLMMs identified significant differences in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios between natal and unknown North community origin groups, suggesting that after 1980, females of unknown origin could be immigrants to North community (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>z</i>-ratio = −4.08, <i>p</i> = 0.0001, power = 0.94).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study indicates that ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶This study indicates that ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analysis can successfully identify immigrant females in skeletal collections obtained from wild chimpanzee communities, enabling the tracking of female dispersal patterns historically. There are, however, significant limitations within the scope of this study, such as (1) the absence of reliable maps for the TCP study area, (2) limited capacity for environmental sampling, (3) small sample sizes, and (4) tooth formation in wild chimpanzees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical futures in biological anthropology: Research, teaching, community engagement, and curation involving deceased individuals.","authors":"Carlina de la Cova, Courtney A Hofman, Kathryn E Marklein, Sabrina B Sholts, Rachel Watkins, Paige Magrogan, Molly Kathleen Zuckerman","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although ethical reforms in biological anthropology have gained ground in recent years, there is still a scarcity of ethical standards for work involving historical documented collections (HDCs) at US museums and universities. These collections of deceased individuals were created in the late 19th to mid-20th centuries under anatomy laws that targeted socially marginalized communities and allowed for the dissection of these individuals without their consent. Due to the extensive information associated with the individuals and made available to researchers, these collections have served as foundational resources for theory and methods development in biological anthropology into the 21st century. Recognizing the need for ethical guidelines for research, teaching and training, community engagement, and curation involving HDCs, we held a workshop called \"Ethical Futures for Curation, Research, and Teaching in Biological Anthropology\" on November 15-17, 2021. Here we summarize the conversations and major points of consensus among the workshop participants on these topics in order to advance these ethical considerations more broadly across the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From molecular variations to behavioral adaptations: Unveiling adaptive epistasis in primate oxytocin system","authors":"Pedro Vargas-Pinilla,&nbsp;Bibiana S. Oliveira Fam,&nbsp;Gustavo Medina Tavares,&nbsp;Thaynara Lima,&nbsp;Luane Landau,&nbsp;Pâmela Paré,&nbsp;Rita de Cássia Aleixo Tostes,&nbsp;Alcides Pissinatti,&nbsp;Tiago Falótico,&nbsp;Cláudio Costa-Neto,&nbsp;Renan Maestri,&nbsp;Maria Cátira Bortolini","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24947","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24947","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our primary objective was to investigate the variability of oxytocin (OT) and the GAMEN binding motif within the LNPEP oxytocinase in primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sequenced the <i>LNPEP</i> segment encompassing the GAMEN motif in 34 Platyrrhini species, with 21 of them also sequenced for the <i>OT</i> gene. Our dataset was supplemented with primate sequences of LNPEP, OT, and the oxytocin receptor (OTR) sourced from public databases. Evolutionary analysis and coevolution predictions were made followed by the macroevolution analysis of relevant amino acids associated with phenotypic traits, such as mating systems, parental care, and litter size. To account for phylogenetic structure, we utilized two distinct statistical tests. Additionally, we calculated binding energies focusing on the interaction between <i>Callithtrix jacchus</i> VAMEN and Pro⁸OT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified two novel motifs (AAMEN and VAMEN), challenging the current knowledge of motif conservation in placental mammals. Coevolution analysis demonstrated a correlation between GAMEN, AAMEN, and VAMEN and their corresponding OTs and OTRs. <i>Callithrix jacchus</i> exhibited a higher binding energy between VAMEN and Pro⁸OT than orthologous molecules found in humans (GAMEN and Leu⁸OT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The coevolution of AAMEN and VAMEN with their corresponding OTs and OTRs suggests a functional relationship that could have contributed to specific reproductive and adaptive behaviors, including paternal care, social monogamy, and twin births, prominent traits in Cebidae species, such as marmosets and tamarins. Our findings underscore the coevolution of taxon-specific amino acids among the three studied molecules, shedding light on the oxytocinergic system as an adaptive epistatic repertoire in primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of sacroiliac joint fusion in females and males depending on parity status","authors":"Meredith Aulds","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24951","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24951","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research shows that sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion is age and sex dependent. Older individuals—specifically starting in the fifth or sixth decade of life—are more likely to develop SI fusion. Females have a lower frequency of SI joint fusion than males, perhaps due to pregnancy or parturition. This study examines the relationship between SI joint fusion with both sex and parity status in females. The issue is whether the prevalence of SI fusion in nulliparous females is more similar to that of males or parous females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consists of 46 nulliparous females, 119 parous females, and 158 males from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Ages of the individuals ranged from 50 to 89 years. Sex, age, and parity status were self-reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency of SI joint fusion is significantly different among males (13.29%), nulliparous females (6.52%), and parous females (0.84%). Pairwise comparison of the three groups for SI joint fusion shows that parous females and males are significantly different, but nulliparous females are nonsignificantly different from parous females and males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parity status does not appear to be a factor in the sexually dimorphic nature of SI joint fusion in this sample. Rather, biomechanical and hormonal factors may have a greater contribution to higher rates of SI joint fusion in males than females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating genetic and socioeconomic data to predict the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Maria C. Rieman-Klingler,&nbsp;Jinho Jung,&nbsp;Kaleb Tesfai,&nbsp;Rohit Loomba,&nbsp;Amy L. Non","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24979","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24979","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally, with an estimated prevalence exceeding 25%. Variants in the <i>PNPLA3</i> and <i>HSD17B13</i> genes have been a focus of investigations surrounding the etiology and progression of NAFLD and are believed to contribute to a greater burden of disease experienced by Hispanic Americans. However, little is known about socioeconomic factors influencing NAFLD progression or its increased prevalence among Hispanics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We cross-sectionally analyzed 264 patients to assess the role of genetic and socioeconomic variables in the development of advanced liver fibrosis in individuals at risk for NAFLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and <i>PNPLA3</i> genotype, lacking a college degree was associated with 3.3 times higher odds of advanced fibrosis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–8.76, <i>p</i> = 0.019), an effect comparable to that of possessing the major <i>PNPLA3</i> risk variant. Notably, the effect of <i>PNPLA3</i> genotype on advanced fibrosis was attenuated to nonsignificance following adjustment for education and other socioeconomic markers. The effect of the protective <i>HSD17B13</i> variant, moreover, diminished after adjustment for education (odds ratio [OR]: 0.39 [95% CI: 0.13–1.16, <i>p</i> = 0.092]), while lower education continued to predict advanced fibrosis following multivariable adjustment with an OR of 8.0 (95% CI: 1.91–33.86, <i>p</i> = 0.005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adjusting for education attenuated the effects of genotype and Hispanic ethnicity on liver fibrosis, suggesting that social factors—rather than genes or ethnicity—may be driving disease severity within some populations. Findings reveal the importance of including socioenvironmental controls when considering the role of genetics or ethnicity in complex disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Micro-computed tomography calibration using dental tissue for bone mineral research","authors":"Ian Towle,&nbsp;Carolina Loch,&nbsp;Marc Oxenham,&nbsp;Kristin L. Krueger,&nbsp;Amira Samir Salem,&nbsp;Marina Martínez de Pinillos,&nbsp;Mario Modesto-Mata,&nbsp;Leslea J. Hlusko","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24952","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computed tomography (CT) and microcomputed tomography (μCT) require calibration against density phantoms scanned with specimens or during routine internal calibration for assessment of mineral concentration (MC) and density. In clinical studies involving bone, alternative calibration methods using bodily tissues and fluids (“phantomless” calibration) have been suggested. However, such tissues are seldom available in archeological and osteological research. This study investigates the potential of dental tissue as internal reference for calibration of μCT scans, facilitating the analysis of bone MC. We analyzed 70 molars from 24 extant primate species, including eight human teeth, each scanned with density phantoms for calibration. Our findings indicate that sampling specific regions of molars (lateral aspects of the mesial cusps) yields low variation in enamel and dentine MC values, averaging 1.27 g/cm³ (±0.03) for dentine and 2.25 g/cm³ (±0.03) for enamel. No significant differences were observed across molar types or among scanning procedures, including scanner model, resolution, and filters. An ad hoc test on 12 mandibles revealed low variance in MC between the conventional phantom and dental tissue calibration methods; all 36 measurements (low, medium, and high MC for each mandible) were within 0.05 g/cm³ of each other —81% were within 0.03 g/cm³ and 94% within 0.04 g/cm³. Based on these results, we propose a new “phantomless” calibration technique using these mean enamel and dentine MC values. The presented phantomless calibration method could aid in the assessment of bone pathology and enhance the scope of studies investigating bone structure and physical property variations in archeological, osteological, and laboratory-based research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Capturing shape—Linear measurements and geometric morphometrics of the immature femora","authors":"Sarah Stark","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24949","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24949","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth and developmental studies have been a prominent theme in bioarchaeology. These works traditionally focus on metric measurements of long bone length and age-at-death or cross-sectional geometric studies with the use of computed tomography scans for questions on growth and mobility. However, teasing apart aspects of size and shape have been difficult due to the cylindrical nature of immature long bones. This research investigates the methodological use of surface geometries from linear measurements and geometric morphometric methods (GMM) to answer questions on mobility and allometry during childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Left femora were selected from 42 individuals ranging from fetal to 12 years of age from medieval St Gregory's Priory, Canterbury, UK. Femora were digitized with structured-light-scanning for auto3dgm analysis and measurements were obtained from physical caliper measurements. Individuals were put into age groups based on biomechanical milestones during this age range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ratio and GMM confirm hypotheses of allometry and biomechanical milestones. Geometric morphometrics, however, detects more subtle differences in mobility at each age group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this preliminary study support the potential use of GMM of immature femora, while indicating that the extent in range of mobility that can occur varies at different biological milestones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}