American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献_第10页

Hominoid Hallucal Metatarsal Divergence and Tarsometatarsal Joint Morphology 类人猿幻觉跖骨分化与跗跖骨关节形态。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70129

Thomas C. Prang

Objectives

The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that variation in hallucal metatarsal divergence and tarsometatarsal joint morphology reflects mobility and stability across hominoids using a comparative morphological approach.

Methods

The comparative sample includes 896 3D models of extant hominoid first metatarsals, second metatarsals, intermediate cuneiforms, and medial cuneiforms representing 224 individuals across 10 taxa. The variables include the hallucal metatarsal divergence angle, articular surface areas, curvatures, and joint congruence indices. Linear modeling and information criteria were used to evaluate taxon, locomotor frequency, and ecology and locomotion effects.

Results

Extant hominoids vary in a predictable manner based on their ecological and locomotor differences. Humans and eastern gorillas have morphologies suggestive of a less divergent, less mobile hallux, whereas orangutans and hylobatids fall on the opposite end of the morphological spectrum. The models using a graded ecology and locomotion predictor variable substantially outperform those using binary locomotor predictors based on frequencies of arboreality and terrestriality.

Conclusions

The morphology of the hominoid hallucal tarsometatarsal joint reflects variation in ecology and locomotion. A large-bodied, forest-living ecological niche may select for hallucal grasping features in taxa that spend a large proportion of their locomotor budget on the ground because foraging for preferred foods and avoiding predators relies on vertical climbing, which is a relatively infrequent but potentially selectively advantageous locomotor behavior of African apes.

目的：本研究的目的是通过比较形态学方法检验幻觉跖骨分化和跗跖骨关节形态的变化反映人科动物的移动性和稳定性的假设。方法：比较样本包括10个类群224个个体的896个现存古人类第一跖骨、第二跖骨、中间楔形骨和中间楔形骨的三维模型。变量包括幻觉跖骨发散角、关节表面积、曲率和关节同余指数。采用线性建模和信息准则对分类群、运动频率、生态和运动效应进行评价。结果：现存的类人猿以可预测的方式根据其生态和运动的差异而变化。人类和东部大猩猩的足趾形态分化程度较低，活动能力较弱，而猩猩和足跖动物的足趾形态则处于相反的一端。使用分级生态和运动预测变量的模型大大优于基于树栖和陆地频率的二元运动预测模型。结论：类人猿幻觉跗跖关节的形态反映了生态和运动的变化。一个体型庞大、生活在森林中的生态位可能会选择那些将大部分运动预算花在地面上的类群的幻觉抓取特征，因为觅食喜欢的食物和躲避捕食者依赖于垂直攀登，这是一种相对少见的、但可能具有选择性优势的非洲猿运动行为。

{"title":"Hominoid Hallucal Metatarsal Divergence and Tarsometatarsal Joint Morphology","authors":"Thomas C. Prang","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that variation in hallucal metatarsal divergence and tarsometatarsal joint morphology reflects mobility and stability across hominoids using a comparative morphological approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The comparative sample includes 896 3D models of extant hominoid first metatarsals, second metatarsals, intermediate cuneiforms, and medial cuneiforms representing 224 individuals across 10 taxa. The variables include the hallucal metatarsal divergence angle, articular surface areas, curvatures, and joint congruence indices. Linear modeling and information criteria were used to evaluate taxon, locomotor frequency, and ecology and locomotion effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extant hominoids vary in a predictable manner based on their ecological and locomotor differences. Humans and eastern gorillas have morphologies suggestive of a less divergent, less mobile hallux, whereas orangutans and hylobatids fall on the opposite end of the morphological spectrum. The models using a graded ecology and locomotion predictor variable substantially outperform those using binary locomotor predictors based on frequencies of arboreality and terrestriality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The morphology of the hominoid hallucal tarsometatarsal joint reflects variation in ecology and locomotion. A large-bodied, forest-living ecological niche may select for hallucal grasping features in taxa that spend a large proportion of their locomotor budget on the ground because foraging for preferred foods and avoiding predators relies on vertical climbing, which is a relatively infrequent but potentially selectively advantageous locomotor behavior of African apes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of Mobility in Iranian Central Plateau at the Transition From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age: Research on Strontium Isotope Ratios in Human Remains From Estark-Joshaqan 伊朗中部高原青铜器时代向铁器时代过渡时期的人口流动模式：Estark-Joshaqan人类遗骸中锶同位素比值的研究

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70130

Joanna Trębicka, Javad Hosseinzadeh, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak

Objectives

There is a paradigm in Iranian archeology that a mass migration of nomads from the steppe north of the Caspian Sea to the Central Iranian Plateau occurred around the beginning of the Iron Age, leading to the domination of a mobile pastoral economy in the region. Such a hypothesis was tested through strontium isotope analysis of recently excavated human remains from the cemetery of Estark-Joshaqan, dated from the Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (c. 1800–800 BCE).

Materials and Methods

We measured the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in human dental enamel of 23 individuals from Estark and six individuals from nearby sites: Tepe Sialk (Parthian period) and Bidgol (Early Islamic period), all located near Kashan, Iran, and compared them to the local strontium isoscape based on 39 modern plant samples collected in the region.

Results

Available evidence does not support the hypothesis of permanent long-distance migration from a region with a different strontium isotope signature. Mobility was similarly low in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, although the local resource exploitation pattern may have shifted slightly between these periods.

Discussion

There is no clear indication of nomadism, and most likely, people from Estark were agropastoralists, using a relatively limited area for grazing their livestock. Our results open a new perspective in the research of the ‘dark age’ in the Central Iranian Plateau preceding the formation of the Median state.

伊朗考古学中有一种范式，即在铁器时代开始前后，游牧民族从里海北部的草原大规模迁移到伊朗中部高原，导致该地区的流动游牧经济占主导地位。通过对最近从Estark-Joshaqan墓地出土的人类遗骸的锶同位素分析，这种假设得到了验证，这些遗骸的年代从青铜时代晚期到铁器时代早期（公元前1800-800年）。研究人员测量了23名来自埃斯塔克的人类牙釉质中87Sr/86Sr的比例，以及6名来自伊朗卡尚附近的Tepe Sialk（帕提亚时期）和Bidgol（早期伊斯兰时期）的人类牙釉质中87Sr/86Sr的比例，并将其与当地采集的39份现代植物样本进行了比较。结果现有证据不支持从具有不同锶同位素特征的区域永久长距离迁移的假设。在青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期，流动性同样很低，尽管当地的资源开发模式在这两个时期之间可能略有变化。没有明确的游牧迹象，最有可能的是，来自爱沙尼亚的人是农牧民，使用相对有限的区域放牧他们的牲畜。我们的研究结果为研究伊朗中部高原在中位数国家形成之前的“黑暗时代”开辟了一个新的视角。

{"title":"Patterns of Mobility in Iranian Central Plateau at the Transition From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age: Research on Strontium Isotope Ratios in Human Remains From Estark-Joshaqan","authors":"Joanna Trębicka, Javad Hosseinzadeh, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a paradigm in Iranian archeology that a mass migration of nomads from the steppe north of the Caspian Sea to the Central Iranian Plateau occurred around the beginning of the Iron Age, leading to the domination of a mobile pastoral economy in the region. Such a hypothesis was tested through strontium isotope analysis of recently excavated human remains from the cemetery of Estark-Joshaqan, dated from the Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (c. 1800–800 <span>BCE</span>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio in human dental enamel of 23 individuals from Estark and six individuals from nearby sites: Tepe Sialk (Parthian period) and Bidgol (Early Islamic period), all located near Kashan, Iran, and compared them to the local strontium isoscape based on 39 modern plant samples collected in the region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Available evidence does not support the hypothesis of permanent long-distance migration from a region with a different strontium isotope signature. Mobility was similarly low in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, although the local resource exploitation pattern may have shifted slightly between these periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is no clear indication of nomadism, and most likely, people from Estark were agropastoralists, using a relatively limited area for grazing their livestock. Our results open a new perspective in the research of the ‘dark age’ in the Central Iranian Plateau preceding the formation of the Median state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cover & Editorial Board 封面及编委

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24973

引用次数: 0

Dental Microwear and Diets of Late Miocene Primates From Rudabánya, Hungary 来自匈牙利Rudabánya的晚中新世灵长类动物的牙齿微磨损和饮食。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70131

Peter S. Ungar, Anna K. Wilcox, David R. Begun

Objectives

This study focuses on a dental microwear texture analysis of European pliopithecids and dryopithecins from the Miocene primate site of Rudabánya, Hungary. The goal is to determine whether these taxa, found in part together in the same deposits, differed in their food preferences, or at least consumed, on a daily basis, in a manner that might have facilitated sympatry.

Materials and Methods

Here we report on a molar surface texture analysis of all available fossil primates from Rudabánya that preserve antemortem microwear. This includes both Anapithecus hernyaki (n = 14) and Rudapithecus hungaricus (n = 5, including one from Alsótelekes). Scanning confocal profilometry was used to generate point clouds, and texture complexity and anisotropy values were compared between the fossil taxa and contextualized with published data for an extant baseline series.

Results

Texture complexity and anisotropy values for both samples fall within the range of extant frugivorous primates. Further, while anisotropy does not differ between the fossil taxa, Rudapithecus has a significantly higher complexity average than Anapithecus.

Discussion

The difference in microwear texture complexity suggests that Rudapithecus individuals studied here consumed harder foods on average than did Anapithecus individuals did. This is consistent with the notion that dietary differences may have played a role in the niche separation of these taxa.

目的：对来自匈牙利Rudabánya中新世灵长类遗址的欧洲猿类（pliopithecids）和dryopithecins进行牙齿微磨损结构分析。研究的目的是确定这些部分在同一沉积物中发现的分类群是否在食物偏好上有所不同，或者至少在日常生活中以一种可能促进共生的方式消费。材料和方法：在这里，我们报告了来自Rudabánya的所有现存灵长类化石的臼齿表面纹理分析，这些化石保存了死前微磨损。这包括hernyaki Anapithecus （n = 14）和hungaricus Rudapithecus （n = 5，其中一个来自Alsótelekes）。使用扫描共聚焦轮廓术生成点云，并将化石分类群的纹理复杂性和各向异性值与现有基线系列的已发表数据进行比较。结果：两个样本的纹理复杂性和各向异性值都在现存食果灵长类动物的范围内。此外，尽管各向异性在化石类群之间没有差异，但鲁达古猿的平均复杂性明显高于无猿。讨论：微磨损纹理复杂性的差异表明，这里研究的鲁达古猿个体比无猿个体平均消耗更硬的食物。这与饮食差异可能在这些分类群的生态位分离中起作用的观点是一致的。

{"title":"Dental Microwear and Diets of Late Miocene Primates From Rudabánya, Hungary","authors":"Peter S. Ungar, Anna K. Wilcox, David R. Begun","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on a dental microwear texture analysis of European pliopithecids and dryopithecins from the Miocene primate site of Rudabánya, Hungary. The goal is to determine whether these taxa, found in part together in the same deposits, differed in their food preferences, or at least consumed, on a daily basis, in a manner that might have facilitated sympatry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we report on a molar surface texture analysis of all available fossil primates from Rudabánya that preserve antemortem microwear. This includes both <i>Anapithecus hernyaki</i> (<i>n</i> = 14) and <i>Rudapithecus hungaricus</i> (<i>n</i> = 5, including one from Alsótelekes). Scanning confocal profilometry was used to generate point clouds, and texture complexity and anisotropy values were compared between the fossil taxa and contextualized with published data for an extant baseline series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Texture complexity and anisotropy values for both samples fall within the range of extant frugivorous primates. Further, while anisotropy does not differ between the fossil taxa, <i>Rudapithecus</i> has a significantly higher complexity average than <i>Anapithecus.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The difference in microwear texture complexity suggests that <i>Rudapithecus</i> individuals studied here consumed harder foods on average than did <i>Anapithecus</i> individuals did. This is consistent with the notion that dietary differences may have played a role in the niche separation of these taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking Molar Wear in Captive Baboons: Sex and Age Effects Using a Modified Scott Scoring System 跟踪在圈养狒狒磨牙磨损：性别和年龄的影响使用修改斯科特评分系统。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70126

Kristin L. Krueger, Ian Towle, Gregory J. Matthews, Ana Álvarez Fernández, Leslea J. Hlusko

Objectives

This study evaluates molar wear progression in a captive baboon population under controlled dietary and environmental conditions. By comparing the dentin exposure ratio (DER) with a newly developed quadrant-based modification of Scott's dental wear scoring system (Krueger-Scott method), we evaluate how wear patterns vary by age, sex, and occlusal region.

Materials and Methods

Mandibular second molars (M₂) were assessed at two timepoints, during life and postmortem, in 201 captive baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. Krueger-Scott and DER data were collected from 3D intraoral scans processed in MEDIT Link software. The Krueger-Scott scores assigned ordinal scores (1–10) to four equal quadrants of each M₂ based on enamel facet development and dentin exposure. Statistical analyses tested relationships between wear progression, quadrant location, sex, and age.

Results

Krueger-Scott scores and DER values increased significantly between timepoints, indicating wear progression. However, Krueger-Scott scores revealed strong functional patterning: buccal and lingual cusps showed high within-group correlations and weaker cross-group correlations. Males showed significantly higher wear than females, despite being younger on average. The relationship between age and wear progression differed by sex.

Discussion

The Krueger-Scott method provided a more anatomically informative and efficient approach to tracking occlusal wear than DER. It captured regional wear variation and functional asymmetries that DER could not detect. Even under controlled conditions, sex-based differences in wear emerged, likely reflecting behavioral, morphological, or enamel structural variation. These findings offer a comparative baseline and demonstrate the utility of quadrant-level scoring for interpreting wear in extant and extinct taxa.

目的：本研究评估在控制饮食和环境条件下圈养狒狒种群的磨牙磨损进展。通过比较牙本质暴露比（DER）和新开发的基于象限的斯科特牙齿磨损评分系统（Krueger-Scott方法），我们评估了磨损模式如何随年龄、性别和咬合区域而变化。材料与方法：选取西南国家灵长类动物研究中心的201只圈养狒狒，在生时和死后两个时间点对其下颌第二磨牙（M2）进行了评估。Krueger-Scott和DER数据由MEDIT Link软件处理的三维口内扫描收集。Krueger-Scott评分根据牙釉质小面发育和牙本质暴露情况对每个M2的四个相等象限进行序号评分（1-10）。统计分析测试了磨损程度、象限位置、性别和年龄之间的关系。结果：Krueger-Scott评分和DER值在时间点之间显著升高，表明磨损进展。然而，克鲁格-斯科特得分显示出强大的功能模式：颊尖和舌尖在组内表现出较高的相关性，而在组间表现出较弱的相关性。尽管男性平均年龄更年轻，但他们的磨损程度明显高于女性。年龄和磨损程度之间的关系因性别而异。讨论：Krueger-Scott方法提供了比DER更解剖学信息和更有效的方法来跟踪咬合磨损。它捕获了DER无法检测到的区域磨损变化和功能不对称。即使在受控条件下，磨损的性别差异也会出现，这可能反映了行为、形态或牙釉质结构的差异。这些发现提供了一个比较基线，并证明了象限水平评分在解释现存和灭绝分类群的磨损方面的效用。

{"title":"Tracking Molar Wear in Captive Baboons: Sex and Age Effects Using a Modified Scott Scoring System","authors":"Kristin L. Krueger, Ian Towle, Gregory J. Matthews, Ana Álvarez Fernández, Leslea J. Hlusko","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates molar wear progression in a captive baboon population under controlled dietary and environmental conditions. By comparing the dentin exposure ratio (DER) with a newly developed quadrant-based modification of Scott's dental wear scoring system (Krueger-Scott method), we evaluate how wear patterns vary by age, sex, and occlusal region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mandibular second molars (M<sub>2</sub>) were assessed at two timepoints, during life and postmortem, in 201 captive baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. Krueger-Scott and DER data were collected from 3D intraoral scans processed in MEDIT Link software. The Krueger-Scott scores assigned ordinal scores (1–10) to four equal quadrants of each M<sub>2</sub> based on enamel facet development and dentin exposure. Statistical analyses tested relationships between wear progression, quadrant location, sex, and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Krueger-Scott scores and DER values increased significantly between timepoints, indicating wear progression. However, Krueger-Scott scores revealed strong functional patterning: buccal and lingual cusps showed high within-group correlations and weaker cross-group correlations. Males showed significantly higher wear than females, despite being younger on average. The relationship between age and wear progression differed by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Krueger-Scott method provided a more anatomically informative and efficient approach to tracking occlusal wear than DER. It captured regional wear variation and functional asymmetries that DER could not detect. Even under controlled conditions, sex-based differences in wear emerged, likely reflecting behavioral, morphological, or enamel structural variation. These findings offer a comparative baseline and demonstrate the utility of quadrant-level scoring for interpreting wear in extant and extinct taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioarcheological Perspectives on the Timing of Adolescence in Rural Avar-Age Austria, 7th–9th Centuries ce 公元7 -9世纪奥地利农村阿瓦尔时代青少年时间的生物考古学观点。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70123

Paul Klostermann, Mary Lewis, Margit Berner, Sabine Eggers, Bendeguz Tobias, Ke Wang, Zuzana Hofmanová, Doris Pany-Kucera

Objectives

This study provides insights into adolescent development during the early medieval period in Austria and offers a point of comparison of the timing of sexual maturation relative to the Imperial Roman and the late medieval periods.

Materials and Methods

The timing of adolescent development of 89 individuals in two rural cemeteries from the middle to late Avar period (ca. 650–800 ce) was reconstructed using skeletal and dental indicators. This is the first study to employ genetic sex estimation via ancient DNA on all analyzed adolescents, enabling robust assessment of sex-specific patterns of growth and development.

Results

Females were on average 1–2 years younger than males at each development stage. Adolescents appear to have developed later during the late Avar period compared to the previous Roman (0.4–2.3 years) and to a lesser extent later than the late medieval period (by up to 1.2 years).

Discussion

These developmental differences may reflect the impact of different living conditions in urban and rural settings as well as underlying genetic variation. While general ages of adolescence were comparable between the early and later medieval groups, the earliest observed age of menarche is 3 years later in the later medieval period than in the Roman group. The timing of the physiological transition is consistent with an increase in grave goods in the early medieval sites. Greater standardization in puberty assessment, age, and biological sex estimation is needed to improve cross-population comparability of future adolescence studies from different contexts in the past.

目的：本研究提供了对奥地利中世纪早期青少年发展的见解，并提供了相对于罗马帝国和中世纪晚期性成熟时间的比较点。材料和方法：利用骨骼和牙齿指标重建了阿瓦尔中晚期（约650-800 ce）两个农村墓地中89个个体的青春期发育时间。这是第一个通过古DNA对所有被分析的青少年进行遗传性别评估的研究，从而对性别特异性的生长和发育模式进行了强有力的评估。结果：各发育阶段雌虫平均比雄虫小1 ~ 2岁。在阿瓦尔晚期，青少年的发育似乎比前罗马时期要晚（0.4-2.3年），比中世纪晚期晚（至多1.2年）。讨论：这些发育差异可能反映了城市和农村环境中不同生活条件的影响以及潜在的遗传变异。虽然中世纪早期和中世纪晚期人群的青春期一般年龄是相当的，但观察到的最早月经初潮年龄在中世纪晚期比在罗马时期晚3年。生理转变的时间与中世纪早期墓葬物品的增加是一致的。需要在青春期评估、年龄和生理性别估计方面进行更大的标准化，以提高过去不同背景下未来青春期研究的跨人群可比性。

{"title":"Bioarcheological Perspectives on the Timing of Adolescence in Rural Avar-Age Austria, 7th–9th Centuries ce","authors":"Paul Klostermann, Mary Lewis, Margit Berner, Sabine Eggers, Bendeguz Tobias, Ke Wang, Zuzana Hofmanová, Doris Pany-Kucera","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insights into adolescent development during the early medieval period in Austria and offers a point of comparison of the timing of sexual maturation relative to the Imperial Roman and the late medieval periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The timing of adolescent development of 89 individuals in two rural cemeteries from the middle to late Avar period (ca. 650–800 <span>ce</span>) was reconstructed using skeletal and dental indicators. This is the first study to employ genetic sex estimation via ancient DNA on all analyzed adolescents, enabling robust assessment of sex-specific patterns of growth and development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Females were on average 1–2 years younger than males at each development stage. Adolescents appear to have developed later during the late Avar period compared to the previous Roman (0.4–2.3 years) and to a lesser extent later than the late medieval period (by up to 1.2 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These developmental differences may reflect the impact of different living conditions in urban and rural settings as well as underlying genetic variation. While general ages of adolescence were comparable between the early and later medieval groups, the earliest observed age of menarche is 3 years later in the later medieval period than in the Roman group. The timing of the physiological transition is consistent with an increase in grave goods in the early medieval sites. Greater standardization in puberty assessment, age, and biological sex estimation is needed to improve cross-population comparability of future adolescence studies from different contexts in the past.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Framework for Anemia Differential Diagnosis in Paleopathology Incorporating Metric Methods 结合计量方法的古病理学贫血鉴别诊断框架。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70125

Brianne Morgan, Meghan Langlois, Rachel Schats, Alie E. van der Merwe, Isabelle Ribot, Andrea Waters-Rist, Megan B. Brickley

Objectives

This paper explores metric manifestations of anemia in crania undergoing growth and development using micro-CT imaging. It proposes a framework for assigning a most-likely diagnostic option for anemia, based on evaluating the parameters proposed in this study.

Materials and Methods

Sixty-eight orbits/frontal bones of individuals aged birth to 15 years from Quebecois and Dutch archaeological collections dating to the 18th and 19th centuries underwent micro-CT analysis. Individuals were visually assessed for skeletal manifestations of marrow hyperplasia within the internal marrow space using a scoring rubric. Bone microarchitecture measurements were used to calculate T-scores and identify individuals who displayed potential manifestations of marrow hyperplasia. Relative cortical thickness ratios of the frontal bone were calculated for 16 individuals. Error testing was performed for all evaluations.

Results

Using the micro-CT analysis and our diagnostic framework, anemia was inferred in 16% (10/61) of the sample that was preserved well enough for the study. Trabecular separation T-scores were considered the most significant metric for evaluating anemia. Frontal bone ratios were regarded as less insightful due to the imaging technique used. Age had a significant effect on bone measurements, and high repeatability was seen across methods.

Discussion

In this study, recommendations for assigning a diagnostic option prioritize evaluating metric features strongly related to anemia through a biological approach that considers the etiology of marrow hyperplasia. Including a combination of metric and internal visual evaluation criteria provides clearer lines of evidence for the assessment of abnormal bone changes associated with anemia beyond the macroscopic evaluation of porous lesions.

目的：探讨生长发育过程中颅内贫血的显微ct影像学表现。它提出了一个框架，分配最可能的诊断方案贫血，基于评估本研究中提出的参数。材料和方法：从18世纪和19世纪的魁北克和荷兰考古收藏中，对68个年龄在出生至15岁之间的个体的眼眶/额骨进行了微ct分析。使用评分标准对骨髓内腔内骨髓增生的骨骼表现进行视觉评估。骨微结构测量用于计算t评分，并识别显示骨髓增生潜在表现的个体。计算了16个个体额骨的相对皮质厚度比。对所有评估都进行了错误测试。结果：使用显微ct分析和我们的诊断框架，16%（10/61）的样本被推断为贫血，这些样本保存得足够好，可以进行研究。小梁分离t评分被认为是评估贫血最重要的指标。由于使用的成像技术，额骨比例被认为不太有洞察力。年龄对骨测量有显著的影响，并且各种方法的重复性都很高。讨论：在这项研究中，建议通过考虑骨髓增生病因的生物学方法优先评估与贫血密切相关的指标特征。包括度量和内部视觉评价标准的结合，为评估与贫血相关的异常骨变化提供了更清晰的证据线，超出了多孔病变的宏观评价。

{"title":"A Framework for Anemia Differential Diagnosis in Paleopathology Incorporating Metric Methods","authors":"Brianne Morgan, Meghan Langlois, Rachel Schats, Alie E. van der Merwe, Isabelle Ribot, Andrea Waters-Rist, Megan B. Brickley","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores metric manifestations of anemia in crania undergoing growth and development using micro-CT imaging. It proposes a framework for assigning a most-likely diagnostic option for anemia, based on evaluating the parameters proposed in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-eight orbits/frontal bones of individuals aged birth to 15 years from Quebecois and Dutch archaeological collections dating to the 18th and 19th centuries underwent micro-CT analysis. Individuals were visually assessed for skeletal manifestations of marrow hyperplasia within the internal marrow space using a scoring rubric. Bone microarchitecture measurements were used to calculate <i>T</i>-scores and identify individuals who displayed potential manifestations of marrow hyperplasia. Relative cortical thickness ratios of the frontal bone were calculated for 16 individuals. Error testing was performed for all evaluations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the micro-CT analysis and our diagnostic framework, anemia was inferred in 16% (10/61) of the sample that was preserved well enough for the study. Trabecular separation T-scores were considered the most significant metric for evaluating anemia. Frontal bone ratios were regarded as less insightful due to the imaging technique used. Age had a significant effect on bone measurements, and high repeatability was seen across methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, recommendations for assigning a diagnostic option prioritize evaluating metric features strongly related to anemia through a biological approach that considers the etiology of marrow hyperplasia. Including a combination of metric and internal visual evaluation criteria provides clearer lines of evidence for the assessment of abnormal bone changes associated with anemia beyond the macroscopic evaluation of porous lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Osteoarthritis at Roonka, Australia: A Local Biology 骨关节炎在Roonka，澳大利亚：当地生物学。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70122

Matilda McVicar, Bruce Floyd, Judith Littleton

Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is described as an inevitable part of aging. Palaeopathological studies can challenge such ideas of universal biology. OA from the Australian Aboriginal site of Roonka is analyzed to test whether expectations from contemporary, ethnohistorical, and archeological data are held or whether OA at this place was distinctly different.

Materials and Methods

Human remains from Roonka, South Australia, date to the Holocene and are divisible into early and late periods. A total of 83 adults was analyzed. OA was defined using the criteria of Waldron and Rogers (1995). Analysis used both univariate and quasi-Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Very few joints had evidence of OA except for the TMJ (28.8%). OA was concentrated on the upper body. Lower body OA was observed only in individuals with prior injury or disease. Comparison with human remains from along the Murray River indicates a similar pattern of joints affected but spatial diversity between the upper and lower Murray River.

Discussion

The pattern of OA observed at Roonka corresponds with contemporary records of age development. However, epidemiological patterns were distinctly different. Except for people with prior injury or disease, OA was not prevalent. The comparison of Roonka with archeological samples demonstrates diversity during the Holocene and does not correspond to expectations of increasingly heavier workloads over time. The lack of concordance between the pattern of OA among people at Roonka and expectations based on other data reflects how embodied experiences of the condition are contingent on local entanglements of biology and culture.

目的：骨关节炎（OA）被描述为衰老不可避免的一部分。古病理学研究可以挑战这种普遍生物学的观点。本文分析了来自澳大利亚Roonka原住民遗址的OA，以测试是否符合当代、民族历史和考古数据的期望，或者这个地方的OA是否明显不同。材料和方法：来自南澳大利亚Roonka的人类遗骸可追溯到全新世，分为早期和晚期。总共分析了83名成年人。OA的定义采用了Waldron和Rogers（1995）的标准。分析采用单变量和准泊松回归分析。结果：除颞下颌关节（28.8%）外，很少有关节有骨性关节炎的证据。OA集中在上半身。下体骨关节炎仅见于既往有损伤或疾病的个体。与墨累河沿岸的人类遗骸进行比较表明，受影响的关节模式相似，但在墨累河上游和下游之间存在空间差异。讨论：在Roonka观察到的OA模式与当代的年龄发展记录相一致。然而，流行病学模式明显不同。除了先前有损伤或疾病的人外，OA并不普遍。Roonka与考古样本的比较显示了全新世的多样性，并不符合随着时间的推移工作量越来越大的预期。在Roonka，人们的OA模式与基于其他数据的期望之间缺乏一致性，这反映了这种情况的具体化经验如何取决于当地的生物和文化纠缠。

{"title":"Osteoarthritis at Roonka, Australia: A Local Biology","authors":"Matilda McVicar, Bruce Floyd, Judith Littleton","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is described as an inevitable part of aging. Palaeopathological studies can challenge such ideas of universal biology. OA from the Australian Aboriginal site of Roonka is analyzed to test whether expectations from contemporary, ethnohistorical, and archeological data are held or whether OA at this place was distinctly different.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human remains from Roonka, South Australia, date to the Holocene and are divisible into early and late periods. A total of 83 adults was analyzed. OA was defined using the criteria of Waldron and Rogers (1995). Analysis used both univariate and quasi-Poisson regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Very few joints had evidence of OA except for the TMJ (28.8%). OA was concentrated on the upper body. Lower body OA was observed only in individuals with prior injury or disease. Comparison with human remains from along the Murray River indicates a similar pattern of joints affected but spatial diversity between the upper and lower Murray River.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pattern of OA observed at Roonka corresponds with contemporary records of age development. However, epidemiological patterns were distinctly different. Except for people with prior injury or disease, OA was not prevalent. The comparison of Roonka with archeological samples demonstrates diversity during the Holocene and does not correspond to expectations of increasingly heavier workloads over time. The lack of concordance between the pattern of OA among people at Roonka and expectations based on other data reflects how embodied experiences of the condition are contingent on local entanglements of biology and culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancestry and Genetic Admixture of the Colombian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 哥伦比亚人口的祖先和遗传混合：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70124

Ghennie T. Rodríguez-Rey, Marcela Orjuela-Rodríguez, Narmer Fernando Galeano-Vanegas

Objectives

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to estimate and compare the proportions of Native American, African, and European ancestries in Colombia with those in other Latin American countries.

Materials and Methods

Articles published between 2005 and 2022 that estimated Colombian genetic admixture using autosomal markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms or ancestry informative markers) were reviewed. Meta-analyses were conducted at both national and regional levels. Finally, the results of Colombia were compared with estimates from other Latin American countries.

Results

Considering 75 records, Colombia displayed more balanced proportions of Native American and European ancestry (0.307 and 0.510, respectively), while the proportion of African ancestry was, on average, 2.23 times lower, with a value of 0.183. At the regional level, the distribution of these ancestral groups across the territory was not homogeneous. The Pacific region exhibits the highest African ancestry, followed closely by the Insular region. The Amazon region shows the highest Native American ancestry, followed by the Orinoquía region, while the Andean region presents the highest European ancestry, followed by the Caribbean and Orinoquía regions. In the Latin America context, Colombia ranks 8th for Native American ancestry, 5th for African ancestry, and 11th for European ancestry.

Conclusions

Colombia can be considered one of the most genetically diverse countries in Latin America, with significant variability in ancestry distribution both between and within regions. Further research is needed to fully understand Colombia's genomic ancestry and to develop precision public health strategies to advance precision medicine.

目的：通过荟萃分析进行系统回顾，估计并比较哥伦比亚与其他拉丁美洲国家的美洲原住民、非洲人和欧洲血统的比例。材料和方法回顾了2005年至2022年间发表的使用常染色体标记（单核苷酸多态性或祖先信息标记）估计哥伦比亚遗传混合的文章。在国家和地区层面进行了荟萃分析。最后，将哥伦比亚的结果与其他拉丁美洲国家的估计数进行比较。结果在75份记录中，哥伦比亚的美洲原住民和欧洲血统的比例更为平衡（分别为0.307和0.510），而非洲血统的比例平均低2.23倍，为0.183。在区域一级，这些祖先群体在领土上的分布并不均匀。太平洋地区显示出最高的非洲血统，紧随其后的是岛屿地区。亚马逊地区显示出最高的美洲原住民血统，其次是Orinoquía地区，而安第斯地区则显示出最高的欧洲血统，其次是加勒比海和Orinoquía地区。在拉丁美洲的背景下，哥伦比亚的美洲原住民血统排名第8，非洲血统排名第5，欧洲血统排名第11。哥伦比亚可以被认为是拉丁美洲遗传多样性最丰富的国家之一，区域之间和区域内的祖先分布都存在显著差异。需要进一步研究，以充分了解哥伦比亚的基因组血统，并制定精确的公共卫生战略，以推进精确医疗。

{"title":"Ancestry and Genetic Admixture of the Colombian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ghennie T. Rodríguez-Rey, Marcela Orjuela-Rodríguez, Narmer Fernando Galeano-Vanegas","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to estimate and compare the proportions of Native American, African, and European ancestries in Colombia with those in other Latin American countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Articles published between 2005 and 2022 that estimated Colombian genetic admixture using autosomal markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms or ancestry informative markers) were reviewed. Meta-analyses were conducted at both national and regional levels. Finally, the results of Colombia were compared with estimates from other Latin American countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering 75 records, Colombia displayed more balanced proportions of Native American and European ancestry (0.307 and 0.510, respectively), while the proportion of African ancestry was, on average, 2.23 times lower, with a value of 0.183. At the regional level, the distribution of these ancestral groups across the territory was not homogeneous. The Pacific region exhibits the highest African ancestry, followed closely by the Insular region. The Amazon region shows the highest Native American ancestry, followed by the Orinoquía region, while the Andean region presents the highest European ancestry, followed by the Caribbean and Orinoquía regions. In the Latin America context, Colombia ranks 8th for Native American ancestry, 5th for African ancestry, and 11th for European ancestry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colombia can be considered one of the most genetically diverse countries in Latin America, with significant variability in ancestry distribution both between and within regions. Further research is needed to fully understand Colombia's genomic ancestry and to develop precision public health strategies to advance precision medicine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological Traces of Population Change in the Carpathian Basin (1st–13th Century CE) 喀尔巴阡盆地人口变化的形态痕迹（公元1 - 13世纪）

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70121

József Turtóczki

Objectives

This study explores cranial morphological variation and population continuity in the Carpathian Basin from the 1st to 13th centuries CE. It focuses on assessing biological differences and similarities across major archaeological periods, with particular emphasis on the Avar, Hungarian Conquest, and Árpádian Age populations.

Materials and Methods

A total of 1,597 adult crania (864 males, 733 females) were analyzed using six neurocranial measurements. Morphological distances between populations were calculated using Canberra distance. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were applied to evaluate intergroup differentiation.

Results

The analyses revealed significant morphological variation between most archaeological groups. Avars—especially the Late Avar population—formed distinct morphological patterns, primarily along the first canonical axis influenced by cranial breadth and height. Males showed statistically significant differences between Early and Late Avar groups, whereas the corresponding comparison among females did not reach significance. The strongest separations occurred between Avars and the Gepidic, Sarmatian, and Transition groups, consistent with CVA and MDS findings.

Discussion

The results suggest population continuity in some cases (e.g., Early–Late Avar, Conquest–Árpádian Age), but also highlight evidence of population restructuring, particularly among males. Recent genetic research supports these findings, indicating patrilineal descent and local kinship cohesion within Avar communities. This study underscores the value of the integration of cranial morphometrics with multivariate statistical approaches to reconstruct complex demographic histories in early medieval Central Europe.

目的探讨公元1 - 13世纪喀尔巴阡盆地的颅骨形态变化和种群连续性。它侧重于评估跨主要考古时期的生物差异和相似性，特别强调阿瓦尔，匈牙利征服和Árpádian年龄人口。材料与方法对1597例成人颅骨（男性864例，女性733例）进行6项神经颅测量分析。种群间形态距离采用堪培拉距离计算。应用典型变量分析（CVA）、多维尺度分析（MDS）和多变量方差分析（MANOVA）评估组间分化。结果各考古类群间形态差异显著。阿瓦尔人——尤其是晚期阿瓦尔人——形成了独特的形态模式，主要沿着受颅宽和颅高影响的第一个典型轴。男性早、晚阿瓦尔组间差异有统计学意义，而女性组间差异无统计学意义。最强的分离发生在Avars和Gepidic、saratian和Transition组之间，与CVA和MDS的发现一致。结果表明，在某些情况下（例如，阿瓦尔早期-晚期，征服-Árpádian时代），人口连续性，但也突出了人口重组的证据，特别是在男性中。最近的基因研究支持了这些发现，表明阿瓦尔社区中存在父系血统和当地亲属凝聚力。这项研究强调了将颅形测量学与多元统计方法结合起来重建中世纪早期中欧复杂的人口历史的价值。

{"title":"Morphological Traces of Population Change in the Carpathian Basin (1st–13th Century CE)","authors":"József Turtóczki","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores cranial morphological variation and population continuity in the Carpathian Basin from the 1st to 13th centuries CE. It focuses on assessing biological differences and similarities across major archaeological periods, with particular emphasis on the Avar, Hungarian Conquest, and Árpádian Age populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1,597 adult crania (864 males, 733 females) were analyzed using six neurocranial measurements. Morphological distances between populations were calculated using Canberra distance. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were applied to evaluate intergroup differentiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analyses revealed significant morphological variation between most archaeological groups. Avars—especially the Late Avar population—formed distinct morphological patterns, primarily along the first canonical axis influenced by cranial breadth and height. Males showed statistically significant differences between Early and Late Avar groups, whereas the corresponding comparison among females did not reach significance. The strongest separations occurred between Avars and the Gepidic, Sarmatian, and Transition groups, consistent with CVA and MDS findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest population continuity in some cases (e.g., Early–Late Avar, Conquest–Árpádian Age), but also highlight evidence of population restructuring, particularly among males. Recent genetic research supports these findings, indicating patrilineal descent and local kinship cohesion within Avar communities. This study underscores the value of the integration of cranial morphometrics with multivariate statistical approaches to reconstruct complex demographic histories in early medieval Central Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0