American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"The StW 573 Little Foot Fossil Should Not Be Attributed to Australopithecus prometheus","authors":"Jesse M. Martin,&nbsp;Luca Morris-Obst,&nbsp;A. B. Leece,&nbsp;Stephanie Baker,&nbsp;Andy I. R. Herries,&nbsp;David S. Strait","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To test the hypothesis that the StW 573 (Little Foot) fossil specimen should be attributed taxonomically to <i>Australopithecus prometheus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We adopt the methods of classic morphology by comparing StW 573 to the type specimen of <i>A. prometheus</i> (MLD 1) and other consensus members of <i>Australopithecus africanus</i>. We utilize qualitative anatomical descriptions and comparisons, supplemented with the examination of selected relevant quantitative measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that the morphology preserved by StW 573 does not support assigning that specimen to <i>A. prometheus</i> because it does not share a unique suite of primitive and derived traits in common with the <i>A. prometheus</i> type specimen, MLD 1. Specifically, StW 573 differs from MLD 1 in having a more pronounced external occipital protuberance, a sagittal crest at lambda, an asterionic notch, a long nuchal plane, and a smaller cranial capacity. Regarding these same areas of anatomy, MLD 1 more closely resembles Sts 5, and MLD 37/38, consensus members of <i>A. africanus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>A. prometheus</i> should remain a junior synonym for <i>A. africanus</i> based on the demonstrated morphological similarities between MLD 1 and the broader <i>A. africanus</i> sample. Conversely, while StW 573 cannot be attributed to <i>A. prometheus</i>, the results of this study indicate that it also differs in meaningful ways from specimens conventionally attributed to <i>A. africanus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femoral Cross-Sectional Geometry in the Amazigh Population of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): Insights Into Mobility Patterns on an Island Landscape","authors":"Jared Jiménez,&nbsp;Laura Rodríguez-García,&nbsp;Rebeca García-González,&nbsp;Mario Encinoso-Quintana,&nbsp;Javier G. Serrano,&nbsp;Sara B. Armas-Quintana,&nbsp;Rosa Fregel,&nbsp;Aaron Morquecho-Izquier,&nbsp;Jonathan Santana","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70172","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analyzes the relationship between femoral cross-sectional geometric properties (CSGP) and the topographic features of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) in the Amazigh population. We assess individual variation and differences by region (Inland vs. Coast) and sex to infer mobility patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample comprises 110 complete adult femora representing a minimum of 88 individuals from eight Amazigh period sites (5th–15th centuries <span>ce</span>) located in both inland and coastal regions. Sex estimation was conducted using a combination of paleogenomic data, mathematical methods, and morphological traits. Geospatial analyses using GIS allowed us to estimate calculated catchment area (A) and average slope (AS) for each site. CSGP were obtained via CT at 20%–80% of bone biomechanical length.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences were found between inland and coastal sites in A and AS values. Regional variations in femoral geometry appeared primarily at mid-proximal diaphyseal levels, with a tend coastal showing stronger femora and greater resistance to bending and torsional forces than inland individuals. Sex-related differences were significant across most femoral levels, with males displaying larger areas and second moment of area than females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Femoral CSGP in the Amazigh population of Gran Canaria indicates similar mobility patterns across regions, likely shaped by the island's rugged terrain, with a slightly higher mobility pattern observed in the coastal areas. Additionally, sex-gender related differences in femoral properties suggest a higher mobility activity in males probably due to a division of labor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedal and Manual Proximal Phalangeal Curvatures Among Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus","authors":"Joseph K. Won,&nbsp;Matthew W. Tocheri,&nbsp;Caley M. Orr,&nbsp;Biren A. Patel","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phalangeal curvature in hominoids correlates with locomotor behavior, with greater curvature associated with arboreality. Prior research using 2D geometric morphometrics (2DGM) demonstrated this relationship in the third manual proximal phalanges (mPP3) of orangutans. Specifically, the more terrestrial Bornean orangutans (<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>) have less curved mPP3s than the less terrestrial Sumatran orangutans (<i>Pongo abelii</i>). This study extends the analysis to the third pedal proximal phalanges (pPP3) to assess if a similar pattern exists and further evaluate the link between curvature and locomotor diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed pPP3 curvature in <i>P. abelii</i> (<i>n</i> = 16) and <i>P. pygmaeus</i> (<i>n</i> = 15) using a 2DGM approach. Comparisons were made with previously published mPP3 data. Generalized Procrustes analyses and principal components analysis were performed on 100 landmarks placed along the diaphysis's central longitudinal axis to quantify shape variation. ANOVA and post hoc tests determined significance between species and autopods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PC1 accounted for 73.4% of shape variance, primarily reflecting dorsoplantar curvature. <i>P. abelii</i> exhibited significantly greater curvature, aligning with its more arboreal lifestyle. Additionally, curvature in pPP3s was greater than in mPP3s within species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results support the hypothesis that phalangeal curvature reflects habitual substrate use at lower taxonomic resolutions. The greater curvature in <i>P. abelii</i> corresponds to its predominantly arboreal locomotion, while the lesser curvature in <i>P. pygmaeus</i> aligns with increased terrestriality. Additionally, greater curvature in pedal versus manual phalanges may suggest differential adaptations related to substrate engagement. These findings enhance understanding of extant primate autopod functional morphology and can inform reconstructions of extinct species' positional behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145589144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Human Sexual Polymorphism and Predicted Ranges of Morphological Variation in Human Skeletal Sex Indicators”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Astorino, C. M. 2025. “Human Sexual Polymorphism and Predicted Ranges of Morphological Variation in Human Skeletal Sex Indicators.” <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i> 188, no. 2: e70135. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70135.</p><p>On page 5 of the Introduction section, the text incorrectly reads, “Gonad type superseded genitals as the definitive sex indicator when surgical means allowed for internal observation of intersex individuals until gonads were observed that could not be clearly identified as <span><b>a gonad</b></span> or a testis, or two different types of gonads were found within the same individual (Dreger 1998; Swarr 2023).” This text should have read as follows: “Gonad type superseded genitals as the definitive sex indicator when surgical means allowed for internal observation of intersex individuals until gonads were observed that could not be clearly identified as <span><b>an ovary</b></span> or a testis, or two different types of gonads were found within the same individual (Dreger 1998; Swarr 2023).”</p><p>Additionally, the first sentence in the Results section 3.6, on pg 13, incorrectly reads, “Although <span><b>two sex chromosomes</b></span> per gamete <span><b>are</b></span> most typical, occasionally, no sex chromosome is sorted into an ovum or sperm during meiosis.” This text should read as follows: “Although <span><b>one sex chromosome</b></span> per gamete <span><b>is</b></span> most typical, occasionally, no sex chromosome is sorted into an ovum or sperm during meiosis.”</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enamel Prism Angle Variation and Hard-Object Feeding in Cercopithecoids With Known Diets","authors":"Jacob Scheinblum,&nbsp;W. Scott McGraw,&nbsp;Kaita Gurian,&nbsp;Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine relationships between enamel prism angles relative to wear surfaces and dietary hardness in three cercopithecoid genera. We hypothesized that the hard-object feeding (durophagous) <i>Cercocebus atys</i> and <i>Lophocebus albigena</i> would have higher prism angles, making their enamel in this region stiffer and stronger in this region, than the soft-object feeding <i>Cercopithecus</i>. We further investigated whether the habitually durophagous <i>Cercocebus atys</i> and the fallback hard-object feeding <i>Lophocebus albigena</i> had similarly high prism angles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Molars were sectioned using standard protocols and imaged with a Motic BA 310 Microscope with a Moticam camera. ImageJ FIJI was used to measure prism and wear angles. Measurements were made on 13 <i>Cercocebus atys,</i> 13 <i>Lophocebus albigena,</i> and 11 <i>Cercopithecu</i>s molars, though sample sizes varied for different comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repeated measures regressions of upper functional and non-functional cusps were used to test for the effects of tooth, genus, tooth-genus interaction, and wear angle on prism angle. Genus and wear angle were found to be statistically significant predictors. Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly higher prism angles in <i>Cercocebus atys</i> vs. both <i>Lophocebus albigena</i> and <i>Cercopithecus</i>. There was no significant difference between <i>Lophocebus albigena</i> and <i>Cercopithecus</i> in prism angles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our finding that the prism angles of a fallback hard-object feeder (<i>Lophocebus albigena</i>) are more similar to those of a soft-object feeder (<i>Cercopithecus</i>) than to a habitual hard-object feeder (<i>Cercocebus atys</i>) suggests that the correspondence between durophagy and enamel microstructure is not straightforward, complicating our ability to infer durophagy in the fossil record.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceiving Primates: Review of Primates in History, Myth, Art, and ScienceBy Cecilia Veracini and Bernard Wood (eds.), Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. 344 pp. $119.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-03-271087-7. 344 pp. $50.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1-13-819839-5","authors":"Lara Durgavich","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied Connections: Review of Cooperation and Hierarchy in Ancient Bolivia: Building Community With the Body by Sara L. Juengst, New York: Routledge, 2023. 122 pp. ISBN: 978-1-032-00470-9","authors":"Cassandra M. S. DeGaglia","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedagogy in Practice, A Collaborative Textbook Review of: Forensic Anthropology, An Introductory Lab ManualBy Christopher M. Stojanowski and Andrew, C. Seidel, FL: University Press of Florida, 2023. 408 pp. $65.00 (softcover). ISBN-13: 978-1-68340-356-2","authors":"Tisa N. Loewen,&nbsp;Emma Caraher,&nbsp;Samantha Horn","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molar Cervical Root Cross-Sectional Morphology and Diet in Extant Catarrhines","authors":"Zana R. Sims","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>External tooth root morphology has demonstrated utility in understanding the mechanical function of teeth including patterns of loading during mastication and the overall mechanical challenge of foods consumed. Yet, there is still a paucity of information regarding how signals of diet, apart from these patterns, might be reflected in root form. This study examines whether a cross-section taken from the molar root cervix contains signals related to diet and masticatory function in extant catarrhine primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Micro-CT scans of 11 genera of catarrhines were used to obtain 188 mandibular molars (M₁, M₂, and M₃) from the right side. A single slice taken from the cervical margin was used to generate cross-sectional properties for analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OLS regression of dentin area on mandibular length provided evidence of a strong relationship (<i>r</i>² = 0.90–0.93, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and analysis of the residuals indicated significant differences for dietary category. Post hoc tests revealed that soft and hard object frugivores differ in relative dentin area across the molar row (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, a ratio calculated from the second moments of area <i>I</i>_x and <i>I</i>_y describing the cross-sectional dentin distribution showed that dentin allocation was also significantly associated with dietary category serving to distinguish hard object frugivores from all other groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cervical root cross-section contains information regarding both the mechanical function of a tooth as well as conveying some aspects of dietary specialization, particularly for frugivorous catarrhines. This region provides a more nuanced understanding of dental adaptation along the folivore–frugivore continuum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12625805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145542736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}