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Advancing Scientific Collection-Based Research With the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl) 利用全球科学馆藏登记(GRSciColl)推进基于科学馆藏的研究
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70184
Yuting Gao, Steven R. Leigh

Natural history museums provide unique and extremely valuable research resources. However, relatively few museums have externally discoverable records. Biological anthropologists frequently rely on materials in these collections—including skeletal remains, fossil hominins, and nonhuman primate materials—to study human evolution, functional anatomy, and genetic variation. Unfortunately, traditional means of sourcing museum resources, such as curator consultations, published references, or informal research networks, may be inefficient, biased toward certain institutions, and out of date. The Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl), part of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), addresses these challenges by centralizing metadata on scientific collections, enabling researchers to locate research materials, reduce biases, and broaden sampling diversity. GRSciColl supports interdisciplinary collaborations, digital resource sharing, and educational applications, such as data literacy training. It also standardizes institutional references, improves provenance tracking, and data interoperability. By increasing access to collections—including to researchers lacking financial resources—GRSciColl bridges the gap between physical museum holdings and digital research needs, fostering innovation in biological anthropology and other fields.

自然历史博物馆提供了独特而极有价值的研究资源。然而,相对较少的博物馆有外部可发现的记录。生物人类学家经常依靠这些收藏中的材料——包括骨骼遗骸、古人类化石和非人灵长类动物材料——来研究人类进化、功能解剖学和遗传变异。不幸的是,传统的获取博物馆资源的方式,如馆长咨询、出版参考文献或非正式的研究网络,可能效率低下,偏向某些机构,而且过时。作为全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)的一部分,全球科学收藏注册(GRSciColl)通过集中科学收藏的元数据,使研究人员能够定位研究材料,减少偏差,扩大采样多样性,解决了这些挑战。GRSciColl支持跨学科合作、数字资源共享和教育应用,如数据素养培训。它还标准化了机构参考,改进了来源跟踪和数据互操作性。grscicoll增加了对藏品的访问——包括对缺乏资金的研究人员的访问——弥合了博物馆实物馆藏与数字研究需求之间的差距,促进了生物人类学和其他领域的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Barriers to Success: Opening the Discussion of the Financial Burdens and Graduate Student Experiences in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology 成功的经济障碍:开启生物考古学和法医人类学的经济负担和研究生经历的讨论
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70182
Abigail Elaine Houkes, Laura Cirillo

Objectives

This study examines the financial barriers faced by graduate students in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology, addressing a critical gap by incorporating recent perspectives. Prior research has highlighted financial inequities within the field, yet few studies focus on burdens impacting students' well-being, academic success, and career paths. This research aims to amplify student voices and identify actionable, student-centered solutions to alleviate financial strain and support retention.

Materials and Methods

A 29-question anonymous survey was distributed to current and recent biological anthropology graduate students (n = 103) across the United States. Questions covered various financial factors, including institutional costs, students' lived experiences with strain, and career advancement expenses. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic coding for qualitative responses.

Results

The survey revealed that nearly all participants depend on some form of financial aid (assistantships, grants, fellowships, or scholarships), with many reporting insufficient stipends, unmet living costs, and a need for external employment. Over half-expressed concerns about financial impacts on career opportunities, with many using loans or credit to cover essential costs like conferences, travel, and program fees. Financial strain significantly impacted well-being, with 58% considering leaving the field due to financial pressures.

Discussion

The findings underscore the urgent need for institutional reforms to ensure livable wages, transparent funding, and professional development support. Addressing these barriers is essential for retaining diverse talent and fostering a sustainable future in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. This study advocates practical solutions to reduce financial inequity and promote a more inclusive academic environment.

本研究考察了生物考古学和法医人类学研究生面临的经济障碍,通过结合最近的观点解决了一个关键的差距。先前的研究强调了该领域内的经济不平等,但很少有研究关注影响学生福祉、学业成功和职业道路的负担。本研究旨在扩大学生的声音,并确定可操作的,以学生为中心的解决方案,以减轻经济压力和支持保留。材料与方法一项包含29个问题的匿名调查被分发给美国各地的生物人类学研究生(n = 103)。问题涵盖了各种经济因素,包括机构成本、学生的生活压力经历和职业发展费用。定量数据采用描述性统计分析,定性数据采用专题编码分析。调查显示,几乎所有参与者都依赖某种形式的经济援助(助学金、助学金、研究金或奖学金),许多人报告津贴不足,生活费用未满足,需要外部就业。超过一半的人担心经济对职业机会的影响,许多人使用贷款或信贷来支付会议、差旅费和项目费用等基本费用。经济压力严重影响了他们的幸福感,58%的人由于经济压力考虑离开这个领域。研究结果强调,迫切需要进行制度改革,以确保工资水平适宜、资金透明和专业发展支持。解决这些障碍对于留住多样化人才和促进生物考古学和法医人类学的可持续未来至关重要。本研究提倡切实可行的解决方案,以减少财务不平等,促进更具包容性的学术环境。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing Contextual Observations in Support of All Gender Expressions (COSAGE): A Crowdsourced Guide for Documenting Assigned Sex at Birth and Gender Expression in Human Identification Efforts 引入上下文观察以支持所有性别表达(COSAGE):记录出生时指定性别和人类身份识别工作中的性别表达的众包指南。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70180
Samantha H. Blatt, Mariyam I. Isa, Amy R. Michael, Taylor M. Flaherty, Ashley Smith, Samantha Unwin, Stephanie Howard

Objectives

Forensic practitioners will encounter unidentified decedents who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD) in their casework. While gender identity cannot be estimated from the skeleton, nor known until a decedent is positively identified, physical and contextual evidence of gender expression may inform biocultural identification efforts. The Contextual Observations in Support of All Gender Expressions (COSAGE) form is introduced as a tool meant to mitigate cognitive biases and guide a biocultural approach for considering evidence of gender expression in unidentified persons cases.

Materials and Methods

COSAGE was developed through a crowdsourcing approach with input from anthropologists, TGD community members, and authors' positionality. The form allows users to document gender-affirming personal items and medical procedures alongside more traditional skeletal sex estimation and contextual evidence in unidentified decedent cases. The form is a “living” document designed to evolve with changes to skeletal methods, gender-affirming personal items, medical procedures, and terminology.

Results

The COSAGE form is a four-part guide for documenting (1) the analyst's decision-making process for estimating skeletal sex and assigned sex at birth (ASAB), (2) skeletal evidence of gender-affirming care, (3) nonskeletal evidence of gender-affirming care and other aspects of physical appearance, and (4) associated personal items. Examples of potentially gender-affirming items and skeletal modifications are embedded within the form and suggestions are presented for reporting this evidence within unidentified persons databases.

Discussion

The COSAGE form contributes to a growing call to apply biocultural approaches in forensic anthropology casework. Practitioners can use the form to better document contextual information that may aid identification efforts in cases involving TGD decedents.

目的:法医从业者将遇到身份不明的死者谁是跨性别和性别多样化(TGD)在他们的案件工作。虽然不能从骨骼中估计性别身份,也不能在死者被确定身份之前知道,但性别表达的身体和环境证据可能为生物文化鉴定工作提供信息。“支持所有性别表达的语境观察”(COSAGE)表格是一种工具,旨在减轻认知偏见,并指导生物文化方法来考虑身份不明者案件中性别表达的证据。材料和方法:COSAGE是通过众包的方式开发的,并得到了人类学家、TGD社区成员和作者的意见。该表格允许用户记录性别确认的个人物品和医疗程序,以及更传统的骨骼性别估计和身份不明的死者案件的背景证据。该表单是一个“活的”文档,旨在随着骨骼方法、性别确认个人物品、医疗程序和术语的变化而发展。结果:COSAGE表格是一个包含四部分的指南,用于记录(1)分析师估计骨骼性别和出生性别(ASAB)的决策过程,(2)性别肯定护理的骨骼证据,(3)性别肯定护理和身体外表其他方面的非骨骼证据,以及(4)相关的个人物品。表格中嵌入了可能确认性别的项目和骨骼修改的示例,并提出了在身份不明人员数据库中报告这些证据的建议。讨论:COSAGE形式有助于在法医人类学案件工作中应用生物文化方法的呼声越来越高。从业者可以使用该表格更好地记录上下文信息,这可能有助于在涉及TGD死者的案件中进行识别工作。
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引用次数: 0
The Patterning Cascade Model and Human Mandibular Premolar Variation 模式级联模型与人类下颌前磨牙变异。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70178
Molly Militello, Dori E. Kenessey, Christopher M. Stojanowski, Kathleen S. Paul

Objectives

The patterning cascade model (PCM) provides a predictive framework for examining crown variation and posits that tooth size and enamel knot spacing, along with surrounding inhibitory fields, strongly influence crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine if mandibular premolar variation aligns with predictions derived from the PCM.

Materials and Methods

Using three-dimensional (3D) scans and two-dimensional (2D) images of dental casts representing a contemporary human sample (n = 63), we collected crown area, cusp area, and intercusp distance measurements, including 3D distances to account for differential cusp height. After controlling for size variation, relative measurements were subjected to analyses of variance, t-tests, dichotomized generalized linear model regressions, and linear regressions to examine their relationship with lingual cusp number.

Results

Relative intercusp distance between the mesiolingual cusp and its distal neighbor differs significantly between two and three lingual cusped premolars; those with two lingual cusps exhibit greater distance, on average. Two lingual cusped P4s exhibit greater 2D distance between the buccal and mesiolingual cusps. Models involving the relative area of the mesiolingual cusp and its distal neighbor were significant, with three lingual cusped P4s exhibiting smaller cusps.

Discussion

These findings partially align with PCM-derived expectations. The mesiolingual cusp is involved in all significant findings, which suggests its precursory enamel knot placement and inhibitory zoning have the greatest influence on mandibular premolar morphology. Generally, 2D and 3D analyses yield similar results, but the strength of the relationship is greater for 3D measurements in P3s, which are characterized by marked cusp height disparities.

目的:模式级联模型(PCM)为检查冠变异提供了一个预测框架,并假设牙齿大小和牙釉质结间距以及周围的抑制场强烈影响冠形态。本研究的目的是确定下颌前磨牙变异是否与PCM预测相符。材料和方法:使用代表当代人类样本(n = 63)的牙模的三维(3D)扫描和二维(2D)图像,我们收集了牙冠面积、牙尖面积和牙尖间距离测量值,包括3D距离,以解释牙尖高度的差异。在控制大小变化后,对相关测量值进行方差分析、t检验、二分类广义线性模型回归和线性回归,以检验其与舌尖数的关系。结果:两颗和三颗舌尖前磨牙的中舌尖与远端相邻尖间相对距离差异显著;平均而言,那些有两个舌尖的人表现出更大的距离。两个舌尖P4s在颊尖和中舌尖之间表现出更大的二维距离。涉及中舌尖及其远端邻居的相对面积的模型是显著的,三个舌尖P4s显示较小的尖。讨论:这些发现部分符合pcm衍生的期望。中舌尖参与了所有重要的发现,这表明其前体牙釉质结的放置和抑制分区对下颌前磨牙形态的影响最大。一般来说,2D和3D分析产生相似的结果,但p3的3D测量关系更强,其特征是明显的尖端高度差异。
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引用次数: 0
Can Asymmetrical Mechanical Loading Be Accurately Inferred From the Analysis of Skeletal Material? 从骨骼材料的分析中可以准确地推断出不对称的机械载荷吗?
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70176
Antonio Profico, Nathan Jeffery, Fotios Alexandros Karakostis

Objectives

Reconstructing habitual limb preference in the past is crucial for understanding the evolution of hominin behavior. However, our ability to reliably identify asymmetrical behaviors from bone remains is limited due to a lack of experimental evidence directly correlating a history of loading asymmetry with skeletal asymmetry. We address this gap by analyzing an existing laboratory sample of rats subjected to asymmetric loading, relying on four methodological approaches that address both external and internal bone morphology.

Materials and Methods

Data were derived from nine genetically consistent Wistar rat tibiofibulae, exposed to controlled asymmetrical loading. Asymmetry was evaluated using 3D geometric morphometrics for analyzing bone shape, cross-sectional geometry for assessing biomechanical strength, cortical thickness mapping of compact bone distribution, and V.E.R.A. (1.0 and 2.0) for quantifying 3D muscle attachment sites.

Results

The findings revealed a clear association between asymmetrical loading and bone asymmetry, particularly in the distal periosteum and medio-anterior midshaft, which exhibited notable 3D shape changes and increased cortical thickness. Additionally, polar second moment of area values were higher in stimulated limbs, indicating improved biomechanical function. The 3D entheseal areas of the stimulated limbs were also proportionally larger, with no apparent association with allometric factors.

Discussion

This study provides experimental proof-of-concept that asymmetric biomechanical loading influences skeletal bilateral asymmetry, suggesting that reconstructing limb preference is feasible using these methods. Future applications could enhance our understanding of the evolution of hominin handedness and its role in ancient lifeways.

目的:重建过去的习惯性肢体偏好对理解人类行为的进化至关重要。然而,由于缺乏将负载不对称历史与骨骼不对称直接联系起来的实验证据,我们从骨骼遗骸中可靠地识别不对称行为的能力是有限的。我们通过分析受到不对称载荷的大鼠的现有实验室样本来解决这一差距,依靠四种方法方法来解决外部和内部骨形态。材料和方法:数据来源于9只基因一致的Wistar大鼠胫腓骨,暴露在受控的不对称载荷下。采用三维几何形态测量法分析骨形状、横截面几何法评估生物力学强度、致密骨分布的皮质厚度映射以及ve.r.a(1.0和2.0)量化3D肌肉附着部位来评估不对称性。结果:研究结果显示不对称载荷与骨不对称之间存在明显的关联,特别是在远端骨膜和中前中轴,表现出明显的3D形状变化和皮质厚度增加。此外,受刺激肢体的极秒面积矩值更高,表明生物力学功能得到改善。受刺激肢体的三维骨骺面积也按比例增大,与异速生长因子无明显关联。讨论:本研究提供了不对称生物力学载荷影响骨骼双侧不对称的实验概念证明,表明使用这些方法重建肢体偏好是可行的。未来的应用可以增强我们对古人类利手性的进化及其在古代生活方式中的作用的理解。
{"title":"Can Asymmetrical Mechanical Loading Be Accurately Inferred From the Analysis of Skeletal Material?","authors":"Antonio Profico,&nbsp;Nathan Jeffery,&nbsp;Fotios Alexandros Karakostis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reconstructing habitual limb preference in the past is crucial for understanding the evolution of hominin behavior. However, our ability to reliably identify asymmetrical behaviors from bone remains is limited due to a lack of experimental evidence directly correlating a history of loading asymmetry with skeletal asymmetry. We address this gap by analyzing an existing laboratory sample of rats subjected to asymmetric loading, relying on four methodological approaches that address both external and internal bone morphology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were derived from nine genetically consistent Wistar rat tibiofibulae, exposed to controlled asymmetrical loading. Asymmetry was evaluated using 3D geometric morphometrics for analyzing bone shape, cross-sectional geometry for assessing biomechanical strength, cortical thickness mapping of compact bone distribution, and V.E.R.A. (1.0 and 2.0) for quantifying 3D muscle attachment sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings revealed a clear association between asymmetrical loading and bone asymmetry, particularly in the distal periosteum and medio-anterior midshaft, which exhibited notable 3D shape changes and increased cortical thickness. Additionally, polar second moment of area values were higher in stimulated limbs, indicating improved biomechanical function. The 3D entheseal areas of the stimulated limbs were also proportionally larger, with no apparent association with allometric factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides experimental proof-of-concept that asymmetric biomechanical loading influences skeletal bilateral asymmetry, suggesting that reconstructing limb preference is feasible using these methods. Future applications could enhance our understanding of the evolution of hominin handedness and its role in ancient lifeways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"188 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional Morphology of the Scaphoid in Extant African Apes, Humans and Fossil Hominins 现存非洲猿、人类和古人类的舟骨功能形态学。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70157
Nadine G. Steer, Ameline Bardo, Thomas W. Davies, Antonio Rosas, Matthew M. Skinner, Tracy L. Kivell

Objectives

The morphology of the hominoid scaphoid has played a key role in functional and evolutionary hypotheses related to the emergence of hominin bipedalism and tool use. However, the scaphoid's complex morphology is challenging to comparatively analyze via traditional 2D linear measurements. This study quantifies scaphoid morphology utilizing 3D geometric morphometrics (3D GM) in African apes, humans and extinct hominins to provide a more holistic functional understanding of scaphoid morphology.

Materials and Methods

We use 3D GM, including anatomical and sliding semi-landmarks, to quantify scaphoid morphology in a comparative sample of African apes (Gorilla, Gorilla beringei, Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes) (N = 54), extant and fossil Homo sapiens (N = 20) and nine fossil hominin scaphoids from Australopithecus sp., Australopithecus sediba, Homo naledi and Neandertals.

Results

Principal component analysis indicates that extant species can be distinguished by differences in scaphoid shape that are consistent with variation in hand use during locomotion and manipulation. The australopith scaphoids plot between the African ape and modern human distributions, whereas H. naledi falls between Gorilla and human distributions.

Discussion

Results confirm previous studies describing differences between extant African apes and modern human scaphoids that were interpreted as advantageous for knuckle-walking and forceful manipulation, respectively. However, we highlight greater variation between Pan and Gorilla than previously recognized. The fossil hominin scaphoids present differing mosaics of joint orientation and shape, creating a distinct overall morphology in each hominin species. This may reflect differing functional pressures acting upon hominin wrists resulting from disparate combinations of locomotor and manipulative behaviors.

目的:类人猿舟骨的形态在与人类两足行走和工具使用的出现有关的功能和进化假设中起着关键作用。然而,由于舟状骨的复杂形态,很难通过传统的二维线性测量进行比较分析。本研究利用三维几何形态计量学(3D GM)对非洲猿、人类和已灭绝古人类的舟状骨形态进行量化,以提供对舟状骨形态更全面的功能理解。材料和方法:我们使用三维GM技术,包括解剖和滑动半标记,量化了非洲猿类(大猩猩、白使大猩猩、泛猿和泛穴居人)(N = 54)、现存和化石智人(N = 20)和来自南方古猿、南方古猿sediba、纳勒迪人和尼安德特人的9个古人类舟骨化石的舟骨形态。结果:主成分分析表明,现有物种可以通过舟状骨形状的差异来区分,这与运动和操作过程中手部使用的变化一致。南猿的舟骨分布在非洲猿和现代人类分布之间,而纳勒迪人的舟骨分布在大猩猩和人类分布之间。讨论:结果证实了先前的研究,这些研究描述了现存非洲猿和现代人类舟骨之间的差异,这些差异分别被解释为有利于指关节行走和有力操作。然而,我们强调了潘和大猩猩之间的差异比以前认识到的更大。古人类舟骨化石在关节方向和形状上呈现出不同的镶嵌,在每个古人类物种中形成了不同的整体形态。这可能反映了由于不同的运动和操作行为组合而导致的作用于古人类手腕的不同功能压力。
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引用次数: 0
Mozambique's Colonial-Era Non-Human Primate Collection at the National Museum of Natural History and Science of Lisbon: Taxonomy, Provenance, and Historical Context 里斯本国家自然历史和科学博物馆的莫桑比克殖民时期非人类灵长类动物收藏:分类、来源和历史背景。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70174
Matilde Osório, Cecilia Veracini

Objectives

This study reviews Mozambique's non-human primate collection housed at the National Museum of Natural History and Science (MUHNAC) in Lisbon. The collection originates from the Zoological Missions of Mozambique (1948 and 1955) carried out under Portuguese colonial administration. The objectives of this work were to: i. reorganize the collection to facilitate future research; ii. compile data on the species represented, number of individuals, their sex, age, and geographic provenance; iii. document the historical and sociocultural context of the Zoological Missions with particular attention to the Gorongosa region.

Material and Methods

Methods Include: 1. Zoological Examination of Each Specimen (Taxonomic Identification and Updated Nomenclature); 2. Historical Research on the Collection (e.g., Collectors, Collection Sites, and Methodologies) Drawing on Materials From Historical Archive, Institute of Tropical Scientific Research, Zoology Centre Collection, University of Lisbon.

Results

A total of 34 individuals were identified (26 skulls and 30 skins), comprising 26 individuals from the family Galagidae (Otolemur crassicaudatus, Paragalago granti, Galago moholi) and 8 individuals from the family Cercopithecidae (Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Cercopithecus mitis, Papio ursinus). Among these, 13 individuals (eight O. crassicaudatus, one Paragalago granti, one C. pygerythrus and three P. ursinus) originated from the historical Gorongosa region. Historical evidence indicates that Portuguese zoologists considered Gorongosa as a prime area for the establishment of a national park, speculating that it could also be used for breeding and domestication of large fauna.

Discussion

The review of Portugal's primate collections offers new opportunities to investigate primate taxa that still present taxonomic and evolutionary challenges. Understanding the historical and sociopolitical contexts in which these collections were assembled is essential for reinterpreting their scientific and cultural value within contemporary biological anthropology.

目的:本研究回顾了位于里斯本的莫桑比克国家自然历史与科学博物馆(MUHNAC)收藏的非人灵长类动物。这些藏品来自葡萄牙殖民统治下的莫桑比克动物使团(1948年和1955年)。这项工作的目标是:1 .重新整理收集,以促进未来的研究;2。汇编有关所代表的物种、个体数量、性别、年龄和地理来源的数据;3。记录动物任务的历史和社会文化背景,特别关注戈龙戈萨地区。材料与方法:方法包括:1。每个标本的动物学检验(分类鉴定和最新命名法)2. 收集的历史研究(例如,收集者,收集地点和方法),从历史档案中提取材料,热带科学研究所,动物学中心收藏,里斯本大学。结果:共鉴定出34只(颅骨26只,皮30只),其中加拉科26只(耳鼠、大副加拉、莫霍利加拉),蠓科8只(pygerythrus、mitis、Papio ursinus)。其中13个个体(8只O. crassicaudatus, 1只Paragalago granti, 1只C. pygerythrus, 3只P. ursinus)来自历史上的戈龙戈萨地区。历史证据表明,葡萄牙动物学家认为戈龙戈萨是建立国家公园的最佳地区,并推测它也可以用来繁殖和驯化大型动物。讨论:对葡萄牙灵长类动物收藏的回顾提供了新的机会来研究仍然存在分类和进化挑战的灵长类动物分类群。了解这些藏品聚集的历史和社会政治背景,对于在当代生物人类学中重新解释它们的科学和文化价值至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Proceedings of the 94th Business Meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists 美国生物人类学家协会第94届商业会议论文集。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70175
Kristi L. Lewton
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引用次数: 0
Embodiment and Lived Experience in Human Biology. 人类生物学中的化身与生活经验。
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70120
Alanna E F Rudzik

Lived experience is concerned with the ways that humans experience the world as embodied subjects. Lived experience and embodiment have been of growing interest to biological anthropologists across the subdiscipline. The focus of this article is how human biologists have examined and understand lived experience and embodiment. The article is structured in three sections. The first provides an overview of theories of phenomenology, embodiment, and "the body" from the realms of philosophy, medical anthropology and public health. The second reviews work within human biology that has made use of these theoretical concepts, either implicitly or explicitly. For scholars of human biology attaining statistical power for quantitative analyses of biological data drives an emphasis on larger sample sizes or analysis of decontextualised secondary data. Ethnographic engagement with research participants' lived experience, analyzed in association with biological findings, is rather rare. Particular attention is paid to what has been termed "ethnographic human biology" and to exemplars of this approach. The closing section of the paper presents a call for biological anthropologists to engage with an integrated anthropology, based around theories of embodiment and lived experience, in light of recent advances that have complicated our understanding of evolutionary processes.

生活经验关注的是人类作为具体化主体体验世界的方式。整个分支学科的生物人类学家对生活经验和具体化越来越感兴趣。本文的重点是人类生物学家如何检查和理解生活经验和具体化。这篇文章分为三个部分。第一部分概述了哲学、医学人类学和公共卫生领域的现象学、化身和“身体”理论。第二篇综述在使用这些理论概念的人类生物学中进行,或隐或明。对于人类生物学学者来说,获得生物数据定量分析的统计能力,推动了对更大样本量或非上下文化次要数据分析的强调。民族志研究参与者的生活经验,分析与生物学发现的关联,是相当罕见的。特别注意的是所谓的“人种学人类生物学”和这种方法的范例。论文的最后部分呼吁生物人类学家参与一个综合人类学,基于具体化和生活经验的理论,鉴于最近的进展,使我们对进化过程的理解复杂化。
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引用次数: 0
Evolving a Field: Can Evolutionary Theory Provide What the Study of Human Evolution Requires? 进化一个领域:进化理论能提供人类进化研究所需的东西吗?
IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70127
Charles C Roseman, Benjamin M Auerbach

The extended evolutionary synthesis (EES) is a school of thought that maintains that genetic determination and natural selection are over-emphasized in the study of evolution at the expense of non-genetic inheritance and processes of evolution beyond selection. Its proponents call for the de-emphasis of genetics and the adoption of a broader model of inheritance that includes cultural and epigenetic transgenerational effects and strong adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Presenting itself as a radical alternative to what it claims is a rigid and ossified theoretical orthodoxy, the EES has lately gained considerable traction among scholars of human evolution, and a distinct sub-branch of the EES unique to the biological anthropological study of human evolution has emerged (the EES in human evolution). To date, however, no direct comparison between the EES in human evolution and other contemporary evolutionary approaches has been attempted to evaluate whether the EES in human evolution affords researchers an edge in articulating good questions and structuring research programs to answer them. After reviewing the landscape of evolutionary theory, we evaluate whether the EES in human evolution is capable of delivering the processually pluralistic vision of evolution it has long promised and whether it brings something that the decades-long ongoing synthesis (OS) of evolutionary theory since the modern synthesis does not. We then conduct a head-to-head comparison to evaluate the relative explanatory efficacy of the EES and our preferred OS theoretical framework on several issues of human morphological evolution. We demonstrate that evolutionary perspectives as drawn from the OS have a much more clarifying effect on the investigation of human evolution than their EES-based competitor. Far from being a radical extension of evolutionary thought, the EES in human evolution offers little more than another idiom in which to tell adaptationist stories and triumphalist narratives of the ascent of humanity. Theory from the OS opens up new horizons of possible investigation of human evolution in a uniquely processually pluralistic and rigorous framework.

扩展进化综合(EES)是一种思想流派,认为在进化研究中,基因决定和自然选择被过分强调,而牺牲了非基因遗传和选择之外的进化过程。它的支持者呼吁减少对遗传学的强调,采用更广泛的遗传模型,包括文化和表观遗传的跨代效应以及强大的适应性表型可塑性。EES自称是一种激进的替代理论,它声称是一种僵化的正统理论,最近在人类进化学者中获得了相当大的吸引力,并且出现了EES独特的人类进化生物人类学研究分支(人类进化中的EES)。然而,到目前为止,还没有人将人类进化中的EES与其他当代进化方法进行直接比较,以评估人类进化中的EES是否在阐明好问题和构建研究计划以回答这些问题方面为研究人员提供了优势。在回顾了进化理论的景观之后,我们评估了人类进化中的EES是否能够提供它长期以来所承诺的进化过程的多元化愿景,以及它是否带来了自现代综合以来长达数十年的进化理论的持续综合(OS)所没有的东西。然后,我们进行了正面比较,以评估EES和我们首选的OS理论框架在人类形态进化的几个问题上的相对解释效力。我们证明,从OS中得出的进化观点比基于ees的竞争对手对人类进化的研究有更明确的作用。人类进化中的EES远非进化思想的激进延伸,只不过是讲述适应主义故事和人类崛起的必胜主义叙事的另一种成语。从OS的理论开辟了新的视野,可能调查人类进化在一个独特的过程多元化和严格的框架。
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American Journal of Biological Anthropology
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