American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献_第3页

Cover & Editorial Board 封面及编委

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70197

引用次数: 0

Maternal Genetic Ancestry of Gujarat: A Pleistocene Passage to India 古吉拉特邦的母系遗传祖先：通往印度的更新世通道。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70193

Shailesh Desai, Mohammed H. M. Alqaisi, Prajjval Pratap Singh, Pratik Pandey, Rudra Kumar Pandey, Rahul Kumar Mishra, Debjani Das, Anandita Roy, Shruti Bhutra, Alejandro Gamboa, Sunil Kumar Rai, Jose Tom Rapheal, Sachin Kumar Tiwary, Gurudatta Baraka, Bhargav Patel, Gyaneshwer Chaubey

Objectives

This study aims to present a comprehensive maternal genetic perspective on the population history of coastal northwestern India, especially Gujarat. The region is important due to its paleoanthropological significance, its role in the Indus Valley civilization, and its location within routes of Indo-European and Dravidian speaking populations. Previous studies have often used limited samples, underscoring the need for more extensive mitochondrial DNA analyses.

Materials and Methods

We sequenced and analyzed complete mitochondrial genomes from 168 individuals in Gujarat. To place these within a broader phylogenetic framework, we included an additional 529 complete mitogenomes representing East–West Eurasian and South Asian lineages. Phylogenetic relationships and chronological expansions were examined, and Bayesian analysis was used to assess changes in maternal effective population size over time.

Results

Our findings show that the majority of (76%) of maternal lineages in Gujarat are from South Asia. East Eurasian and West Eurasian contributions are comparatively low, at 0.6% and 21%, respectively. Looking at the events of the last few millennia, we note that only 19% of West Eurasian lineages appear to have entered the region within the last 5000 years. Most Eurasian haplogroups represent early founding lineages, while 81% of West Eurasian lineages predate the Steppe migration.

Discussion

The data suggest that western India retains largely indigenous maternal ancestry, with little evidence for major maternal migration or replacement over the last 40,000 years. West Eurasian lineages entered in several small waves rather than a single large influx, challenging the classic Indo-Aryan migration model.

目的：本研究旨在对印度西北沿海地区，特别是古吉拉特邦的人口历史进行全面的母体遗传研究。该地区因其古人类学意义、在印度河流域文明中的作用以及在印欧语和德拉威语人口往来路线上的位置而具有重要意义。以前的研究通常使用有限的样本，强调需要更广泛的线粒体DNA分析。材料和方法：我们对来自古吉拉特邦168个人的线粒体全基因组进行了测序和分析。为了将它们置于更广泛的系统发育框架中，我们包括了额外的529个完整的有丝分裂基因组，代表了东西欧亚和南亚谱系。研究了系统发育关系和时间扩展，并使用贝叶斯分析来评估母体有效种群规模随时间的变化。结果：我们的研究结果表明，古吉拉特邦大多数（76%）的母系来自南亚。东欧亚和西欧亚的贡献相对较低，分别为0.6%和21%。回顾过去几千年的事件，我们注意到只有19%的西欧亚血统似乎在过去5000年里进入了该地区。大多数欧亚单倍群代表早期的创始谱系，而81%的西欧亚谱系早于草原迁徙。讨论：数据表明，西印度保留了大量的土著母系祖先，几乎没有证据表明，在过去的4万年中，主要的母系迁移或更替。西欧亚血统以几次小浪潮进入，而不是一次大规模涌入，挑战了经典的印度-雅利安移民模式。

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引用次数: 0

The Human Remains From the MIS 6 Site of Grotta Del Poggio (Cilento, Southern Italy): A Taxonomic and Chronological Reassessment Grotta Del Poggio （Cilento，意大利南部）MIS 6遗址的人类遗骸：分类和时间的重新评估。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70188

Erica Piccirilli, Rita Sorrentino, Francesca Seghi, Antonino Vazzana, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Sahra Talamo, Katerina Harvati, Matteo Bettuzzi, Maria Pia Morigi, Gerhard Weber, Giulia Capecchi, Vincenzo Spagnolo, Ivan Martini, Adriana Moroni, Francesco Boschin, Stefano Ricci, Stefano Benazzi

Objectives

Grotta del Poggio is a key site for exploring the Middle Paleolithic in southern Italy, as it contains a pivotal anthropogenic deposit, mainly attributed to MIS 6, while in the Metal Ages, the cavity was used as a burial place. Excavations in the cave's deposit led to the discovery of a human molar and a human talus. A preliminary morphological evaluation of the talus concluded that it belonged to Homo sapiens. Conversely, the molar exhibited Neanderthal-like morphology. Here, we perform a taxonomic and chronological reassessment of these human remains.

Materials and Methods

The molar's crown and root morphology were examined and analyzed using linear measurements, 2D geometric morphometrics (GM) of the crown outline, and 3D GM of the enamel-dentin junction (EDJ) and cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The talus was investigated through a 3D GM analysis of its whole shape. Both specimens were compared with Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens samples. Moreover, we performed radiocarbon dating on the talus to elucidate its absolute age.

Results

The molar's non-metric traits, linear measurements, crown outline, EDJ, and CEJ confirmed its Neanderthal attribution, while the talus was attributed to recent H. sapiens. Radiocarbon dating ascribed the talus to the Middle Bronze age.

Discussion

This study clarifies the taxonomic attribution of the two already known human remains from Grotta del Poggio, revising one of the oldest Neanderthal remains in Italy based on cutting-edge methodologies, and elucidating the reasons why a morphologically modern talus was recovered during the excavation of the Mousterian deposit.

Grotta del Poggio是探索意大利南部旧石器时代中期的一个关键地点，因为它包含了一个关键的人为沉积物，主要归因于MIS 6，而在金属时代，这个洞穴被用作墓地。在洞穴沉积物的挖掘中发现了一颗人类的臼齿和一块人类的距骨。对距骨的初步形态学评估得出结论，它属于智人。相反，臼齿表现出类似尼安德特人的形态。在这里，我们对这些人类遗骸进行了分类和时间的重新评估。材料和方法：采用线性测量、牙冠轮廓的二维几何形态测量（GM）、牙釉质-牙本质连接（EDJ）和牙髓-牙釉质连接（CEJ）的三维几何形态测量（GM）对磨牙的冠和根形态进行检查和分析。通过对其整体形状的三维GM分析来研究距骨。这两个标本都与尼安德塔人和智人样本进行了比较。此外，我们对距骨进行了放射性碳定年，以阐明其绝对年龄。结果：臼齿的非公制特征、线性测量、齿冠轮廓、EDJ和CEJ证实了它属于尼安德特人，而距骨则属于近代智人。放射性碳定年法认为这些距骨来自青铜时代中期。讨论：本研究澄清了Grotta del Poggio已知的两具人类遗骸的分类归属，基于尖端的方法修改了意大利最古老的尼安德特人遗骸之一，并阐明了在Mousterian矿床挖掘过程中发现形态现代的talus的原因。

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引用次数: 0

The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection: A Representative Sample? 哈曼-托德人类骨标本：一个有代表性的样本？

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70190

Amanda Wissler, Alysha Lieurance, Aleisha Reynolds, Lydia Bailey, Lauren Nichols, Muneebah Umar, Kerri Widrick, Molly K. Zuckerman

Objectives

The Hamann-Todd Human Osteological Collection (HTHOC) is a documented skeletal collection that has been foundational to the fields of biological anthropology and forensic anthropology. In constructing these standards, the HTHOC has been used as though it encapsulates the range of biological variation of humanity in North America. The powerful role that structural and cultural violence played in the creation of the HTHOC suggests that these individuals are not representative of broader Cleveland, let alone North America. Our goal is to assess several of the biases in the HTHOC. We compare the causes of death and the month of death of those in the HTHOC to the broader Cleveland population to assess whether the HTHOC is truly a representative sample.

Materials and Methods

We analyze the causes of death and months of death for individuals in the HTHOC (obtained from W. Montague Cobb's 1932 dissertation) to the contemporaneous Cleveland population (obtained from Mortality Statistics Annual Reports 1911–1930).

Results

We find notable differences in the causes of death between the HTHOC sample and Cleveland population, particularly in the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis. We also find statistically significant differences in the monthly distribution of deaths in the HTHOC compared to Cleveland.

Discussion

These discrepancies reflect structural inequalities surrounding how the HTHOC individuals were acquired and practical considerations in cadaver acquisition at Western Reserve Medical School. We intend for these findings to inform future decisions as communities and scholars grapple with moving forward with these types of skeletal collections.

目的：哈曼-托德人类骨骼收藏（HTHOC）是一个有记录的骨骼收藏，已经成为生物人类学和法医人类学领域的基础。在构建这些标准时，HTHOC被用来概括北美人类的生物变异范围。结构暴力和文化暴力在HTHOC的创建中所起的强大作用表明，这些人并不代表更广泛的克利夫兰，更不用说北美了。我们的目标是评估HTHOC中的几个偏差。我们将HTHOC中的死亡原因和死亡月份与更广泛的克利夫兰人口进行比较，以评估HTHOC是否真正具有代表性。材料和方法：我们分析了HTHOC中个人的死亡原因和死亡月份（来自W. Montague Cobb的1932年论文）和同期克利夫兰人口（来自1911-1930年死亡率统计年度报告）。结果：我们发现HTHOC样本和克利夫兰人群在死亡原因上存在显著差异，特别是在结核病死亡的百分比上。我们还发现，与克利夫兰相比，HTHOC的月死亡分布在统计上存在显著差异。讨论：这些差异反映了西储医学院尸体采集过程中存在的结构性不平等。我们打算让这些发现为未来的决策提供信息，因为社区和学者们正在努力推进这些类型的骨骼收藏。

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引用次数: 0

Human Evolution in Backwaters, Satellites, and Republics: How Political Change Impacts Paleoanthropology in a Shifting Landscape of Winners and Losers 人类在死水、卫星和共和国的进化：政治变化如何在赢家和输家的变化景观中影响古人类学。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70181

Michelle Glantz, Davorka Radovčić

Objectives

Paleoanthropology has been slow to adopt postcolonial frameworks to assess the validity of interpretations of human origins. This blind spot is made worse when we consider that postcolonial critique is often inappropriate for post-communist spaces. Here we explore the impact of post-communism and the dominant perspectives of Euro-American anthropology on human evolution studies in two places, Croatia and Central Asia.

Materials and Methods

We present a few fine-grained examples from our own areas of study to examine how the colonial mission and emerging neocolonial relationships have privileged datasets and theoretical perspectives emanating from scholars who study specific places, like Africa, Western Europe, and the Levant, while marginalizing those interested in other geographies.

Results

Imperial Russia, the rise of the Soviet Union, and its fall affected the academy in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia differently than that of the Habsburg Monarchy, Yugoslavia, and the Republic of Croatia. Eurocentrism remains the primary lens through which paleoanthropology is refracted. The dominance of this perspective dictates which regional records are deemed marginal by characterizing them first as discontinuous and then as backwaters, edges, or outposts.

Discussion

We argue that geopolitical hegemonies support certain topical and methodological foci in science and, in this regard, genetics is ascendant. How do scientists from Croatia and Central Asia (or those who study these regions) negotiate relationships with the new superpower and still maintain their independence and the particular characteristics of their paleoanthropological records? Whose evolution are we attempting to explain?

目的：古人类学在采用后殖民框架来评估人类起源解释的有效性方面进展缓慢。当我们考虑到后殖民主义批判往往不适合后共产主义空间时，这种盲点就变得更糟了。在这里，我们探讨了后共产主义和欧美人类学的主导观点对克罗地亚和中亚两个地方人类进化研究的影响。材料和方法：我们从我们自己的研究领域中提出了一些精细的例子，以研究殖民使命和新兴的新殖民关系如何具有研究特定地区（如非洲、西欧和黎凡特）的学者的特权数据集和理论观点，同时边缘化那些对其他地理感兴趣的人。结果：俄罗斯帝国、苏联的崛起及其衰落对中亚前苏联加盟共和国的学术影响不同于哈布斯堡王朝、南斯拉夫和克罗地亚共和国。欧洲中心主义仍然是折射古人类学的主要视角。这种观点的主导地位决定了哪些区域记录被认为是边缘记录，首先将它们描述为不连续的，然后是死水、边缘或前哨。讨论：我们认为地缘政治霸权支持科学的某些主题和方法焦点，在这方面，遗传学是优势。来自克罗地亚和中亚的科学家（或那些研究这些地区的科学家）如何与新超级大国谈判关系，同时仍然保持他们的独立性和古人类学记录的特殊性？我们试图解释谁的进化？

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引用次数: 0

Shape Matters: Lemurs Eat Much Bigger Rounded Than Cubic Foods 形状很重要：狐猴吃的圆形食物比立方食物大得多。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70191

Ashley R. Deutsch, Adam Hartstone-Rose

Objectives

Evaluations of maximum ingested bite size (V_b)—the largest bite an animal will ingest whole without biting apart first—provide insights into dietary behaviors. Despite extensive V_b research, it remains unclear whether linear gape or oral volume—related to food minimum linear dimensions or maximal volume, respectively—constrains ingestive bites. To that end, this study compares V_b for tricylinders—a spheroidal shape (the intersection of three perpendicular cylinders)—to cubes (the shape used in all previous V_b studies) to test the effect of different linear dimension-to-volume ratios on bite size.

Materials and Methods

Cube and tricylinder V_b were quantified for 18 lemurs representing nine taxa using the three foods used most extensively in the previous V_b research.

Results

Across all foods, lemurs consumed larger tricylinders than cubes in both linear dimensions and volume. For the softest food, tricylinder V_b is 161% the volume and 139% the maximal linear dimensions of cubic V_b. V_b for both shapes was highly correlated (r² = 0.90–0.96).

Discussion

Lemurs ingested significantly larger tricylinders than cubes, challenging the assumption in all previous V_b research that cube V_b represents an ingestive maximum. This suggests a strong influence of shape on ingestion and that V_b of tricylinders, a more naturalistic shape, may better approximate ingestive constraints. Alternatively, our findings may suggest lemurs ingest foods based on their maximal linear dimensions—potentially related to limitations on their ability to manipulate large foods—rather than gape or oral volume constraints.

目的：评估最大摄食一口大小（Vb）——动物在不首先撕咬的情况下整体摄食的最大一口——为饮食行为提供见解。尽管对Vb进行了广泛的研究，但尚不清楚与食物最小线性尺寸或最大体积相关的线性间隙或口腔体积是否分别限制了摄入性咬伤。为此，本研究比较了三圆柱体(球体形状（三个垂直圆柱体的交叉点）和立方体（之前所有Vb研究中使用的形状）的Vb，以测试不同线性尺寸与体积比对咬大小的影响。材料与方法：采用以往研究中最常用的3种食物，对9个类群的18只狐猴进行立方体和三圆柱体Vb定量。结果：在所有食物中，狐猴在线性尺寸和体积上消耗的三圆柱形食物都比立方体食物大。对于最软的食物，三圆柱体Vb是体积的161%，是三立方体Vb最大线性尺寸的139%。两种形状的Vb高度相关（r2 = 0.90-0.96）。讨论：狐猴摄取的三圆柱体比立方体大得多，这挑战了之前所有Vb研究中关于立方体Vb代表摄取最大值的假设。这表明形状对摄食有很强的影响，而更自然的形状——三缸的Vb可能更接近摄食限制。另外，我们的研究结果可能表明狐猴进食是基于它们最大的线性尺寸——这可能与它们处理大食物的能力限制有关——而不是嘴巴或口腔的体积限制。

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引用次数: 0

Male-Male Greeting Behavior Observed in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique 在莫桑比克戈龙戈萨国家公园观察到的Chacma狒狒（Papio ursinus griseipes）的雄性问候行为。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70169

Jana Muschinski

Objectives

Male–male greetings have been described across many primate species, with varying forms and functions. Within Papio, their study has been of particular interest as baboons show variation in greeting, male–male cooperation, philopatry, and social systems. The function of greetings in Papio may differ by species, including facilitating cooperative behavior, negotiating rank, and maintaining social relationships. Chacma baboons, a species that generally exhibits limited to no coalition formation and low male–male tolerance, remain understudied regarding their male–male greeting behavior.

Materials and Methods

Here I present descriptions of male–male greeting behavior of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) recorded in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique in 2018 and 2019. Behavioral data was collected from video footage and categorized using established definitions from the published literature (e.g., presence and intensity of physical contact, reciprocity, and completeness).

Results and Discussion

Strong similarities in signal use between the sample of chacma baboon greetings and published accounts of olive, hamadryas, and yellow baboon greetings were identified. Specifically, rates of physical contact, intense physical contact, and reciprocal use of facial expressions were similar to those of the other Papio species, excluding the Guinea baboon which exhibits more stereotyped and highly physical greetings. The proportion of observed chacma baboon greetings which were considered “incomplete” (i.e., exhibiting only facial signals, with no presenting or contact) however, was greater than in the other baboon species, highlighting a key difference that may reflect the lower level of male tolerance and weaker male relationships in chacma baboons compared to other baboon species.

目的：在许多灵长类物种中，雄性之间的问候都有不同的形式和功能。在帕皮奥，他们的研究特别有趣，因为狒狒在问候、雄性合作、哲学和社会制度方面表现出差异。在Papio中，问候语的功能可能因物种而异，包括促进合作行为、协商等级和维持社会关系。Chacma狒狒是一种通常表现出有限的没有联盟形成和低雄性-雄性容忍的物种，关于它们的雄性-雄性问候行为仍未得到充分研究。材料与方法：本文描述了2018年和2019年在莫桑比克戈龙戈萨国家公园记录的chacma狒狒（Papio ursinus griseipes）的雄性问候行为。从录像片段中收集行为数据，并根据已发表文献中的既定定义（例如，身体接触的存在和强度、互惠性和完整性）进行分类。结果和讨论：在chacma狒狒问候样本和已发表的橄榄树、hamadryas和黄色狒狒问候样本之间的信号使用有很强的相似性。具体来说，除了几内亚狒狒表现出更多刻板印象和高度肢体接触的问候外，其他Papio物种的身体接触率、强烈的身体接触率和面部表情的相互使用与其他Papio物种相似。然而，观察到的chacma狒狒的问候被认为是“不完整的”（即，只表现出面部信号，没有呈现或接触）的比例比其他狒狒更大，这突出了一个关键的差异，可能反映了与其他狒狒物种相比，chacma狒狒的雄性容忍水平较低，雄性关系较弱。

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引用次数: 0

Continued Metacarpal Cortical Bone Growth in Mid to Late Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Cortical Bone Acquisition in a Documented Sample of 16- to 20-Year-Olds 青春期中后期掌骨皮质骨的持续生长：一项16- 20岁记录样本中皮质骨获得的纵向研究。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70186

Maris A. Schneider, Rebecca J. Gilmour

Objectives

Metacarpal radiogrammetry is widely used by anthropologists and archaeologists to assess cortical bone loss. However, the dynamics of metacarpal cortical bone acquisition, as it relates to epiphyseal fusion during late adolescence, requires greater clarification. This research uses the Burlington Growth Study, a longitudinal dataset of digitized hand-wrist radiographs from a known age and sex sample, to investigate cortical bone growth in the second (MC2) and third (MC3) metacarpals of adolescents aged 16–20 years old.

Materials and Methods

Medullary widths (MW), total widths (TW), and cortical indices (CI) of fully fused MC2 and MC3 bones were measured on digitized radiographs for 54 individuals (28 females, 26 males). Cortical bone thickness changes at the periosteal and endosteal margins were quantified and compared over the four-year period from ages 16–20.

Results

CI increased in the MC2 and MC3 of both sexes, indicating continued bone apposition after fusion. With the exception of female MC2s, this change is predominantly located at the periosteal surface (marked by an increasing TW). Cortex growth slows around 18 years old, with no significant changes in CI, TW, or MW between the ages of 18 and 20.

Discussion

In the MC2 and MC3, cortical bone continues to grow in thickness in the years immediately following epiphyseal fusion. Skeletal maturity of these elements, as represented by fusion, does not equate to the cessation of cortical apposition. These findings contribute insight into bone development at the adolescent-adult age transition and specifically serve to refine radiogrammetry age-based inclusion or categorization criteria.

目的：掌骨放射测量被人类学家和考古学家广泛用于评估皮质骨丢失。然而，掌骨皮质骨获得的动力学，因为它涉及到青春期晚期的骨骺融合，需要更多的澄清。本研究使用伯灵顿生长研究（Burlington Growth Study），这是一个来自已知年龄和性别样本的数字化手腕x线片的纵向数据集，研究16-20岁青少年第二（MC2）和第三（MC3）掌骨的皮质骨生长情况。材料与方法：采用数字化x线片测量54例（女性28例，男性26例）MC2和MC3完全融合骨的髓质宽度（MW）、总宽度（TW）和皮质指数（CI）。在16-20岁的四年时间里，对骨膜和骨膜边缘的皮质骨厚度变化进行了量化和比较。结果：两性MC2和MC3的CI均增加，表明融合后骨继续附着。除女性MC2s外，这种变化主要位于骨膜表面（以TW增加为标志）。大脑皮层的生长在18岁左右减慢，在18岁到20岁之间CI、TW和MW没有明显的变化。讨论：在MC2和MC3中，皮质骨在骺融合后的几年内继续增厚。这些元素的骨骼成熟，如融合所代表的，并不等同于皮质对立的停止。这些发现有助于深入了解青少年-成人年龄过渡时期的骨骼发育，并特别有助于完善放射测量基于年龄的纳入或分类标准。

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引用次数: 0

Queering Studies of Health and Bodily Experience: An Example From the Transgender Resilience and Health Study 健康和身体体验的酷儿研究：来自跨性别恢复力和健康研究的一个例子。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70183

Dee Jolly, Jae A. Puckett, Cindi SturtzSreetharan, Sawyer E. Armstrong, Debra A. Hope, Richard Mocarski, Robert-Paul Juster, L. Zachary DuBois

Objectives

Biological anthropologists have contributed significantly to our understanding of how lived experiences become embodied, affecting health. However, there has been less emphasis on bodily symptoms as an important aspect of health and well-being impacted by lived experiences. Informed by queer and Black feminist approaches, we investigate the effects of stigma, stress, and support on transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people's bodily symptoms.

Materials and Methods

Using baseline survey data from a longitudinal study of TNB people's health and resilience in the United States collected during fall 2019–spring 2020, we assessed the relationships between past year and lifetime enacted stigma, perceived stress, and bodily symptoms among 158 TNB people living in Michigan, Nebraska, Oregon, and Tennessee. Potential moderating factors were support from family and friends, resilience, gender identity, and racial identity.

Results

Past year and lifetime enacted stigma and perceived stress were positively associated with bodily symptoms, whereas increased resilience and perceived support from family were associated with decreased bodily symptoms. However, chosen family support was not associated with bodily symptoms. The positive effects of resilience on health were independent of the negative effects of enacted stigma on bodily symptoms. Nonbinary people and TNB people of color experienced more severe bodily symptoms.

Discussion

TNB people's lived experiences of the body reflect complex relationships between stigma, stress, resilience, and social supports, and vary by social position. Results emphasize the need to incorporate queer feminist perspectives of the body into biocultural conceptualizations and studies of health and embodiment.

目标：生物人类学家对我们理解生活经历如何具体化并影响健康做出了重大贡献。然而，对身体症状作为受生活经历影响的健康和福祉的一个重要方面的重视程度较低。通过酷儿和黑人女权主义方法，我们研究了污名、压力和支持对跨性别和非二元性别（TNB）人身体症状的影响。材料和方法：利用2019年秋季至2020年春季收集的美国TNB人群健康和恢复力纵向研究的基线调查数据，我们评估了居住在密歇根州、内布拉斯加州、俄勒冈州和田纳西州的158名TNB人群过去一年与终生制定的耻辱、感知压力和身体症状之间的关系。潜在的调节因素包括来自家人和朋友的支持、适应力、性别认同和种族认同。结果：过去一年和一生中产生的耻辱感和感知压力与身体症状呈正相关，而恢复力的增强和家庭支持的感知与身体症状的减轻相关。然而，选择的家庭支持与身体症状无关。恢复力对健康的积极影响独立于制定的耻辱对身体症状的负面影响。非二元人种和TNB人种的身体症状更为严重。讨论：TNB人的身体生活经历反映了耻辱、压力、恢复力和社会支持之间的复杂关系，并因社会地位而异。结果强调需要将酷儿女权主义的身体观点纳入生物文化概念和健康与体现的研究中。

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引用次数: 0

Gibbon Gestures: Hylobatid Facial Signals and Insights Into Language Evolution 长臂猿手势：舌虫面部信号和对语言进化的洞察。

IF 2 2区生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.70185

Brittany N. Florkiewicz, Elliot Kemp, Matthew W. Campbell

Objective

The evolution of human language is a subject of ongoing debate. Some researchers suggest that language developed gradually from earlier forms of communication, akin to the manual gestures of great apes. Great ape manual gestures are produced intentionally and flexibly to achieve specific goals. Recent research on chimpanzees has demonstrated that they also use facial signals as gestures, raising the possibility that such facial gesturing may be present in other species. In our present study, we examined whether hylobatid facial signals also qualify as gestures.

Methods

We studied the facial signaling behavior of 20 captive hylobatids. We observed 484 facial signals spanning six types. We assessed all coded facial signals based on four key gesture properties: communicative, intentional, flexible, and goal-associated, along with their 12 related variables identified in prior research.

Results

Our findings suggest that hylobatid facial signals may be used in a communicative and flexible manner. However, hylobatid facial signals do not meet the essential criteria for intentionality or goal association. We found statistically significant differences were observed in intentional and goal-oriented facial signaling among genera of hylobatids, with members of Hylobates being significantly more likely to exhibit variables associated with these two traits compared to Hoolock.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that some properties of great ape manual gesturing (and language) are present in hylobatid facial signals. However, there are numerous interpretations of our results. We therefore suggest directions for future research on the facial gesturing capabilities of hylobatids and monkeys to clarify the ambiguities our data have raised.

目的：人类语言的进化一直是一个争论不休的话题。一些研究人员认为，语言是从早期的交流形式逐渐发展而来的，类似于类人猿的手势。类人猿的手势是有意而灵活地产生的，以达到特定的目标。最近对黑猩猩的研究表明，它们也使用面部信号作为手势，这提高了其他物种也存在这种面部手势的可能性。在我们目前的研究中，我们研究了舌螅体的面部信号是否也可以作为手势。方法：对20只圈养水螅的面部信号行为进行研究。我们观察了484种面部信号，涵盖6种类型。我们基于四个关键的手势属性评估了所有编码的面部信号：交际性、意向性、灵活性和目标相关性，以及之前研究中确定的12个相关变量。结果：我们的研究结果表明，骨裂体面部信号可能以一种交流和灵活的方式使用。然而，舌泡面部信号不符合意向性或目标关联的基本标准。我们发现，在有意和目标导向的面部信号方面，Hylobates属的成员在统计学上存在显著差异，与Hoolock相比，Hylobates成员更有可能表现出与这两种特征相关的变量。结论：我们的研究表明，类人猿手部手势（和语言）的一些特性存在于舌状体面部信号中。然而，对我们的结果有许多解释。因此，我们提出了未来研究方向，以澄清我们的数据所提出的模糊性。

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