ACS Nanoscience Au最新文献

Avian influenza of the highly pathogenic subtype H5N1 has emerged as a global health concern, becoming endemic in wild birds and increasingly transmitting to poultry, livestock, and humans. This study aimed to develop a robust immunoassay for the rapid detection of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus across various sample matrices, including sera, milk, eggs, and bird samples. The assay targets the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, chosen for its abundance and accessibility on the virus surface. Utilizing gold nanospheres conjugated with α-HA IgG antibodies, the assay generated distinct colorimetric signals for both negative and positive samples. The test initially demonstrated an effective colorimetric response with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 nM in human serum and was further optimized for running in whole milk, exhibiting an LOD of 1.72 nM. The assay exhibited versatility across different serum types and dairy products, although high-viscosity samples like heavy cream presented challenges. Furthermore, the immunoassay successfully detected HA of H5N1 in complex sample matrices such as oral, cloacal, and fecal samples from birds. This rapid and sensitive immunoassay represents a significant advance in HPAI surveillance tools, improving prospects for real-time detection to control outbreaks.

The unique properties of graphene make it an ideal material for electrochemical studies, particularly of the electrochemical double-layer. However, experimental studies generally require depositing graphene on substrates like gold, that may affect the electronic structure of the electrode and thus the ions adsorption properties. This study explores the impact of gold substrates on graphene electrochemical behavior using molecular dynamics. Two systems were compared: graphene on gold (Gr@Au) and standalone graphene (Gr), with ionic liquid ([EMIM][TFSI]) as the electrolyte. The model accounts for the different metallic behavior of graphene and gold under the various applied potentials. Despite a similar electrolyte structure, the interfacial capacitance is affected, which can be attributed to different charge distributions within the electrode. The variations of the van der Waals and Coulomb energies also show some differences in the presence of gold, in particular for low potentials.

Glioblastoma, an aggressive intracranial tumor, presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the effectiveness of conventional treatments. This study aimed to develop and optimize a nanoencapsulated system for intranasal delivery of temozolomide (TMZ) and perillyl alcohol (POH), designed to circumvent BBB limitations, utilizing Eudragit RS100 as the encapsulation matrix. A factorial design approach optimized key parameters, including Eudragit RS100 concentration, POH amount, drip rate, and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio. The nanocapsules were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimized nanocapsules demonstrated a mean diameter of 253 ± 52 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.145 ± 0.037, indicating uniform size distribution. A zeta potential of approximately +20 mV supported colloidal stability. Encapsulation efficiencies were 3.7% for POH and 28.5% for TMZ. This nanoencapsulated delivery system offers a promising approach for glioblastoma treatment, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing treatment-associated toxicity.