African Spider Plant or Cat’s Whisker (Gynandropsis pentaphylla syn to Cleome gynandra Linn. (Family: Capparaceae) is an important leafy vegetable that grows in wild form as a ruderal weed throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world; mainly near human settlements. It is believed to have originated from African and Southeast Asia and might have spread to other parts of the world. It has been used as a medicinal plant in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine as a curative medicine for several ailments such as neuralgia, headache, cough, wounds, anthelmintic, rubefacient, counterirritant, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-HIV and anti-fever etc. Even it has been widely used against snake bite and scorpion stings. Except stem, all other parts (leaves, seed, flowers, and roots) proved to have medicinal properties. In fact, the interest in Phytochemistry has began as early as 1906; so far more than 50 compounds have been isolated from different parts of the plant such as Saponnins, Glycosides, lectins, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, triterpenes, resins, phenolic compounds, Glucosinates and arthoquinones. Nutritionally the leaves are rich in Vitamin C, iron and Ca. The seed has high contents of glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, tyrosine and histidine. Further, the seed also contain higher levels of polyunsaturated oils with high content of oleic and linoleic acids. It has rich anti-oxidants hence it helps in counteracting carcinogenesis. It has antimicrobial and anti-bacterial property with most species showing sensitivity including those that are highly problematic organisms such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Candida Colletotrichum etc. These properties have applications in the fields of Agriculture and human medicines. Biotechnologically it is promising because it is a C4 species that has high growth rate and has the ability to maintain high photosynthetic activity at elevated day temperature. It is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana (a C3 species) and has NAD-ME type of photosynthesis mechanism. Through comparative analysis of genes and proteins, it is possible to understand the C4 photosynthetic pathway in general and gene expression and protein function that have altered the evolution of C3 to C4 pathway in particular. Further, the transfer of genes from G. pentaphylla to A. thaliana cannot be precluded and is theassertively investigating area of research globally. Genetic transformation using GUS for G. pentaphylla has been successful. Technique like RAPD has been used to assess the diversity of the morphotypes. The paper discusses the several of the issues related to its origin, Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and biotechnological interventions
{"title":"The African Spider Plant (Gynandropsis pentaphylla – DC. Syn. Cleome gynandra Linn.) (Capparaceae): Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Properties - A Review","authors":"L. R","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000144","url":null,"abstract":"African Spider Plant or Cat’s Whisker (Gynandropsis pentaphylla syn to Cleome gynandra Linn. (Family: Capparaceae) is an important leafy vegetable that grows in wild form as a ruderal weed throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world; mainly near human settlements. It is believed to have originated from African and Southeast Asia and might have spread to other parts of the world. It has been used as a medicinal plant in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine as a curative medicine for several ailments such as neuralgia, headache, cough, wounds, anthelmintic, rubefacient, counterirritant, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-HIV and anti-fever etc. Even it has been widely used against snake bite and scorpion stings. Except stem, all other parts (leaves, seed, flowers, and roots) proved to have medicinal properties. In fact, the interest in Phytochemistry has began as early as 1906; so far more than 50 compounds have been isolated from different parts of the plant such as Saponnins, Glycosides, lectins, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, triterpenes, resins, phenolic compounds, Glucosinates and arthoquinones. Nutritionally the leaves are rich in Vitamin C, iron and Ca. The seed has high contents of glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, tyrosine and histidine. Further, the seed also contain higher levels of polyunsaturated oils with high content of oleic and linoleic acids. It has rich anti-oxidants hence it helps in counteracting carcinogenesis. It has antimicrobial and anti-bacterial property with most species showing sensitivity including those that are highly problematic organisms such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Candida Colletotrichum etc. These properties have applications in the fields of Agriculture and human medicines. Biotechnologically it is promising because it is a C4 species that has high growth rate and has the ability to maintain high photosynthetic activity at elevated day temperature. It is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana (a C3 species) and has NAD-ME type of photosynthesis mechanism. Through comparative analysis of genes and proteins, it is possible to understand the C4 photosynthetic pathway in general and gene expression and protein function that have altered the evolution of C3 to C4 pathway in particular. Further, the transfer of genes from G. pentaphylla to A. thaliana cannot be precluded and is theassertively investigating area of research globally. Genetic transformation using GUS for G. pentaphylla has been successful. Technique like RAPD has been used to assess the diversity of the morphotypes. The paper discusses the several of the issues related to its origin, Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and biotechnological interventions","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aloe a miracle plant obtained from many species namely aloe vera, aloe barbadensis, aloe perryi, aloe ferox and various other species. Aloe vera the Indian species cultivated in India and other species are cultivated in Africa. Aloe is a cactuslike plant that grows in hot, dry climates. Aloe plant can withstand drought conditions and can grow without rainfall. Aloe produces two substances, gel and latex. Aloe gel is a clear, jelly-like substance found in the inner part of the aloe plant leaf. Aloe latex comes from the plant's skin and is yellow in color. Some aloe products are made from the whole crushed leaf, so they contain both gel and latex. Aloe vera plant has enormous activities in treatment of various skin diseases such as acne, burns, psoriasis, etc. and used in herbal cosmetics. Aloe gel is used in many cosmetic preparations as face wash and herbal creams etc. since the potency, efficacy, safety is more toxicity and side effects are comparatively less. Aloe is used in gum diseases in, dental problems and dental plaque etc. Aloe gel has anti-diabetic activity, used in treatment of glaucoma, and can treat vision problems. It is also used in hepatitis, osteoarthritis, varicose veins, weight loss etc. aloe has tremendous other activities. This review includes various uses, medicinal properties, pharmacological actions, various extracts of these Aloe species are traditionally used and their application used to cure, arthritis, inflammation, immunity, diabetes, hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, laxative, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, wound healing and antitumor effect. Since aloe has been reviewed in many journal and articles, this review is compiled from recent article of aloes. Hence aloe is an invaluable gift of nature and a miracle plant. Aloe is a medicinal plant from the past, present and future and the invaluable activities present in this plant leads us to promising activities for the research and development for finding new entities.
{"title":"Aloe a Gel in a Cell","authors":"Chandrasekar R","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000147","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe a miracle plant obtained from many species namely aloe vera, aloe barbadensis, aloe perryi, aloe ferox and various other species. Aloe vera the Indian species cultivated in India and other species are cultivated in Africa. Aloe is a cactuslike plant that grows in hot, dry climates. Aloe plant can withstand drought conditions and can grow without rainfall. Aloe produces two substances, gel and latex. Aloe gel is a clear, jelly-like substance found in the inner part of the aloe plant leaf. Aloe latex comes from the plant's skin and is yellow in color. Some aloe products are made from the whole crushed leaf, so they contain both gel and latex. Aloe vera plant has enormous activities in treatment of various skin diseases such as acne, burns, psoriasis, etc. and used in herbal cosmetics. Aloe gel is used in many cosmetic preparations as face wash and herbal creams etc. since the potency, efficacy, safety is more toxicity and side effects are comparatively less. Aloe is used in gum diseases in, dental problems and dental plaque etc. Aloe gel has anti-diabetic activity, used in treatment of glaucoma, and can treat vision problems. It is also used in hepatitis, osteoarthritis, varicose veins, weight loss etc. aloe has tremendous other activities. This review includes various uses, medicinal properties, pharmacological actions, various extracts of these Aloe species are traditionally used and their application used to cure, arthritis, inflammation, immunity, diabetes, hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, laxative, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, wound healing and antitumor effect. Since aloe has been reviewed in many journal and articles, this review is compiled from recent article of aloes. Hence aloe is an invaluable gift of nature and a miracle plant. Aloe is a medicinal plant from the past, present and future and the invaluable activities present in this plant leads us to promising activities for the research and development for finding new entities.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale), is a famous plant product consumed as a spice as well as many uses in food industries and traditional medicine. Numerous studies have been conducted on its antibacterial potential, which showed varied results. The objective of the current mini-review is to highlight the antibacterial propereties of ginger rhizome, based on the published data. It was found that, out of 40 published papers on the antibacterial properties of ginger rhizome, 2 reported negative results, while 38 exhibited positive results against all or some of the tested bacteria. Even though, most of the positive results were not a competitor to the tested antibiotics (as positive controls). However, there were wide differences and contradictions between the positive results themselves even against the same bacterial species, indicating that the efficacy of this plant product is greatly affected by many reasons such as the method of extraction, antibacterial assay conditions, genetic variations among bacterial strains and its sources. Also, the source of plant sample is an important factor, since plants affected by geographic variations, environmental conditions and physiological factors which influence its bioactive phytochemical compounds. Accordingly, this mini-review suggests that the antibacterial properties of ginger rhizome have yet to be adequately explored using advanced multidisciplinary approach (in vitro and in vivo).
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Rhizome: A Mini Review","authors":"E. Abdallah","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000142","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale), is a famous plant product consumed as a spice as well as many uses in food industries and traditional medicine. Numerous studies have been conducted on its antibacterial potential, which showed varied results. The objective of the current mini-review is to highlight the antibacterial propereties of ginger rhizome, based on the published data. It was found that, out of 40 published papers on the antibacterial properties of ginger rhizome, 2 reported negative results, while 38 exhibited positive results against all or some of the tested bacteria. Even though, most of the positive results were not a competitor to the tested antibiotics (as positive controls). However, there were wide differences and contradictions between the positive results themselves even against the same bacterial species, indicating that the efficacy of this plant product is greatly affected by many reasons such as the method of extraction, antibacterial assay conditions, genetic variations among bacterial strains and its sources. Also, the source of plant sample is an important factor, since plants affected by geographic variations, environmental conditions and physiological factors which influence its bioactive phytochemical compounds. Accordingly, this mini-review suggests that the antibacterial properties of ginger rhizome have yet to be adequately explored using advanced multidisciplinary approach (in vitro and in vivo).","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134249893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main active component of species of the genus Hedysarum are xanthones, the main of them is C-glycoside-mangiferin, which was found in the aerial part of 17 species of Hedysarum. Mangiferin is contained in plants of the genus Hedysarum can serve as a chemotaxonomic marker of this section, it has antiviral activity against DNA-containing viruses: Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster, Cytomegalovirus, also has immunostimulatory properties (stimulates cellular and humoral immunity). We have prepared the phytochemical investigations of xanthones. The quantitative maintenance of the sum of xanthones in terms of a specific indicator of a mangiferin is established. The technology of a liquid extract by means of 80% of ethanol is developed, technological parameters of raw materials have been determined: content of extractive substances in raw materials (26.59%); finished product removal factor (2.48); feed absorption coefficient (3.00); Internal juice formation rate (3.37); coefficient of volume increase at dissolution of extractive substances (2,013); bulk density (0.21); dry feed filling ratio (3.7); Swollen feed filling ratio (1.3); Displacement factor (1.7). Extract of Hedysarum caucasicum is obtained with ratio of phases 1:2 in a battery of 6 diffusers. It is established that extract of Hedysarum caucasicum shows the antimicrobial activity concerning Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracoides.
{"title":"Pharmacotechnological Investigations of the Hedysarum caucasicum from the Northern Caucasus","authors":"Фатима Казбековна Серебряная","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000221","url":null,"abstract":"The main active component of species of the genus Hedysarum are xanthones, the main of them is C-glycoside-mangiferin, which was found in the aerial part of 17 species of Hedysarum. Mangiferin is contained in plants of the genus Hedysarum can serve as a chemotaxonomic marker of this section, it has antiviral activity against DNA-containing viruses: Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster, Cytomegalovirus, also has immunostimulatory properties (stimulates cellular and humoral immunity). We have prepared the phytochemical investigations of xanthones. The quantitative maintenance of the sum of xanthones in terms of a specific indicator of a mangiferin is established. The technology of a liquid extract by means of 80% of ethanol is developed, technological parameters of raw materials have been determined: content of extractive substances in raw materials (26.59%); finished product removal factor (2.48); feed absorption coefficient (3.00); Internal juice formation rate (3.37); coefficient of volume increase at dissolution of extractive substances (2,013); bulk density (0.21); dry feed filling ratio (3.7); Swollen feed filling ratio (1.3); Displacement factor (1.7). Extract of Hedysarum caucasicum is obtained with ratio of phases 1:2 in a battery of 6 diffusers. It is established that extract of Hedysarum caucasicum shows the antimicrobial activity concerning Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracoides.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133478075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) Fruit Peels on Cerastes cerastes venom. The decline in the mean survival time of the male albino swiss mice were used to deduce the venom property in the presence and absence of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit peels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit Peels significantly decrease the mean survival time compared to the venom alone. From these results it was evident that the toxicity of Cerastes cerastes venomis increased significantly in the presence of Citrus reticulata in a dose dependent manner.
{"title":"Extracts of Citrus Reticulata (Rutaceae) Fruit Peels Accelerate the onset of Toxicity of Cerastes Cerastes venom in Albino Mice","authors":"","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000165","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) Fruit Peels on Cerastes cerastes venom. The decline in the mean survival time of the male albino swiss mice were used to deduce the venom property in the presence and absence of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit peels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) fruit Peels significantly decrease the mean survival time compared to the venom alone. From these results it was evident that the toxicity of Cerastes cerastes venomis increased significantly in the presence of Citrus reticulata in a dose dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124107706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants (MP) are a reservoir of chemical structures and have great economic importance due to their diverse biological activities. These are used by more than 80% of the world population, for this reason these are overexploited because they are a source of main drug (taxol, morphine, vincristine, vinblastine, artemisinin, galegin, etc.), and also have high nutritional, timber, cosmetic, and/or agricultural value. At present, China exports 120,000 tons of MP, India about 32,000 tons while Europe imports 400,000 tons; this overexploitation has caused many of these plants to be in danger of extinction. Also, MP are raw material for the development of phytodrugs such as Ginseng, Hyperikan, EchinaceA, Kava-kava, Vitango, Plantival, Prostasan among others, whose therapeutic efficacy and safety has been scientifically assayed. Brickellia paniculata is widely used in Mexico in traditional medicine, and has been poorly investigated from the chemical and biological point of view; so in this paper we describe the biological and chemical reports for this medicinal plant.
{"title":"Brickellia paniculata (Mill.) B.L. Rob: A Review of Medicinal Uses and Chemo-Biological Potential","authors":"M. A. Jiménez-Arellanes","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000199","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants (MP) are a reservoir of chemical structures and have great economic importance due to their diverse biological activities. These are used by more than 80% of the world population, for this reason these are overexploited because they are a source of main drug (taxol, morphine, vincristine, vinblastine, artemisinin, galegin, etc.), and also have high nutritional, timber, cosmetic, and/or agricultural value. At present, China exports 120,000 tons of MP, India about 32,000 tons while Europe imports 400,000 tons; this overexploitation has caused many of these plants to be in danger of extinction. Also, MP are raw material for the development of phytodrugs such as Ginseng, Hyperikan, EchinaceA, Kava-kava, Vitango, Plantival, Prostasan among others, whose therapeutic efficacy and safety has been scientifically assayed. Brickellia paniculata is widely used in Mexico in traditional medicine, and has been poorly investigated from the chemical and biological point of view; so in this paper we describe the biological and chemical reports for this medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129701288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous extracts of Chirayita (Swertia chirayita Linn.) whole herb, Banafshah (Viola odorata Linn.) leaves and flowers and Mameeran (Coptis teeta Roxb.) rhizome were tested for their anti-mutagenic potential by Ames Salmonella Histidine point mutation assay of Maron, et al. with partial modifications as described by Kaur, et al. At a dose of 50 μg/plate, crude drug extracts exhibited the inhibition of His+ revert ants from 36.59% to 96% against direct acting mutagen sodium azide (NaN3) which induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA97a, TA98 and TA100. However, at concentrations (5 and 25 µg/ plate) of the plant extracts, a significant decrease in anti-mutagenic activity was recorded. In the present findings, herbal drug extracts at tested concentrations showed no sign of mutagenicity to the tester strains. Potent anti-mutagenic activity of Banafshah was observed followed by Chirayita and Mameeran. Linear regression analysis of the data shows dose dependent anti-mutagenic activity of the extracts. Qualitative analysis reveals the presence of active phytochemical as amarogentin, mangiferin (Chirayita), Cyclotides (Banafshah), Berberine (Mameeran) along with other phyto-constituents flavonoids, phenols in the tested extracts which are responsible for their anti-mutagenic activity.
{"title":"Antimutagenic Effect of Medicinal Plants from Alternative Medicine","authors":"S. Rehman","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000216","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous extracts of Chirayita (Swertia chirayita Linn.) whole herb, Banafshah (Viola odorata Linn.) leaves and flowers and Mameeran (Coptis teeta Roxb.) rhizome were tested for their anti-mutagenic potential by Ames Salmonella Histidine point mutation assay of Maron, et al. with partial modifications as described by Kaur, et al. At a dose of 50 μg/plate, crude drug extracts exhibited the inhibition of His+ revert ants from 36.59% to 96% against direct acting mutagen sodium azide (NaN3) which induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA97a, TA98 and TA100. However, at concentrations (5 and 25 µg/ plate) of the plant extracts, a significant decrease in anti-mutagenic activity was recorded. In the present findings, herbal drug extracts at tested concentrations showed no sign of mutagenicity to the tester strains. Potent anti-mutagenic activity of Banafshah was observed followed by Chirayita and Mameeran. Linear regression analysis of the data shows dose dependent anti-mutagenic activity of the extracts. Qualitative analysis reveals the presence of active phytochemical as amarogentin, mangiferin (Chirayita), Cyclotides (Banafshah), Berberine (Mameeran) along with other phyto-constituents flavonoids, phenols in the tested extracts which are responsible for their anti-mutagenic activity.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyclohexane 1,2,3,4,5 6-hexol and (2Z, 6e) 3,7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6 10-trien-1-ol, isolated from Launaea Pinnatifida Cass were evaluated for their neuro pharmacological properties in mice in terms of analgesic and sedative effects. The compounds exhibited potent analgesic effect at the dose of 10 mg/kg in Eddy’s hot plate test similar to pentazocin, the standard drug. Significant sedative effect was exhibited by the test samples in mice, subjected to both the loco motor activity and marble burying activity compared with the standard drugs chlorpromazine and diazepam respectively at the dose of 10mg/kg. This study confirms at least partly the ancient use of Launaea Pinnatifida Cass as a medicine that cures neuro pharmacological disorders.
{"title":"Neuro Pharmacological Effect of Cyclohexane 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Hexol and (2Z, 6E) 3, 7, 11-Trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-Trien-1-Ol , Isolated from Launaea Pinnatifida Cass in Mice","authors":"P. Swamy","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000229","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclohexane 1,2,3,4,5 6-hexol and (2Z, 6e) 3,7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6 10-trien-1-ol, isolated from Launaea Pinnatifida Cass were evaluated for their neuro pharmacological properties in mice in terms of analgesic and sedative effects. The compounds exhibited potent analgesic effect at the dose of 10 mg/kg in Eddy’s hot plate test similar to pentazocin, the standard drug. Significant sedative effect was exhibited by the test samples in mice, subjected to both the loco motor activity and marble burying activity compared with the standard drugs chlorpromazine and diazepam respectively at the dose of 10mg/kg. This study confirms at least partly the ancient use of Launaea Pinnatifida Cass as a medicine that cures neuro pharmacological disorders.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116132207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have confirmed that heritable phenotypic variation in plants does not necessarily need to be based on the DNA sequence. Epigenetic studies have shown that the genomic DNA sequence might remain the same while gene expression changed by environmental conditions. This results in different morphologies and divers’ chemical products from same species of a plant. Thus, in this paper we highlight that the herbal medicine industry should always be considering the habitat of a plant and its growing conditions as it does affect the pharmacological potency of the metabolites produced. The various aspects studied in this paper show that there is a need of optimizing the production sites of herbal medicinal plants because ecological factors influence epigenetic gene expression changes. This eventually affects the quality, quantity and efficacy of the secondary metabolites or drugs synthesized by the plants. Traditional herbalists have learnt this phenomenon by experience. Therefore, the value and exploitation of herbal medicine for modern human maladies shall greatly benefit by understanding the ecological influence of epigenetic mechanisms on medicinal potency.
{"title":"Decoding Epigenetic Mechanisms as Vital Tools for Maintaining Pharmacological Potency of Herbal Medicines","authors":"J. Kimatu","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000184","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have confirmed that heritable phenotypic variation in plants does not necessarily need to be based on the DNA sequence. Epigenetic studies have shown that the genomic DNA sequence might remain the same while gene expression changed by environmental conditions. This results in different morphologies and divers’ chemical products from same species of a plant. Thus, in this paper we highlight that the herbal medicine industry should always be considering the habitat of a plant and its growing conditions as it does affect the pharmacological potency of the metabolites produced. The various aspects studied in this paper show that there is a need of optimizing the production sites of herbal medicinal plants because ecological factors influence epigenetic gene expression changes. This eventually affects the quality, quantity and efficacy of the secondary metabolites or drugs synthesized by the plants. Traditional herbalists have learnt this phenomenon by experience. Therefore, the value and exploitation of herbal medicine for modern human maladies shall greatly benefit by understanding the ecological influence of epigenetic mechanisms on medicinal potency.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121814080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, globally. In India, it has been ranked number one with regard to cancer incidence in both men and women. Phytotherapy has been extensively considered against cancer, and Annona muricata is one such plant species that has gained scientific interest for decades. The acetogenins, a class of phytocompounds exclusively to the Annonaceae family of plant kingdom, are known contributors towards this biomedical significance of the A. muricata. In this review, we have identified those A. muricata acetogenins that exhibit anti-breast cancer activity.
{"title":"Annona Muricata (Linn.) Acetogenins as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents","authors":"Devananda D","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000202","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, globally. In India, it has been ranked number one with regard to cancer incidence in both men and women. Phytotherapy has been extensively considered against cancer, and Annona muricata is one such plant species that has gained scientific interest for decades. The acetogenins, a class of phytocompounds exclusively to the Annonaceae family of plant kingdom, are known contributors towards this biomedical significance of the A. muricata. In this review, we have identified those A. muricata acetogenins that exhibit anti-breast cancer activity.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121835770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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