The traditional scheduling approach, which primarily considers energy oligarchs like large-scale loads and large-scale generators, is challenged by the rapid rise of distributed energy resources (DERs) in energy internet of things (EIoT). Metaverse is emerging as one of the most promising technologies considering emergence from DERs in EIoT. Our work, from a macro perspective in the virtual space, provides a metaverse framework to harness the swarm intelligence that emerges from the aggregation behavior of massive diverse DERs in EIoT. The presented framework is built upon virtual twins, data science, systems theory, and 4th-Paradigm (data-intensive scientific discovery paradigm), enabling a novel energy scheduling mode. Our goal is to achieve data empowerment and intelligence improvement through data connectivity, virtual and real interaction, which will ultimately result in a new theory on complex system scheduling.
{"title":"Metaverse Framework Designing for Energy Scheduling in Energy Internet of Things Considering Emergence","authors":"Yechen Han, Xing He, Haihong Zhang, Yuanjun Zuo, Wenjing Zhang, Qian Ai, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17873.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17873.1","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional scheduling approach, which primarily considers energy oligarchs like large-scale loads and large-scale generators, is challenged by the rapid rise of distributed energy resources (DERs) in energy internet of things (EIoT). Metaverse is emerging as one of the most promising technologies considering emergence from DERs in EIoT. Our work, from a macro perspective in the virtual space, provides a metaverse framework to harness the swarm intelligence that emerges from the aggregation behavior of massive diverse DERs in EIoT. The presented framework is built upon virtual twins, data science, systems theory, and 4th-Paradigm (data-intensive scientific discovery paradigm), enabling a novel energy scheduling mode. Our goal is to achieve data empowerment and intelligence improvement through data connectivity, virtual and real interaction, which will ultimately result in a new theory on complex system scheduling.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46066394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17824.1
Zhansheng Liu, Lejia Wu, Zisheng Liu, Yanchi Mo
Background: The quality of construction is crucial in evaluating steel structure. However, traditional quality control methods for steel structure construction have been criticized for their lack of intelligence, resulting in a heavier reliance on manual experience and post-construction inspections to address quality issues. This shortcoming makes quality management inefficient and labor-intensive. To address this issue, this paper proposes a smart quality control method based on digital twin technology. Methods: In this framework, data collection is used for subsequent quality control throughout the construction process. To improve pre-construction quality control, a mixed reality (MR) system is used to guide and train personnel. During the steel structure construction process, the Markov method is used to analyze and predict real-time data. Results: To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, ten sets of parallel tests were conducted to predict whether the bolt torque value was normal or not, resulting in an 80% accuracy rate. Conclusions: The proposed method for steel structure construction quality control was effectively certified, achieving active prevention and real-time control of quality problems and improving the overall intelligence level of quality control.
{"title":"Quality control method of steel structure construction based on digital twin technology","authors":"Zhansheng Liu, Lejia Wu, Zisheng Liu, Yanchi Mo","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17824.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17824.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality of construction is crucial in evaluating steel structure. However, traditional quality control methods for steel structure construction have been criticized for their lack of intelligence, resulting in a heavier reliance on manual experience and post-construction inspections to address quality issues. This shortcoming makes quality management inefficient and labor-intensive. To address this issue, this paper proposes a smart quality control method based on digital twin technology. Methods: In this framework, data collection is used for subsequent quality control throughout the construction process. To improve pre-construction quality control, a mixed reality (MR) system is used to guide and train personnel. During the steel structure construction process, the Markov method is used to analyze and predict real-time data. Results: To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, ten sets of parallel tests were conducted to predict whether the bolt torque value was normal or not, resulting in an 80% accuracy rate. Conclusions: The proposed method for steel structure construction quality control was effectively certified, achieving active prevention and real-time control of quality problems and improving the overall intelligence level of quality control.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46933740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17819.1
Suiyan Shang, G. Jiang, Zheng Sun, Wenwen Tian, Dawei Zhang, Jun Xu, C. Cheung
Background: The quality of machined parts is considered as a relevant factor to evaluate the production performance of machine tools. For mapping the production performance into a digital twin machine tool, a virtual metrology model for surface roughness prediction, which affects products' mechanical capacity and aesthetic performance, is proposed in this paper. Methods: The proposed model applies a three-layer backpropagation neural network by using real-time vibration, force, and current sensor data collected during the end milling machining process. A grid search plan is used to settle down the number of neurons in the middle layer of the backpropagation neural network. Results: The experimental results indicate that the model with multiple signals as input performs better than it with a single signal. In detail, when the model input is the combination of force, vibration, and current sensor data, the prediction accuracy reaches the optimum with the mean absolute percentage error of 1.01%. Conclusions: Compared with the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network method with automatic feature extraction ability and other commonly used traditional machine learning methods, the proposed data preprocessing procedure integrated with a three-layer backpropagation neural network has a minimum prediction error.
{"title":"Roughness prediction of end milling surface for behavior mapping of digital twined machine tools","authors":"Suiyan Shang, G. Jiang, Zheng Sun, Wenwen Tian, Dawei Zhang, Jun Xu, C. Cheung","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17819.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17819.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality of machined parts is considered as a relevant factor to evaluate the production performance of machine tools. For mapping the production performance into a digital twin machine tool, a virtual metrology model for surface roughness prediction, which affects products' mechanical capacity and aesthetic performance, is proposed in this paper. Methods: The proposed model applies a three-layer backpropagation neural network by using real-time vibration, force, and current sensor data collected during the end milling machining process. A grid search plan is used to settle down the number of neurons in the middle layer of the backpropagation neural network. Results: The experimental results indicate that the model with multiple signals as input performs better than it with a single signal. In detail, when the model input is the combination of force, vibration, and current sensor data, the prediction accuracy reaches the optimum with the mean absolute percentage error of 1.01%. Conclusions: Compared with the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network method with automatic feature extraction ability and other commonly used traditional machine learning methods, the proposed data preprocessing procedure integrated with a three-layer backpropagation neural network has a minimum prediction error.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41968791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17807.1
G. Pronost, Frédérique Mayer, M. Camargo, L. Dupont
Background: The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass customization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle. The application of the digital twin (DT) seems to be a favoured solution in this context, but its study during the lifecycle of a product has only been partially evoked in the literature. Methods: The purpose of this state-of-the-art article is to identify current trends of applications of the digital twin concept in the literature under two main dimensions: its nature regarding the interaction structure between digital and physical objects (defined as: Pre-Digital Twin, digital model, digital shadow, and digital twin), but also its applications, along the product lifecycle (Design, Production, Operation, Disposal). To achieve this analysis a systematic literature review was carried out. The publications selection was based on the presence in this of a case of application of a digital twin with a focus in the Manufacturing sector. Within this review, 188 scientific papers were compiled and analyzed. Results: Results showed that although the term digital twin is widely used, the deployment of DT technologies in manufacturing is still at an early stage as most of the digital twin applications were in fact prototypes focused on the real-time observability of the physical system, either for optimization or predictive maintenance. Moreover, regarding the product lifecycle, most of the applications have been focused on the production and operational phases whereas those at the design and disposal phases are still limited. Conclusions: This paper presents an original approach to the study of digital twins, not focusing on a single application area or lifecycle phase but which aims to establish future perspectives on the use of digital twins along the lifecycle.
{"title":"Digital Twins along the product lifecycle: A systematic literature review of applications in manufacturing","authors":"G. Pronost, Frédérique Mayer, M. Camargo, L. Dupont","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17807.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17807.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass customization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle. The application of the digital twin (DT) seems to be a favoured solution in this context, but its study during the lifecycle of a product has only been partially evoked in the literature. Methods: The purpose of this state-of-the-art article is to identify current trends of applications of the digital twin concept in the literature under two main dimensions: its nature regarding the interaction structure between digital and physical objects (defined as: Pre-Digital Twin, digital model, digital shadow, and digital twin), but also its applications, along the product lifecycle (Design, Production, Operation, Disposal). To achieve this analysis a systematic literature review was carried out. The publications selection was based on the presence in this of a case of application of a digital twin with a focus in the Manufacturing sector. Within this review, 188 scientific papers were compiled and analyzed. Results: Results showed that although the term digital twin is widely used, the deployment of DT technologies in manufacturing is still at an early stage as most of the digital twin applications were in fact prototypes focused on the real-time observability of the physical system, either for optimization or predictive maintenance. Moreover, regarding the product lifecycle, most of the applications have been focused on the production and operational phases whereas those at the design and disposal phases are still limited. Conclusions: This paper presents an original approach to the study of digital twins, not focusing on a single application area or lifecycle phase but which aims to establish future perspectives on the use of digital twins along the lifecycle.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41848596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17632.2
Zhiwei Shen, Felipe Arraño-Vargas, Georgios Konstantinou
Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises solutions to the challenges raised by the digitalization of power grids and their assets. Decision-making, forecasting and even operational optimization of grids and assets are just some of the solutions that AI algorithms can provide to operators, utilities and vendors. Nevertheless, barriers such as access to quality datasets, interpretability, repeatability, and availability of computational resources currently limit the extent of practical AI implementations. At the same time, Digital Twins (DTs) are foreseen as platforms that can overcome these barriers, and also provide a new environment for the development of enhanced and more intelligent applications. In this manuscript, we review the published literature to determine the existing capabilities and implementation challenges of AI algorithms in power systems, and classify AI-based applications based on their time scale to reveal their temporal sensitivity. Furthermore, DT-based technologies are discussed, identifying the potentials to tackle current limitations of real-world AI applications as well as exploring the synergies between DTs and AI. By combining AI and DT, we outline multiple prospective use cases for AI-enhanced power grid and power asset DTs. Our review also identifies that the combination of AI-based solutions and DTs leverages new applications with the potential to fundamentally change multiple aspects of the power industry.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and digital twins in power systems: Trends, synergies and opportunities","authors":"Zhiwei Shen, Felipe Arraño-Vargas, Georgios Konstantinou","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17632.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17632.2","url":null,"abstract":"<ns4:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises solutions to the challenges raised by the digitalization of power grids and their assets. Decision-making, forecasting and even operational optimization of grids and assets are just some of the solutions that AI algorithms can provide to operators, utilities and vendors. Nevertheless, barriers such as access to quality datasets, interpretability, repeatability, and availability of computational resources currently limit the extent of practical AI implementations. At the same time, Digital Twins (DTs) are foreseen as platforms that can overcome these barriers, and also provide a new environment for the development of enhanced and more intelligent applications. In this manuscript, we review the published literature to determine the existing capabilities and implementation challenges of AI algorithms in power systems, and classify AI-based applications based on their time scale to reveal their temporal sensitivity. Furthermore, DT-based technologies are discussed, identifying the potentials to tackle current limitations of real-world AI applications as well as exploring the synergies between DTs and AI. By combining AI and DT, we outline multiple prospective use cases for AI-enhanced power grid and power asset DTs. Our review also identifies that the combination of AI-based solutions and DTs leverages new applications with the potential to fundamentally change multiple aspects of the power industry.</ns4:p>","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135905354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17563.3
Zhongcheng Lei, Hong Zhou, Wenshan Hu, Guo-Ping Liu
Background: Online laboratories that provide online experimentation are crucial for education and research in all fields of engineering. As a transformative technology, the digital twin can be potentially applied into online laboratories to enable physical-digital twin interactions and enhance user experience.Methods: In this article, web-based digital twin online laboratories are discussed, the methodologies and implementation of which are presented in detail. The digital twin architecture, three-dimensional twin model, web-based digital twin control algorithm design, and real-time physical-twin control are explored to provide a full picture for the design and implementation of digital twin online laboratory systems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, a use case with the Networked Control System Laboratory (a previously developed control and automation laboratory) is provided, which details the design and implementation.Results: A four-tier web architecture has been implemented. With the provided web interface, control algorithms can be designed and employed for real-time digital twin experimentation. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical-digital twin fan speed control system can achieve good control and tracking performance with human-in-the-loop interactions.Conclusions: This article presents the methodologies and implementation of digital twin web-based online laboratories. The use case verified the proposed web architecture, digital twin implementation, control architecture, and human-in-the-loop interactions for a digital twin experimentation system, which can potentially be used for the design and implementation of other digital-twin applications in different fields.
{"title":"Web-based digital twin online laboratories: Methodologies and implementation","authors":"Zhongcheng Lei, Hong Zhou, Wenshan Hu, Guo-Ping Liu","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17563.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17563.3","url":null,"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> Online laboratories that provide online experimentation are crucial for education and research in all fields of engineering. As a transformative technology, the digital twin can be potentially applied into online laboratories to enable physical-digital twin interactions and enhance user experience.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold> In this article, web-based digital twin online laboratories are discussed, the methodologies and implementation of which are presented in detail. The digital twin architecture, three-dimensional twin model, web-based digital twin control algorithm design, and real-time physical-twin control are explored to provide a full picture for the design and implementation of digital twin online laboratory systems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies, a use case with the Networked Control System Laboratory (a previously developed control and automation laboratory) is provided, which details the design and implementation.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results: </ns4:bold>A four-tier web architecture has been implemented. With the provided web interface, control algorithms can be designed and employed for real-time digital twin experimentation. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical-digital twin fan speed control system can achieve good control and tracking performance with human-in-the-loop interactions.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions:</ns4:bold> This article presents the methodologies and implementation of digital twin web-based online laboratories. The use case verified the proposed web architecture, digital twin implementation, control architecture, and human-in-the-loop interactions for a digital twin experimentation system, which can potentially be used for the design and implementation of other digital-twin applications in different fields.</ns4:p>","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135797963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17718.1
X. Hua, Li Wang, Shanshui Yang, Shaojie Zhang
Background: During cable operation, its internal temperature reflects the actual working condition of the cable. Once overload occurs, its conductor temperature will rise rapidly. Under high temperature conditions, the insulation material is very prone to breakdown accidents, which seriously threatens the safety of the power system. Methods: To reflect the actual operating condition of cables with high fidelity, a cable temperature mapping model is proposed with the coupling of electromagnetic and thermal field taken into consideration. Firstly, a finite element model is formulated based on the cable structure and material parameters. Secondly, the coupling between electromagnetic and thermal field is analyzed, and multiple coupling calculations are performed iteratively according to the operating conditions. Finally, the mapping between temperature and current flowing through the cable is established to accurately reflect the variation of cable’s internal temperature under different operating conditions. The cable surface temperatures under five operating conditions are measured online and compared with the calculated results of the temperature mapping model. Results: The absolute error between the calculated value of the model and the actual measured value is 0.88°C and the relative error is 1.46%. Conclusions: The temperature mapping model developed in this paper can accurately calculate the internal temperature of the cable and forms an important part of the digital twin model of the cable.
{"title":"Temperature mapping model of cables considering the coupling of electromagnetic and thermal field","authors":"X. Hua, Li Wang, Shanshui Yang, Shaojie Zhang","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17718.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17718.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During cable operation, its internal temperature reflects the actual working condition of the cable. Once overload occurs, its conductor temperature will rise rapidly. Under high temperature conditions, the insulation material is very prone to breakdown accidents, which seriously threatens the safety of the power system. Methods: To reflect the actual operating condition of cables with high fidelity, a cable temperature mapping model is proposed with the coupling of electromagnetic and thermal field taken into consideration. Firstly, a finite element model is formulated based on the cable structure and material parameters. Secondly, the coupling between electromagnetic and thermal field is analyzed, and multiple coupling calculations are performed iteratively according to the operating conditions. Finally, the mapping between temperature and current flowing through the cable is established to accurately reflect the variation of cable’s internal temperature under different operating conditions. The cable surface temperatures under five operating conditions are measured online and compared with the calculated results of the temperature mapping model. Results: The absolute error between the calculated value of the model and the actual measured value is 0.88°C and the relative error is 1.46%. Conclusions: The temperature mapping model developed in this paper can accurately calculate the internal temperature of the cable and forms an important part of the digital twin model of the cable.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17599.2
Hyman Duan, Su Gao, Xu Yang, Yuanlin Li
Background: Digital twins are gaining ever-increasing attention from academies and industries to standardization bodies worldwide owing to their great capabilities and fundamental values in the coming fourth industrial revolution. However, there is no consistent set of definitions or concept system of the digital twin domain yet. Especially, the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” is leading to ambiguities and an obstacle to standardization. Methods: This paper summarizes the principles and guidelines of developing a concept system mentioned in two international standards, enriches them to a methodology of developing a concept system with (1) system thinking viewpoints and systems engineering methods, (2) procedures for analyzing the semantic relationships among candidate superordinate concepts, and (3) a three-dimensional taxonomy framework with procedures of developing a taxonomy, and proposed a maturity level model for terminology work which offers a high-level vision of digital twin terminology work. Results: This paper analyzes the polysemy phenomenon of the term "digital twin” and identifies the necessity to differentiate digital twin entity and digital twin system from the general term “digital twin”. After analyzing twenty-one definitions of digital twin and summarizing ten superordinate concepts from them, this paper proposes that a digital twin entity is a kind of digital asset rather than digital representation. Based on the new superordinate concept and definition of digital twin entity, a systematic digital twin concept system is developed with one hundred concepts and fifty definitions. Conclusions: This work resolves the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” and demonstrates the effectiveness of the enhanced methodology of developing a concept system. The proposed digital twin concept system could be a benchmark for future digital twin terminology work and useful input to the development of digital twin system reference architecture standard and lays a solid foundation for future concept systems development of other domains.
{"title":"The development of a digital twin concept system","authors":"Hyman Duan, Su Gao, Xu Yang, Yuanlin Li","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17599.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17599.2","url":null,"abstract":"<ns4:p>Background: Digital twins are gaining ever-increasing attention from academies and industries to standardization bodies worldwide owing to their great capabilities and fundamental values in the coming fourth industrial revolution. However, there is no consistent set of definitions or concept system of the digital twin domain yet. Especially, the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” is leading to ambiguities and an obstacle to standardization.</ns4:p><ns4:p> Methods: This paper summarizes the principles and guidelines of developing a concept system mentioned in two international standards, enriches them to a methodology of developing a concept system with (1) system thinking viewpoints and systems engineering methods, (2) procedures for analyzing the semantic relationships among candidate superordinate concepts, and (3) a three-dimensional taxonomy framework with procedures of developing a taxonomy, and proposed a maturity level model for terminology work which offers a high-level vision of digital twin terminology work.</ns4:p><ns4:p> Results: This paper analyzes the polysemy phenomenon of the term \"digital twin” and identifies the necessity to differentiate digital twin entity and digital twin system from the general term “digital twin”. After analyzing twenty-one definitions of digital twin and summarizing ten superordinate concepts from them, this paper proposes that a digital twin entity is a kind of digital asset rather than digital representation. Based on the new superordinate concept and definition of digital twin entity, a systematic digital twin concept system is developed with one hundred concepts and fifty definitions.</ns4:p><ns4:p> Conclusions: This work resolves the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” and demonstrates the effectiveness of the enhanced methodology of developing a concept system. The proposed digital twin concept system could be a benchmark for future digital twin terminology work and useful input to the development of digital twin system reference architecture standard and lays a solid foundation for future concept systems development of other domains.</ns4:p>","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135156859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17732.1
Wenlan Wei, Hao Qu, Jiarui Cheng, Wenyuan Wang, Maliang Wang
Background: Coiled tubing operation is a high-quality operation method that considers both cost and efficiency in current oil and gas well operations. There is a significant difference between the calculation and prediction before operation and the actual operation. The reason is that the complex wellbore trajectory makes it difficult to evaluate the contact state between coiled tubing and wellbore, resulting in a significant error in the pipe string mechanics calculation and analysis. Methods: Aiming at the contact problem between coiled tubing and wellbore in the process of coiled tubing operation, the digital twin unit of coiled tubing and wellbore is established in this study. By constructing a feedback correction collision contact algorithm, the contact state of coiled tubing and casing under different three-dimensional trajectory models was simulated. Results: The research results show that the digital twin coiled tubing and contact algorithm can effectively predict the contact state of coiled tubing operations; the verification model shows that the contact algorithm can accurately analyze the contact state of different well trajectories. Conclusions: The digital twin of the coiled tubing operation structure and its contact algorithm can effectively solve the problem of deterministic friction state in the process of mechanical calculation of the tubing string, which has important guiding significance and engineering value for the mechanical calculation and operation safety analysis of coiled tubing operation.
{"title":"Digital twin and contact analysis of ultra-long distance coiled tubing operation structures","authors":"Wenlan Wei, Hao Qu, Jiarui Cheng, Wenyuan Wang, Maliang Wang","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17732.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17732.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coiled tubing operation is a high-quality operation method that considers both cost and efficiency in current oil and gas well operations. There is a significant difference between the calculation and prediction before operation and the actual operation. The reason is that the complex wellbore trajectory makes it difficult to evaluate the contact state between coiled tubing and wellbore, resulting in a significant error in the pipe string mechanics calculation and analysis. Methods: Aiming at the contact problem between coiled tubing and wellbore in the process of coiled tubing operation, the digital twin unit of coiled tubing and wellbore is established in this study. By constructing a feedback correction collision contact algorithm, the contact state of coiled tubing and casing under different three-dimensional trajectory models was simulated. Results: The research results show that the digital twin coiled tubing and contact algorithm can effectively predict the contact state of coiled tubing operations; the verification model shows that the contact algorithm can accurately analyze the contact state of different well trajectories. Conclusions: The digital twin of the coiled tubing operation structure and its contact algorithm can effectively solve the problem of deterministic friction state in the process of mechanical calculation of the tubing string, which has important guiding significance and engineering value for the mechanical calculation and operation safety analysis of coiled tubing operation.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.12688/digitaltwin.17774.1
Yaqiang Wang, Qunfang Wu, Qin Wang, Lan Xiao, Junlin Zhu, Boyuan Xu, Zhifeng Sun
In order to provide convenience in the design work as the manufacturer-supplied models of silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are generally only applicable to specific software, an analytical switching model of SiC MOSFET considering the junction temperature characteristics based on MATLAB is proposed in this article. The junction temperature characteristics of the parameters required for the switching process, including threshold voltage, on-resistance and transfer characteristics of SiC MOSFET, threshold voltage and output characteristics of body diode, which are extracted from the datasheet of the SiC MOSFET provided by the manufacturer. Then a model for the transient process of the test circuit, including the non-linear capacitance, the parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance from package and the printed circuit board is created. After that, each sub-stage of the switching process is analyzed in detail, then the analytical model is solved numerically using MATLAB. Finally, the SiC MOSFET C3M0075120K manufactured by Wolfspeed is selected as the case study to verify the built model, and the accuracy is validated by comparing with the LTspice simulation and experiment results. As a result, the proposed model can be applied, especially in designs involving junction temperatures.
{"title":"An analytical switching model of SiC MOSFET considering the junction temperature characteristics","authors":"Yaqiang Wang, Qunfang Wu, Qin Wang, Lan Xiao, Junlin Zhu, Boyuan Xu, Zhifeng Sun","doi":"10.12688/digitaltwin.17774.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/digitaltwin.17774.1","url":null,"abstract":"In order to provide convenience in the design work as the manufacturer-supplied models of silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are generally only applicable to specific software, an analytical switching model of SiC MOSFET considering the junction temperature characteristics based on MATLAB is proposed in this article. The junction temperature characteristics of the parameters required for the switching process, including threshold voltage, on-resistance and transfer characteristics of SiC MOSFET, threshold voltage and output characteristics of body diode, which are extracted from the datasheet of the SiC MOSFET provided by the manufacturer. Then a model for the transient process of the test circuit, including the non-linear capacitance, the parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance from package and the printed circuit board is created. After that, each sub-stage of the switching process is analyzed in detail, then the analytical model is solved numerically using MATLAB. Finally, the SiC MOSFET C3M0075120K manufactured by Wolfspeed is selected as the case study to verify the built model, and the accuracy is validated by comparing with the LTspice simulation and experiment results. As a result, the proposed model can be applied, especially in designs involving junction temperatures.","PeriodicalId":29831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Twin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42759664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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