Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408149
A. Jousselme, P. Maupin
This paper details and deepens a previous work where the Interpreted Systems semantics was proposed as a general framework for situation analysis (SA). This framework is particularly efficient for representing and reasoning about knowledge and uncertainty when performing situation analysis tasks. Our approach of SA is to base our analysis on the production of state transition systems consisting in the set of all temporal trajectories possibly obtained upon the execution of a given set of agents' protocols. Thus seen, the SA task involves the definition of more or less subtle reasoning about graph structures. A formal situation analysis model is defined as an interpreted algorithmic belief change system. In such a model, the notions of situation, situation awareness and situation analysis are provided. The analysis of the situation is done through the verification of implicit notions of knowledge with temporal properties. Implicit knowledge is distinguished from explicit knowledge and situation awareness is defined in terms of the computing power of resource-bounded agents. A general plausibility measure allows us to model belief while making the link with quantitative representations of uncertainty such as probabilities, belief functions and possibilities. The propsed modelisation of the Situation Analysis process, while compatible with the traditionnal implicit representation of knowledge found in modal logic, allows us to link the decision processes of the agents, their awareness of the situation with the observations they make about the environment.
{"title":"Interpreted systems for situation analysis","authors":"A. Jousselme, P. Maupin","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details and deepens a previous work where the Interpreted Systems semantics was proposed as a general framework for situation analysis (SA). This framework is particularly efficient for representing and reasoning about knowledge and uncertainty when performing situation analysis tasks. Our approach of SA is to base our analysis on the production of state transition systems consisting in the set of all temporal trajectories possibly obtained upon the execution of a given set of agents' protocols. Thus seen, the SA task involves the definition of more or less subtle reasoning about graph structures. A formal situation analysis model is defined as an interpreted algorithmic belief change system. In such a model, the notions of situation, situation awareness and situation analysis are provided. The analysis of the situation is done through the verification of implicit notions of knowledge with temporal properties. Implicit knowledge is distinguished from explicit knowledge and situation awareness is defined in terms of the computing power of resource-bounded agents. A general plausibility measure allows us to model belief while making the link with quantitative representations of uncertainty such as probabilities, belief functions and possibilities. The propsed modelisation of the Situation Analysis process, while compatible with the traditionnal implicit representation of knowledge found in modal logic, allows us to link the decision processes of the agents, their awareness of the situation with the observations they make about the environment.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408091
Maen Takruri, S. Challa
The focus of wireless sensor networks is to develop low cost sensors with sufficient computing and communication capabilities to support networked sensing applications. The emphasis on lower cost led to sensors that are less accurate and less reliable than their wired sensor counterparts. Sensors usually suffer from both random and systematic (bias) problems. Even when the sensors are properly calibrated at the time of their deployment, they develop drift in their readings leading to biased sensor measurements. The drift in this context is defined as a unidirectional long-term change in the sensor measurement. Assuming that neighboring sensors have correlated measurements and noting that the instantiation of drift in a sensor is uncorrelated with other sensors and inspired by the resemblance of registration problem in radar target tracking with the bias error problem in sensor networks we devise a novel algorithm for detecting and correcting sensors drifts and show how it improves the reliability and the effective life of the network.
{"title":"Drift aware wireless sensor networks","authors":"Maen Takruri, S. Challa","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408091","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of wireless sensor networks is to develop low cost sensors with sufficient computing and communication capabilities to support networked sensing applications. The emphasis on lower cost led to sensors that are less accurate and less reliable than their wired sensor counterparts. Sensors usually suffer from both random and systematic (bias) problems. Even when the sensors are properly calibrated at the time of their deployment, they develop drift in their readings leading to biased sensor measurements. The drift in this context is defined as a unidirectional long-term change in the sensor measurement. Assuming that neighboring sensors have correlated measurements and noting that the instantiation of drift in a sensor is uncorrelated with other sensors and inspired by the resemblance of registration problem in radar target tracking with the bias error problem in sensor networks we devise a novel algorithm for detecting and correcting sensors drifts and show how it improves the reliability and the effective life of the network.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116751300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407983
M. Ekman, E. Sviestins, L. Sjöberg
In this paper we will consider several algorithms for tracking closely spaced objects. In particular we will concentrate on various particle filter implementations. One particular problem when using a joint multi target particle filter is the so-called mixed labelling problem. This problem amounts to the fact that different particles will have a different labelling w.r.t. target identity. The combination of the mixed labelling problem and naive or straightforward track extraction leads to performance degradation. This will be illustrated and alternative methods to alleviate this effect will be presented.
{"title":"Particle filters for tracking closely spaced targets","authors":"M. Ekman, E. Sviestins, L. Sjöberg","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407983","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will consider several algorithms for tracking closely spaced objects. In particular we will concentrate on various particle filter implementations. One particular problem when using a joint multi target particle filter is the so-called mixed labelling problem. This problem amounts to the fact that different particles will have a different labelling w.r.t. target identity. The combination of the mixed labelling problem and naive or straightforward track extraction leads to performance degradation. This will be illustrated and alternative methods to alleviate this effect will be presented.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115772136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408089
H. Wehn, R. Yates, P. Valin, A. Guitouni, É. Bossé, A. Dlugan, H. Zwick
MacDonald Dettwiler is leading a PRECARN partnership project to develop an advanced simulation testbed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Network Enabled Operations in a coastal large volume surveillance situation. The main focus of this testbed is to study concepts like distributed information fusion, dynamic resources and networks configuration management, and self synchronising units and agents. This article presents the system architecture with an emphasis on our approach for distributed information fusion.
{"title":"A distributed information fusion testbed for coastal surveillance","authors":"H. Wehn, R. Yates, P. Valin, A. Guitouni, É. Bossé, A. Dlugan, H. Zwick","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408089","url":null,"abstract":"MacDonald Dettwiler is leading a PRECARN partnership project to develop an advanced simulation testbed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Network Enabled Operations in a coastal large volume surveillance situation. The main focus of this testbed is to study concepts like distributed information fusion, dynamic resources and networks configuration management, and self synchronising units and agents. This article presents the system architecture with an emphasis on our approach for distributed information fusion.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115278948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408205
A. Zemirline, L. Lecornu, B. Solaiman
In this work, we present a new fusion method that uses fuzzy set theory. This method is applied to the diagnostic system rule bases. It aims at combining all the rule bases into only one rule base and then taking into consideration the characteristics of this base. The fusion method is characterized by a hybrid fusion which combines rule fusion approach with knowledge fusion approach. Knowledge fusion relies on the distortion measure of various bases. This distortion measure is integrated into the rule fusion process in order to generate one rule base for improving the diagnostic system performance. It is defined as the confidence degrees associated to each rule base parameter. The confidence degrees are then integrated into prediction procedure of the new diagnostic system.
{"title":"Rule-based diagnostic system fusion","authors":"A. Zemirline, L. Lecornu, B. Solaiman","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408205","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a new fusion method that uses fuzzy set theory. This method is applied to the diagnostic system rule bases. It aims at combining all the rule bases into only one rule base and then taking into consideration the characteristics of this base. The fusion method is characterized by a hybrid fusion which combines rule fusion approach with knowledge fusion approach. Knowledge fusion relies on the distortion measure of various bases. This distortion measure is integrated into the rule fusion process in order to generate one rule base for improving the diagnostic system performance. It is defined as the confidence degrees associated to each rule base parameter. The confidence degrees are then integrated into prediction procedure of the new diagnostic system.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123389429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408019
T. Lang, G. Hayes
The exploitation of bistatic Doppler measurements for multistatic tracking is considered. It is found through simulation, that, while the velocity estimation of the standard extended Kalman filter is improved in monostotic situations and multistatic situations where measurement errors are small, a degradation in performance is observed in multistatic situations where the measurement errors are realistically large. A bistatic modification to the alternate EKF of Bizup and Brown (2003) is proposed as a means of exploiting bistatic Doppler measurements in realistic multistatic situations. Simulation results confirm that the proposed filter outperforms the standard EKF and can produce significantly improved target velocity estimates when Doppler measurements are exploited in multistatic applications.
{"title":"Exploitation of bistatic doppler measurements in multistatic tracking","authors":"T. Lang, G. Hayes","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408019","url":null,"abstract":"The exploitation of bistatic Doppler measurements for multistatic tracking is considered. It is found through simulation, that, while the velocity estimation of the standard extended Kalman filter is improved in monostotic situations and multistatic situations where measurement errors are small, a degradation in performance is observed in multistatic situations where the measurement errors are realistically large. A bistatic modification to the alternate EKF of Bizup and Brown (2003) is proposed as a means of exploiting bistatic Doppler measurements in realistic multistatic situations. Simulation results confirm that the proposed filter outperforms the standard EKF and can produce significantly improved target velocity estimates when Doppler measurements are exploited in multistatic applications.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124783332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407991
F. Leduc, Daniel A. Lavigne
In this paper we present a comparison of three AFE tools used in the context of ship and vehicle detection based on high resolution data. The three tools (Genie Pro - Los Alamos National Laboratory, Feature Analyst - Visual Learning Systems and eCognition - Definiens AG) were chosen because they were defined as promising and were to be analyzed by NGA in the framework of the STAR program. The comparison is presented here in terms of detection and false alarm rates and also in terms of pros and cons of each tool.
在本文中，我们提出了基于高分辨率数据的船舶和车辆检测中使用的三种AFE工具的比较。选择这三个工具(Genie Pro -洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室，特征分析-视觉学习系统和识别- Definiens AG)是因为它们被定义为有前途的，并且将由NGA在STAR计划的框架内进行分析。本文在检测率和虚警率以及每种工具的优缺点方面进行了比较。
{"title":"Comparing several AFE tools in the context of ships and vehicles detection based on RGB and EO data","authors":"F. Leduc, Daniel A. Lavigne","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4407991","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a comparison of three AFE tools used in the context of ship and vehicle detection based on high resolution data. The three tools (Genie Pro - Los Alamos National Laboratory, Feature Analyst - Visual Learning Systems and eCognition - Definiens AG) were chosen because they were defined as promising and were to be analyzed by NGA in the framework of the STAR program. The comparison is presented here in terms of detection and false alarm rates and also in terms of pros and cons of each tool.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122139722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408134
D. Brookes, C. Helleur, M. Gingell, Bill Campbell, R. Jassemi-Zargani
In this paper, we present the challenges that will be faced in maintaining Arctic domain awareness and the Arctic C4ISR issues that will result from these challenges. We have discussed the characteristics of the legacy client-server system and how it limits the exploitation of all available data. The characteristics of a Service-oriented Architecture that could address some of these issues are presented. Based upon our Service- oriented Architecture research and our experience in developing a test-bed to support sensor integration we have proposed an architecture that can contribute to addressing these Arctic C4ISR issues. Our experience and results to date strongly suggest that the benefits derived by adapting a Service-oriented Architecture warrant the effort needed to fully develop this capability.
{"title":"A case for service-oriented architecture in support of arctic C4ISR","authors":"D. Brookes, C. Helleur, M. Gingell, Bill Campbell, R. Jassemi-Zargani","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408134","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the challenges that will be faced in maintaining Arctic domain awareness and the Arctic C4ISR issues that will result from these challenges. We have discussed the characteristics of the legacy client-server system and how it limits the exploitation of all available data. The characteristics of a Service-oriented Architecture that could address some of these issues are presented. Based upon our Service- oriented Architecture research and our experience in developing a test-bed to support sensor integration we have proposed an architecture that can contribute to addressing these Arctic C4ISR issues. Our experience and results to date strongly suggest that the benefits derived by adapting a Service-oriented Architecture warrant the effort needed to fully develop this capability.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122669407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408075
O. Ozdemir, R. Niu, P. Varshney
In this paper, we propose a new maximum-likelihood (ML) target location estimator which uses quantized sensor data and wireless channel statistics in a wireless sensor network. The novelty of our approach comes from the fact that imperfect channel statistics between wireless sensors and the fusion center are incorporated in the localization algorithm. We call this approach "channel-aware target localization". Furthermore, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound as a performance bound for our channel-aware ML estimator. Simulation results are presented to show that the performance of the channel-aware ML location estimator is quite close to its theoretical performance bound even with relatively small number of sensors and it has superior performance compared to that of the channel-unaware ML estimator.
{"title":"Channel aware target localization in wireless sensor networks","authors":"O. Ozdemir, R. Niu, P. Varshney","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408075","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new maximum-likelihood (ML) target location estimator which uses quantized sensor data and wireless channel statistics in a wireless sensor network. The novelty of our approach comes from the fact that imperfect channel statistics between wireless sensors and the fusion center are incorporated in the localization algorithm. We call this approach \"channel-aware target localization\". Furthermore, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound as a performance bound for our channel-aware ML estimator. Simulation results are presented to show that the performance of the channel-aware ML location estimator is quite close to its theoretical performance bound even with relatively small number of sensors and it has superior performance compared to that of the channel-unaware ML estimator.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408188
Adrien Ickowicz, J. Cadre, P. Minvielle
This paper deals with the probabilistic data association issue in the context of multiple target tracking. In the continuation of the part I framework, we focus here on scenarios where multiple false measurements may occur. In particular, the influence of various critical parameters on the multi-tracking efficiency, i.e. the probability of correct association, is analyzed. Besides, we study the impact of the tracking scenario, including a large number of misassociations.
{"title":"On the effect of data contamination for multitarget tracking, part II","authors":"Adrien Ickowicz, J. Cadre, P. Minvielle","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2007.4408188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the probabilistic data association issue in the context of multiple target tracking. In the continuation of the part I framework, we focus here on scenarios where multiple false measurements may occur. In particular, the influence of various critical parameters on the multi-tracking efficiency, i.e. the probability of correct association, is analyzed. Besides, we study the impact of the tracking scenario, including a large number of misassociations.","PeriodicalId":298941,"journal":{"name":"2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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