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A Model for Supervision Management to Improve the Education by Using the Area as Base in Digital Era under Primary Educational Service Area in the Northeastern Region 东北地区小学教育服务区数字时代以地区为基地改进教育的督导管理模式
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p80
Warunee Teena, Sakdinaporn Nuntee, Chao Inyai
Educational reform in the modern era which the school administrators and all personnel in the school Must improve and develop themselves to keep up with changes in the era of globalization. By using the supervisory management model process to develop educational quality, these research objectives are to: 1) Study the problems and elements of supervision. Target group: 15 people 2) Create a supervisory model. By conducting in-depth interviews with 15 people involved. 3) Experiment with the supervision model with a sample group of 3 schools 4) Evaluate the use of the supervision model. By organizing a seminar with 15 experts and asking for opinions about its usefulness. Feasibility, appropriateness, and correctness of the format from 291 study supervisors. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Statistics were used to find the mean and standard deviation. It can be summarized as follows: 1) Problems in supervision include an insufficient number of supervisors. Study supervisors lack knowledge Lack of good supervision skills and no systematic planning. There are 5 important elements as follows: (1) objectives, (2) planning, (3) supervision, (4) monitoring and reflection, and (5) development and application. 2) Creating a model for supervision, including (1) objectives,(2) content of supervision, (3) process, (4) method, (5) supervisor and supervisor, (6) duration, (7) planning, (8) execution, (9) Evaluation (10) teamwork (11) network building (12) knowledge management (13) learning and quality development (14) building morale and (15) improving development. 3) The results of the trial use of the model had a reliability value of .80. Average comparison results in Knowledge before training and after training, tested with a t-test, and were found to be different. Statistically significant is at the .01 level. They were satisfied with the model. Overall, it is at the highest level (x̅ = 4.90, S.D. = 0.53) and the results of the overall evaluation of the use of the format are at the highest level (x̅ = 4.89) and overall satisfaction with the use of the format is at the highest level (x̅ = 4.63) 4) Model evaluation results are useful feasibility, suitability, and correctness. Overall, it is at the highest level (x̅ = 4.63, S.D. = 0.12).
当代的教育改革,学校管理者和学校的所有人员都必须提高和发展自己,以跟上全球化时代的变化。通过利用督导管理模式过程来发展教育质量,这些研究目标是1) 研究督导的问题和要素。目标群体:15 人 2) 创建一个督导模式。对 15 名相关人员进行深入访谈。3) 以 3 所学校为样本,对督导模式进行实验 4) 评估督导模式的使用情况。组织一次有 15 位专家参加的研讨会,就其实用性征求意见。从 291 名研究督导员那里了解该模式的可行性、适宜性和正确性。使用的工具是调查问卷。统计方法是求平均值和标准差。结果可归纳如下1) 督导中存在的问题包括:督导人数不足。研究督导人员缺乏知识 缺乏良好的督导技能,没有系统的规划。有以下 5 个重要因素:(1)目标;(2)计划;(3)督导;(4)监督与反思;(5)发展与应用。2) 创建督导模式,包括:(1)目标;(2)督导内容;(3)过程;(4)方法;(5)督导与被督导;(6)持续时间;(7)计划;(8)执行;(9)评估;(10)团队合作;(11)网络建设;(12)知识管理;(13)学习与素质发展;(14)树立士气;(15)提高发展。3) 模型的试用结果信度值为 0.80。培训前和培训后知识的平均比较结果,用 t 检验,发现有差异。统计学意义在 0.01 水平。他们对该模型表示满意。总体而言,处于最高水平(x̅ = 4.90,S.D. = 0.53),对格式使用的总体评价结果处于最高水平(x̅ = 4.89),对格式使用的总体满意度处于最高水平(x̅ = 4.63) 4) 模型评价结果为有用可行性、适用性和正确性。总体而言,处于最高水平(x̅ = 4.63,S.D. = 0.12)。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2 国际教育研究》第 17 卷第 2 期审稿人致谢
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p88
Chris Lee
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2024.
国际教育研究》审稿人致谢,第 17 卷第 2 期,2024 年。
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引用次数: 0
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Affecting Aptitude in the Specialized Nursing Competency of Nursing Students 影响护理专业学生专业护理能力的确认性因素分析
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p72
Varude Boonprayong, Pinanta Chatwattana, Pallop Piriyasurawong
The objective of the research is to explore the consistency of specialized nursing competency models of nursing students. The participants in this research are 165 Year 4 nursing students at Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Chakriraj, Thailand. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions, answered with the use of a 5-level scale. The questionnaire was evaluated by three experts, and the questionnaire’s accuracy ratings ranged from .70 to 1.00. The internal reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, resulting in values of .763 for educational excellence, .757 for socio-economic factors, .806 for lifestyle, and .814 for personal factors. The study’s findings showed that competency. 1) Education throughout nursing student training. 2) The socio-economic context. 3) Habits pertinent to everyday existence. 4) Attitude towards the nursing profession. 5) GPAx represents the grade point average. 6) OSCE refers to the objective structured clinical examination. The confirmatory factor analysis of specialized nursing aptitude is consistent with the empirical data, Chi-Square = 14.226; df = 8; Relative Chi-Square = 1.778; p-value = .076; GFI = .974; NFI = .943; TLI = .951; CFI = .974; RMSEA = .069; RMR = .113. Each element has a standard element weight value of between .010 and .817, with a standardized weight value ranging from .010 to .817.
本研究旨在探索护理专业学生护理能力模型的一致性。本研究的参与者是泰国 Chakriraj Boromarajonani 护理学院的 165 名四年级护理专业学生。数据收集采用了一份包含 45 个问题的调查问卷,并使用 5 级量表进行回答。问卷由三位专家进行评估,准确度在 0.70 至 1.00 之间。问卷的内部信度采用 Cronbach's alpha 系数进行测量,结果显示,卓越教育因素的内部信度为 0.763,社会经济因素的内部信度为 0.757,生活方式因素的内部信度为 0.806,个人因素的内部信度为 0.814。研究结果表明,能力包括1) 贯穿护生培养始终的教育。2) 社会经济背景。3) 日常生活习惯。4) 对护理专业的态度。5) GPAx 代表平均学分绩点。6) OSCE 指客观结构化临床考试。专科护理能力的确认性因素分析与实证数据一致,Chi-Square = 14.226; df = 8; Relative Chi-Square = 1.778; p 值 = .076; GFI = .974; NFI = .943; TLI = .951; CFI = .974; RMSEA = .069; RMR = .113。每个元素的标准元素权重值介于 0.010 和 0.817 之间,标准化权重值介于 0.010 和 0.817 之间。
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引用次数: 0
Lusheng’s Preservation and Transmission of Knowledge in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China 中国贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的葡京娱乐保护与知识传承
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p52
Qin Chen, Weerayut Seekhunlio
The study on the preservation and transmission of Lusheng knowledge in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China, yields important findings. It begins by detailing the traditional 6-pipe Lusheng’s production process, stressing its employment on numerous cultural occasions but its limited applicability for solo performances owing to its narrow tonal range. Throughout, regional differences in Lusheng scale configurations contribute to a variety of musical styles. Mr. Dong Dan Gan is a key figure in the growth of Lusheng instruments. It starts with the 8-pipe Lusheng, then moves on to the 11-pipe version, which expands tonal potential. Subsequent variations, such as the 12-pipe, 13-pipe, 14-pipe, 16-pipe, 19-pipe, and ground-breaking 18-pipe, 21-tone Lusheng, increased adaptability and melodic possibilities even more. Moreover, Lusheng has a wider tone range. These advancements accommodate varied musical traditions and help to preserve and disseminate Lusheng knowledge, strengthening the cultural legacy. And efforts have enhanced Lusheng music greatly, aiding its transmission and cultural continuation.
关于中国贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州芦笙知识的保存和传承的研究取得了重要发现。研究首先详细介绍了传统六管芦笙的制作过程,强调了其在众多文化场合的应用,但由于其音域狭窄,在独奏中的适用性有限。在整部作品中,泸笙音阶配置的地区差异造就了多种音乐风格。董丹干先生是芦笙乐器发展的关键人物。董丹干先生是泸笙发展史上的关键人物,他的作品从 8 管泸笙开始,到 11 管版本,扩展了音色的潜力。其后的 12 管、13 管、14 管、16 管、19 管,以及开创性的 18 管 21 调泸笙,进一步增加了泸笙的适应性和旋律的可能性。此外,庐笙的音域也更加宽广。这些进步适应了不同的音乐传统,有助于保护和传播庐笙知识,加强文化传承。这些努力极大地提升了芦笙音乐,有助于其传承和文化延续。
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引用次数: 0
Situations and Needs for Developing Desirable Characteristics of Students in the New Normal Era under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Phanom 那空拍侬省中等教育服务区办事处在新常态时代培养学生理想特质的形势与需求
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p46
Phrakhusriphanomworakun Kamolchai Srikamlang, Paitoon Puangyod
Desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal Era in educational institutions are important mechanism that will bring success and enhance student learning quality. This independent study aims to (1) study the current and desirable conditions in developing desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal. (2) To assess the need to develop desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal. This study’s sample consisted of 319 school administrators and teachers with the determination sample size using percentages selected by Stratified Random Sampling. The tools used in the study were (1) a questionnaire on current conditions in the development of desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal with the Index of item Congruence (IC) between .80 - 1.00, the discrimination between .46 - .73, and the reliability of .93; and (2) a questionnaire on the desirable conditions for the development of desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal of item Congruence (IC) between .80 - 1.00, the discrimination between .30-.89, and the reliability of .94. The statistics employed in data analysis were percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and the modified priority need assessment index (PNIModified). The results revealed that (1) The current condition in the development of the desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal era was at a high level and the overall desirable condition was at the highest level. (2) Necessary needs for the development of desirable characteristics of students in the New Normal. It was found that the aspects that were higher than the overall value were ordered in descending order of need. There are 2 aspects that are higher than the overall value, namely, the 4th aspect, creating innovation, equal to 0.385, and the 6th aspect, recognizing and appreciating oneself and others, equaling 0.363, respectively.
新常态时代教育机构中学生的理想特质是带来成功和提高学生学习质量的重要机制。本独立研究旨在:(1)研究新常态下培养学生理想特质的现状和理想条件。(2) 评估在新常态下培养学生理想特质的必要性。本研究的样本包括 319 名学校行政人员和教师,采用分层随机抽样法以百分比确定样本量。研究使用的工具有:(1) 新常态下学生理想特质发展现状问卷,其项目一致性指数(IC)在 0.80 - 1.00 之间,区分度在 0.46 - 0.73 之间,信度为 0.93;(2) 新常态下学生理想特质发展理想条件问卷,其项目一致性指数(IC)在 0.80 - 1.00 之间,区分度在 0.30 - 0.89 之间,信度为 0.94。数据分析采用的统计量为百分比、平均数、标准差和修正的优先需要评估指数(PNIModified)。结果表明:(1) 新常态下学生理想特性发展的现状处于较高水平,总体理想状况处于最高水平。(2)新常态下学生理想特性发展的必要需求。研究发现,高于总体值的方面按需要程度由高到低排序。有 2 个方面高于总值,分别是第 4 个方面 "创造创新",等于 0.385;第 6 个方面 "认识和欣赏自己和他人",等于 0.363。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Leadership Development Strategies of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Phanom 那空拍侬省中等教育服务区办事处学校管理人员的可持续领导力发展战略
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p25
Theeranan Motham, Waro Phengsawat, Akkaluck Pheasa
The objectives of this mixed-method study were to develop strategies for sustainable leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Phanom. There were 4 research methods: phase I) identify the components of sustainable leadership of school administrators by interviewing 5 experts and confirming factors by 5 experts, phase II) develop strategies for sustainable leadership in a focus group including 7 people, phase III) validate the appropriateness, feasibility and utility of sustainable leadership development by collected of data which comprised 84 school administrators using multi-stage random sampling, and phase IV) produce a user manual of strategies by 5 experts for validate the appropriateness of user manual. The findings were as follows: I) There were four main components in the sustainable leadership of school administrators, namely 1) depth 2) breadth 3) vision, and 4) media literacy. All of the components have appropriateness at the highest level and feasibility at the high. II) The strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators comprised a vision, 6 missions, 6 objectives, 7 strategies, 61 operational approaches, and 25 indicators. III) The appropriateness, feasibility, and utility of the strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators were at the highest level. IV) The user manual of the strategies for the development of sustainable leadership of school administrators obtained the overall appropriateness at the highest level.
这项混合方法研究的目的是为那空拍侬省中等教育服务区办事处的学校管理人员制定可持续领导力战略。研究采用了四种方法:第一阶段,通过采访 5 位专家确定学校行政人员可持续领导力的组成要素,并由 5 位专家确认这些要素;第二阶段,在包括 7 人在内的焦点小组中制定可持续领导力战略;第三阶段,采用多阶段随机抽样方法收集由 84 名学校行政人员组成的数据,验证可持续领导力发展的适当性、可行性和实用性;第四阶段,由 5 位专家编制战略用户手册,验证用户手册的适当性。研究结果如下I) 学校管理者的可持续领导力有四个主要组成部分,即 1) 深度 2) 广度 3) 愿景 4) 媒体素养。所有要素都具有最高级别的适宜性和最高级别的可行性。II) 学校管理者可持续领导力发展战略包括一个愿景、6 项使命、6 个目标、7 项战略、61 个操作方法和 25 个指标。III) 学校管理者可持续领导力发展战略的适宜性、可行性和实用性均达到最高水平。IV) 学校行政人员可持续领导力发展战略用户手册的总体适当性达到最高水平。
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引用次数: 0
Learning to Hear Students’ Voices: Teachers’ Experiences on Student Mentoring 学会倾听学生的声音:教师指导学生的经验
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p1
Sema Turgut, Gulsah Tasci
In recent years, mentoring practices have become increasingly common in different disciplines. One of these disciplines is education. In this connection, mentoring at the macro level contributes to the education system, while mentoring at the micro level reduces school dropout rates, increases academic success, supports students in their career journeys and protects them against any problems and unhealthy habits. In this context, the objective of this study is to provide an in-depth examination of teachers’ student mentoring experiences in the school context. To this end, phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study and the study was carried out with face-to-face interviews. The maximum variation sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used to select the participants. A total of 15 teachers selected from different branches formed the study group of the study. The data obtained from the study were transcribed and the thematic analysis method was used to determine the emerging themes and, in this way, a total of five themes were determined: identification, the role of the mentor, the types of mentoring used by the mentor, the mentoring strategies used by the mentor and the problems encountered during the student mentoring process.
近年来,指导实践在不同学科中越来越普遍。教育就是其中之一。在这方面,宏观层面的指导有助于教育系统的发展,而微观层面的指导则能降低辍学率,提高学业成功率,支持学生的职业生涯,保护他们免受任何问题和不良习惯的困扰。在此背景下,本研究旨在深入探讨学校背景下教师指导学生的经验。为此,本研究采用了定性研究方法之一的现象学设计,并以面对面访谈的方式开展研究。在选择参与者时,采用了目的抽样法之一的最大变异抽样法。从不同分校选出的 15 名教师组成了研究小组。研究获得的数据经过誊写,并采用主题分析法确定了新出现的主题,从而确定了五个主题:身份、导师的角色、导师采用的指导类型、导师采用的指导策略和学生指导过程中遇到的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Development of New Normal Administration Model According to Good Governance Principles of Schools under Sakon Nakhon Primary Education Service Area Offices in Sakon Nakhon Province 根据善治原则对萨空那空府萨空那空初等教育服务区办事处下属学校制定新常态管理模式
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p33
Ponchai Chumpunya, Waro Phengsawat, Wanphen Nanthasri
The objectives of research were to develop the new normal administration model according to the principles of good governance for schools under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area in Sakon Nakhon Province. The findings were as follows: I) Components of new normal administration for schools, consisting of 8 components: 1) New Normal Administration Planning 2) New Normal Working Method 3) New Normal Learning Curriculum Administration 4) New Normal Learning Administration 5) New Normal Learning Evaluation 6) New Normal Learning Resource Administration 7) New Normal Collaboration, and 8) Safety. Overall, it is at the most suitable level–the possibility at a high level. II) The new normal administration model consists of 5 components: 1) principles 2) objectives 3) structure 4) administration process and 5) mechanism. As for the components of the administration process, there are 8 sub-components, namely 1) New Normal Learning Resource Administration 2) New Normal Learning Administration 3) New Normal Learning Curriculum Administration 4) New Normal Learning Evaluation 5) New Normal Cooperation 6) New Normal Working Methods 7) Safety, and 8) New Normal Administration Planning. Four external factors affect the administration, including: 1) economic 2) technology, 3) social, and 4) political. III) Every component of the model is suitability possibilities and usefulness is at the highest level. IV) The manual for using the model consists of 3 components: 1) an explanation, 2) an introduction that presents details about the background, importance, objectives, and expected benefits, and 3) details of the model with the results of suitability at the highest level.
研究目的是根据善治原则,为朔那空府初等教育服务区办公室下属学校制定新的正常管理模式。研究结果如下I) 学校新常态管理的组成部分,包括 8 个组成部分:1)新常态管理规划 2)新常态工作方法 3)新常态学习课程管理 4)新常态学习管理 5)新常态学习评价 6)新常态学习资源管理 7)新常态协作 8)安全。总之,它处于最合适的水平--高水平的可能性。二)新常态管理模式由 5 个部分组成:1)原则;2)目标;3)结构;4)管理过程;5)机制。就管理过程的组成部分而言,有 8 个子组成部分,即 1)新常态学习资源管理 2)新常态学习管理 3)新常态学习课程管理 4)新常态学习评价 5)新常态合作 6)新常态工作方法 7)安全和 8)新常态管理规划。影响行政管理的四个外部因素包括1)经济;2)技术;3)社会;4)政治。III) 模型的每个组成部分都具有适用性和实用性。IV) 模型使用手册由 3 部分组成:1) 解释;2) 介绍,详细说明背景、重要性、目标和预期效益;3) 模型的细节和最高级别的适用性结果。
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引用次数: 0
Establishing Citizen Democratic Networks to Promote Political Participation in Schools under the Provincial Administrative Organization in Mahasarakham 建立公民民主网络,促进马哈萨拉康省行政组织下属学校的政治参与
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n2p15
Tipsuda Yanapirat, Thapanee Seechaliao
This research focused on the mechanism of establishing citizen democratic networks to promote political participation in schools under the provincial administrative organization in Mahasarakham. This research aimed to 1) analyze the model of creating a civil-democratic network between universities and schools, and 2) study the process of promoting students’ political participation in schools under the provincial administrative organization in Mahasarakham. The qualitative research methods were conducted by document study and then in-depth interviews with the participant observation method. Research instruments were 1) the related documents and research in a reliable database, and 2) four interview questions for each group and the participant observations form. Collected data were analyzed and categorized into critical issues and themes based on the literature. The participants comprised sixty-two interviewees and were divided into four groups: 1) Two representatives of the Office of Education, Religion and Culture of the provincial administrative organization; 2) Twenty school administrators under the provincial administrative organization; 3) Twenty teachers responsible for the civics course, and 4) Twenty high school students. The findings revealed: 1) The model for creating a civic network between universities and schools. There must be a central person in the management position with the authority to command leadership and technical communication between the school and the university. The creation of a network of citizens of democracy will be successful. 2) The process of creating the political participation of students in schools arose from the process of building democratic citizenship through school education and extra-curricular activities. Students can then apply that knowledge in daily life.
本研究的重点是马哈萨拉康省行政机构下属学校建立公民民主网络以促进政治参与的机制。本研究旨在:1)分析在大学和学校之间建立公民民主网络的模式;2)研究马哈沙拉堪省行政组织下的学校促进学生政治参与的过程。定性研究方法是先进行文献研究,然后采用参与观察法进行深入访谈。研究工具包括:1)可靠数据库中的相关文件和研究;2)针对每个小组的四个访谈问题和参与者观察表。对收集到的数据进行了分析,并根据文献将其归类为关键问题和主题。受访者共 62 人,分为四组:1)省级行政机构教育、宗教和文化办公室的两名代表;2)省级行政机构下属的 20 名学校行政人员;3)20 名负责公民课程的教师;4)20 名高中学生。研究结果显示1) 在大学和学校之间建立公民网络的模式。必须有一个处于管理地位的核心人物,他有权指挥学校和大学之间的领导和技术交流。民主公民网络的创建将取得成功。2) 通过学校教育和课外活动培养民主公民意识的过程中,产生了在校学生参政的过程。学生可以在日常生活中运用这些知识。
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引用次数: 0
The Scenarios of Educational Administration of Secondary Schools in Thailand During the Next Decade (A.D. 2022-2031) 未来十年(公元 2022-2031 年)泰国中学教育管理的设想
Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.5539/ies.v17n1p77
Pimlabhat Janlasee, Sakdinaporn Nuntee, Sukhum Prommuangkun
This research is the scenarios of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) by using EDFR research techniques, The research objectives were 1) To study the current conditions and problems of educational administration of secondary schools in Thailand 2) To study the scenarios of educational administration of secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031). The research results can be summarized as follows: I) The current state and problems of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand overall practice is at a high level when considering each aspect, there are practices at a high level in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) Student affairs 4) Human resources 5) Administrative work 6) Finance and supplies 7) Building and environment services and 8) Community work and affiliate networks. As for the educational administration problems in Thai secondary schools, the overall practice is at a low level, when considering each aspect, there is a low level of practice in all 8 aspects: 1) Planning and quality assurance 2) Academic affairs 3) student affairs, 4) Human resources, 5) Administrative work, 6) Finance and supplies, 7) Building and environment services, and 8) Community and affiliate networks. II) The scenarios of educational administration of the secondary school in Thailand during the next decade (A.D. 2022-2031) have 49 possible trends as follows: 1) Planning and Quality assurance 7 trends 2) Academic affairs 11 trends 3) Student affairs 8 trends 4) Human resources, 9 trends, 5) Administrative, 4 trends, 6) Finance and supplies, 5 trends, 7) Building and environment services, 3 trends, and 8) Community and affiliate network 2 trends.
本研究通过使用 EDFR 研究技术,对未来十年(公元 2022-2031 年)泰国中学教育管理的 前景进行研究。研究目标是:1)研究泰国中学教育管理的现状和问题;2)研究未来十年 (公元 2022-2031 年)泰国中学教育管理的前景。研究成果可归纳如下:I) 泰国中学教育管理的现状和问题 总体实践水平较高,从各方面来看,在所有 8 个方面都有较高水平的实践:1) 规划和质量保证 2)教务 3) 学生事务 4) 人力资源 5) 行政工作 6)财务和供应 7) 建筑和环境服务 8) 社区工作和附属网络。就泰国中学的教育管理问题而言,总体实践水平较低,从各方面来看,8 个方面的实践水平都较低:1) 规划和质量保证 2)3)学生事务;4)人力资源;5)行政工作;6)财务与供应;7)建筑与环境服务;8)社区与附属网络。II) 未来十年(公元 2022 年至 2031 年)泰国中学教育管理可能出现的 49 种趋势如下:1) 规划与质量保证 7 种趋势 2) 学术事务 11 种趋势 3) 学生事务 8 种趋势 4) 人力资源 9 种趋势 5) 行政管理 4 种趋势 6) 财务与供应 5 种趋势 7) 建筑与环境服务 3 种趋势 8) 社区与附属网络 2 种趋势。
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