Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1672029
J. Ohl
Abstract In April 2017, the United States military dropped the GBU-43/B Massive Ordinance Air Blast (MOAB), colloquially known as the “Mother of All Bombs,” in Eastern Afghanistan. This essay foregrounds the MOAB as an intensified manifestation of argumentum ad baculum (appeal to force). I argue the weapon forwards dynamic material and symbolic appeals to force, and also satisfies sadistic appeals of force, to buttress American militarism from public opposition. After assessing the MOAB’s argumentative capacity to deliver convincing claims to international and domestic audiences, I conclude by calling for adoption of object-oriented sensibilities to understand and defy the forceful force of argumentative weapons.
{"title":"The “mother of all bombs” and the forceful force of the greater weapon","authors":"J. Ohl","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1672029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1672029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In April 2017, the United States military dropped the GBU-43/B Massive Ordinance Air Blast (MOAB), colloquially known as the “Mother of All Bombs,” in Eastern Afghanistan. This essay foregrounds the MOAB as an intensified manifestation of argumentum ad baculum (appeal to force). I argue the weapon forwards dynamic material and symbolic appeals to force, and also satisfies sadistic appeals of force, to buttress American militarism from public opposition. After assessing the MOAB’s argumentative capacity to deliver convincing claims to international and domestic audiences, I conclude by calling for adoption of object-oriented sensibilities to understand and defy the forceful force of argumentative weapons.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75607460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1630132
Takeshi Suzuki, C. Tindale, H. Matsusaka
The 6th Tokyo Conference on Argumentation will be held August 10 (Mon)–12 (Wed), 2020. The conference is sponsored by the Japan Debate Association (JDA) and in cooperation with International Budo University, Chiba near Tokyo, Japan. The conference is designed to encourage exchanges of views on the theory, practice and instruction of argumentation across the disciplines. Basic information about the 6th conference is available at: http://japan-debate-association.org/tokyo_conference
{"title":"The 6th Tokyo Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Education, August 10–12, 2020","authors":"Takeshi Suzuki, C. Tindale, H. Matsusaka","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1630132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1630132","url":null,"abstract":"The 6th Tokyo Conference on Argumentation will be held August 10 (Mon)–12 (Wed), 2020. The conference is sponsored by the Japan Debate Association (JDA) and in cooperation with International Budo University, Chiba near Tokyo, Japan. The conference is designed to encourage exchanges of views on the theory, practice and instruction of argumentation across the disciplines. Basic information about the 6th conference is available at: http://japan-debate-association.org/tokyo_conference","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81747337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1622860
{"title":"Summer 2019—Recent ad hoc reviewers—Argumentation and advocacy","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1622860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1622860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73106127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00028533.2018.1429065
Mollie K. Murphy
ABSTRACT This article examines Rachel Carson's rhetoric following the 1962 publication of Silent Spring. Although she had generated a fierce controversy, Carson could not rely on a scientific consensus to defend her arguments. As the author of this article argues, she turned to a series of interrelated strategies necessitated by the fact that controversy over pesticides was legitimate. Carson argued that the pesticide issue was moral, exigent, and corrupted by corporate interests. Rather than cloistering debate to scientific professionals, she granted the public autonomy to engage and form scientific arguments. In addition to extending scholarship on Rachel Carson, this article contributes to historical and contemporary understandings of environmental controversy. When an issue is contested within the scientific community, framing debate as open and promoting audience participation may be necessary – and perhaps effective – rhetorical strategies.
{"title":"Scientific argument without a scientific consensus: Rachel Carson's rhetorical strategies in the Silent Spring debates","authors":"Mollie K. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/00028533.2018.1429065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028533.2018.1429065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines Rachel Carson's rhetoric following the 1962 publication of Silent Spring. Although she had generated a fierce controversy, Carson could not rely on a scientific consensus to defend her arguments. As the author of this article argues, she turned to a series of interrelated strategies necessitated by the fact that controversy over pesticides was legitimate. Carson argued that the pesticide issue was moral, exigent, and corrupted by corporate interests. Rather than cloistering debate to scientific professionals, she granted the public autonomy to engage and form scientific arguments. In addition to extending scholarship on Rachel Carson, this article contributes to historical and contemporary understandings of environmental controversy. When an issue is contested within the scientific community, framing debate as open and promoting audience participation may be necessary – and perhaps effective – rhetorical strategies.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89769249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-30DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1617617
Ryan Mitchell
Abstract This essay furthers scholarly investigations into how the dissociation of concepts works in actual argumentative contexts. It argues that in moments of biomedical controversy, dissociation can stabilize the epistemic grounds of argument by drawing on taken-for-granted and fundamentally nonscientific forms of evidence. In service of this argument, I explore the role that dissociation plays in paramedical AIDS information materials published before the official recognition of HIV as AIDS's etiological agent in 1984. My analysis illustrates that these texts circumvent the uncertainty surrounding the cause of AIDS by forwarding tentative prevention protocols that dissociate sexuality from intimacy and thus encourage members of at-risk communities to adopt dominant, heteronormative relationship patterns. I conclude by arguing that the dissociation of concepts undergirds biomedicine’s ever-broadening epistemic authority—even in moments of palpable uncertainty—by legitimating contingent biomedical knowledge with commonplace social values.
{"title":"Decoupling sex and intimacy: the role of dissociation in early AIDS prevention campaigns","authors":"Ryan Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1617617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1617617","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay furthers scholarly investigations into how the dissociation of concepts works in actual argumentative contexts. It argues that in moments of biomedical controversy, dissociation can stabilize the epistemic grounds of argument by drawing on taken-for-granted and fundamentally nonscientific forms of evidence. In service of this argument, I explore the role that dissociation plays in paramedical AIDS information materials published before the official recognition of HIV as AIDS's etiological agent in 1984. My analysis illustrates that these texts circumvent the uncertainty surrounding the cause of AIDS by forwarding tentative prevention protocols that dissociate sexuality from intimacy and thus encourage members of at-risk communities to adopt dominant, heteronormative relationship patterns. I conclude by arguing that the dissociation of concepts undergirds biomedicine’s ever-broadening epistemic authority—even in moments of palpable uncertainty—by legitimating contingent biomedical knowledge with commonplace social values.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75866137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-16DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1613860
Raymie E. McKerrow
Life is precarious—we are all vulnerable in some conditions at some times for reasons we cannot always control. Thus, it comes as no surprise that rhetoric, that art of the contingent and variable ...
{"title":"Precarious Rhetorics","authors":"Raymie E. McKerrow","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1613860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1613860","url":null,"abstract":"Life is precarious—we are all vulnerable in some conditions at some times for reasons we cannot always control. Thus, it comes as no surprise that rhetoric, that art of the contingent and variable ...","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90067529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1608741
J. Justice
Abstract Designing campaigns to discourage youth smoking remains a difficult task. Paradoxically, data suggests that The Real Cost campaign has been a success, despite research predicting that its fantastic imagery would be dismissed by adolescent audiences. In this essay I argue that The Real Cost messages activate values-based evaluative standards that are salient for adolescent audiences in an attempt to encourage them not to smoke. In addition to explaining the persuasiveness of this campaign, my findings suggest future directions for anti-tobacco messaging while enhancing understanding of public controversies where fantastic narratives are treated as “real” while strongly-supported arguments are not. Where a disconnect between public opinion and scientific consensus exists, rhetors should tap into their audience’s transcendent values, activate emotional associations, and produce new frameworks for evaluation, rather than relying upon fact-based appeals.
{"title":"Fantastic visual argument and the Food and Drug Administration’s The Real Cost campaign","authors":"J. Justice","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1608741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1608741","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Designing campaigns to discourage youth smoking remains a difficult task. Paradoxically, data suggests that The Real Cost campaign has been a success, despite research predicting that its fantastic imagery would be dismissed by adolescent audiences. In this essay I argue that The Real Cost messages activate values-based evaluative standards that are salient for adolescent audiences in an attempt to encourage them not to smoke. In addition to explaining the persuasiveness of this campaign, my findings suggest future directions for anti-tobacco messaging while enhancing understanding of public controversies where fantastic narratives are treated as “real” while strongly-supported arguments are not. Where a disconnect between public opinion and scientific consensus exists, rhetors should tap into their audience’s transcendent values, activate emotional associations, and produce new frameworks for evaluation, rather than relying upon fact-based appeals.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-29DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1603711
Samuel Boerboom
In their book, A Feeling of Wrongness, Joseph Packer and Ethan Stoneman articulate a goal of providing “an interpretive heuristic or critical-rhetorical hermeneutic for the identification and criti...
{"title":"A feeling of wrongness: pessimistic rhetoric on the fringes of popular culture","authors":"Samuel Boerboom","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1603711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1603711","url":null,"abstract":"In their book, A Feeling of Wrongness, Joseph Packer and Ethan Stoneman articulate a goal of providing “an interpretive heuristic or critical-rhetorical hermeneutic for the identification and criti...","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-20DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2019.1603027
Ryan Neville-Shepard
Abstract Building on the notion of post-truth, this essay suggests that Donald Trump—both as a candidate and president—has crafted a notion of post-presumption argumentation. While there are many theories of how presumption functions in argumentation, scholars agree that it is largely a procedural device meant to promote deliberation. The essay suggests that post-presumption argumentation has become a new model—rising partly from a cultural shift triggered by rampant conspiracy theorizing by political and social elites—that undercuts the presumption of veracity, undermines faith in institutions that give presumptions force, and rejects deliberation as a communal goal.
{"title":"Post-presumption argumentation and the post-truth world: on the conspiracy rhetoric of Donald Trump","authors":"Ryan Neville-Shepard","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2019.1603027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2019.1603027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Building on the notion of post-truth, this essay suggests that Donald Trump—both as a candidate and president—has crafted a notion of post-presumption argumentation. While there are many theories of how presumption functions in argumentation, scholars agree that it is largely a procedural device meant to promote deliberation. The essay suggests that post-presumption argumentation has become a new model—rising partly from a cultural shift triggered by rampant conspiracy theorizing by political and social elites—that undercuts the presumption of veracity, undermines faith in institutions that give presumptions force, and rejects deliberation as a communal goal.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75306605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10511431.2018.1544828
Lili Pâquet
Abstract In 2016, Waleed Aly, a prominent Muslim Australian academic and media personality, made an argument using the Twitter hashtag “Send Forgiveness Viral” that asked for empathy in the face of Islamophobia. While initially appealing, deeper consideration of his use of and appeal to his audience to use Rogerian strategies to combat racism presents problems. Can Rogerian argumentation strategies be utilized to combat racism? Using Aly’s #SendForgivenessViral argument as a case study, this article evaluates Rogerian argumentation and empathic response in therapeutic situations compared to arguments about discrimination, particularly those taking place through social media. While scholarly writing by Lassner (1990) and Ede (1984) is dated, they provide pertinent and influential ideas to consider. More recent scholarship used to evaluate #SendForgivenessViral includes arguments on race, rhetoric, and Twitter revolutions by Brock (2012), D’Cruz (2017), Gerbaudo (2012), Margolin (2017), and Roose (2016). Other sources will be drawn from contemporary social media responses to Aly’s segment. This article concludes that Aly’s use of Rogerian argumentation is flawed because it places the onus of combatting racism onto victims. Furthermore, Rogerian argumentation models have underlying problems with power relations.
{"title":"The #Rhetoric of Waleed Aly’s “Send Forgiveness Viral”: Is Rogerian argumentation an appropriate response to racism?","authors":"Lili Pâquet","doi":"10.1080/10511431.2018.1544828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2018.1544828","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2016, Waleed Aly, a prominent Muslim Australian academic and media personality, made an argument using the Twitter hashtag “Send Forgiveness Viral” that asked for empathy in the face of Islamophobia. While initially appealing, deeper consideration of his use of and appeal to his audience to use Rogerian strategies to combat racism presents problems. Can Rogerian argumentation strategies be utilized to combat racism? Using Aly’s #SendForgivenessViral argument as a case study, this article evaluates Rogerian argumentation and empathic response in therapeutic situations compared to arguments about discrimination, particularly those taking place through social media. While scholarly writing by Lassner (1990) and Ede (1984) is dated, they provide pertinent and influential ideas to consider. More recent scholarship used to evaluate #SendForgivenessViral includes arguments on race, rhetoric, and Twitter revolutions by Brock (2012), D’Cruz (2017), Gerbaudo (2012), Margolin (2017), and Roose (2016). Other sources will be drawn from contemporary social media responses to Aly’s segment. This article concludes that Aly’s use of Rogerian argumentation is flawed because it places the onus of combatting racism onto victims. Furthermore, Rogerian argumentation models have underlying problems with power relations.","PeriodicalId":29934,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation and Advocacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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