Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028859
Ana Karina Cabrera Tobar, Hasan Ul Banna, C. Koch-Ciobotaru
Although numerous proposals for electrical and communication topologies for distribution automation had been presented, not all of them are suitable for the use of renewable energy as a source of electricity. Selecting the most appropriate topology requires good knowledge of the particular characteristics and requirements. This paper presents the analysis of the basic characteristics, topologies and the main functions of the distribution network and evaluates the communication architecture suitable for a sustainable energy resources integration. Finally, recommendations for a new architecture are presented as well as for the communication to use.
{"title":"Scope of electrical distribution system architecture considering the integration of renewable energy in large and small scale","authors":"Ana Karina Cabrera Tobar, Hasan Ul Banna, C. Koch-Ciobotaru","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028859","url":null,"abstract":"Although numerous proposals for electrical and communication topologies for distribution automation had been presented, not all of them are suitable for the use of renewable energy as a source of electricity. Selecting the most appropriate topology requires good knowledge of the particular characteristics and requirements. This paper presents the analysis of the basic characteristics, topologies and the main functions of the distribution network and evaluates the communication architecture suitable for a sustainable energy resources integration. Finally, recommendations for a new architecture are presented as well as for the communication to use.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028945
M. Ridzuan, I. Hernando‐Gil, S. Djokic, R. Langella, A. Testa
This paper is part one of a two-part series discussing how Regulator requirements for continuity of supply could be incorporated in the reliability analysis of existing electricity networks and future “smart grids”. The paper uses examples of overall and guaranteed standards of performance from the UK and Italy, specifying requirements that network operators should satisfy with respect to excessively long and/or too frequent supply interruptions. Besides the relevant Regulator requirements, this paper presents input data, parameters and models required for comprehensive reliability assessment, while Part 2 paper presents scenarios and results for test network based on both analytical and probabilistic reliability procedures.
{"title":"Incorporating regulator requirements in reliability analysis of smart grids. Part 1: Input data and models","authors":"M. Ridzuan, I. Hernando‐Gil, S. Djokic, R. Langella, A. Testa","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028945","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is part one of a two-part series discussing how Regulator requirements for continuity of supply could be incorporated in the reliability analysis of existing electricity networks and future “smart grids”. The paper uses examples of overall and guaranteed standards of performance from the UK and Italy, specifying requirements that network operators should satisfy with respect to excessively long and/or too frequent supply interruptions. Besides the relevant Regulator requirements, this paper presents input data, parameters and models required for comprehensive reliability assessment, while Part 2 paper presents scenarios and results for test network based on both analytical and probabilistic reliability procedures.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133395899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028800
V. Kiray, Taner Topal, L. Sagbansua, I. Atacak
A unique system that will enable the efficient and shared usage of PV panels in multi-apartment complexes and sharing of energy is developed in this study along with a modeling scheme. Efficient and shared usage of the panels which is suggested as the solution requires sharing and pricing the energy in the apartment complex. In this modeling study which is conducted in Matlab and Simulink environment, the available energy is initially allocated for all the apartments and has them use it for free. The modeled system is applied to a three-apartment complex and the simulation results are obtained based on the electricity pricing tariff in Turkey. The amounts reflected in the electricity bill in the cases where the solar energy used and not used are calculated separately and compared later in the experimental results. It is demonstrated that the shared energy of the apartment complex can be allocated in an efficient and fair way. Moreover, it is proved that the budget generated by using the cheap energy can pay off the fix costs such as battery charge and renewal costs.
{"title":"A modelling study of renewable and stored energy sharing and pricing management system developed for multi-apartment complexes","authors":"V. Kiray, Taner Topal, L. Sagbansua, I. Atacak","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028800","url":null,"abstract":"A unique system that will enable the efficient and shared usage of PV panels in multi-apartment complexes and sharing of energy is developed in this study along with a modeling scheme. Efficient and shared usage of the panels which is suggested as the solution requires sharing and pricing the energy in the apartment complex. In this modeling study which is conducted in Matlab and Simulink environment, the available energy is initially allocated for all the apartments and has them use it for free. The modeled system is applied to a three-apartment complex and the simulation results are obtained based on the electricity pricing tariff in Turkey. The amounts reflected in the electricity bill in the cases where the solar energy used and not used are calculated separately and compared later in the experimental results. It is demonstrated that the shared energy of the apartment complex can be allocated in an efficient and fair way. Moreover, it is proved that the budget generated by using the cheap energy can pay off the fix costs such as battery charge and renewal costs.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125664792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028751
T. Zhang, H. Gooi
A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept is utilized to manage multiple geographically dispersed energy resources. The purpose is to incorporate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage units into the grid and to realize their economic and stable cooperation in a liberalized energy market. The paper proposed a centralized two-level hierarchical VPP controller to address both its commercial concerns and the participation into the energy market as well as the ancillary service market. The controller targets are attained with the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, with different objective functions and constraints in the two levels. The primary control employs the Lasso MPC approach to allocate power imbalance commands between PV energy system and the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The secondary control mainly considers the income of the VPP, minimizing power purchase from the utility grid. Finally, a numerical demonstration is conducted using lumped system models, real weather and solar insolation data, as well as load data from the grid.
{"title":"Hierarchical MPC-based energy management and frequency regulation participation of a virtual power plant","authors":"T. Zhang, H. Gooi","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028751","url":null,"abstract":"A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept is utilized to manage multiple geographically dispersed energy resources. The purpose is to incorporate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage units into the grid and to realize their economic and stable cooperation in a liberalized energy market. The paper proposed a centralized two-level hierarchical VPP controller to address both its commercial concerns and the participation into the energy market as well as the ancillary service market. The controller targets are attained with the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, with different objective functions and constraints in the two levels. The primary control employs the Lasso MPC approach to allocate power imbalance commands between PV energy system and the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The secondary control mainly considers the income of the VPP, minimizing power purchase from the utility grid. Finally, a numerical demonstration is conducted using lumped system models, real weather and solar insolation data, as well as load data from the grid.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028932
E. Ciapessoni, D. Cirio, A. Pitto, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro
Power system security assessment techniques can greatly benefit from the adoption of probabilistic approaches, as these can thoroughly describe the effect of uncertainties on the operating condition. The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the probability of exceeding operational constraints under normal and contingency situations, accounting for uncertain, correlated power injections. In the proposed methodology, an analytical technique for probabilistic power flow is combined with copulas, the latter being introduced to deal with correlations. Copulas allow representing in an effective way the correlation information among variables, i.e. the multi-variate distributions of stochastic variables. A test system based on a realistic transmission network is used to exemplify the method.
{"title":"A novel approach to account for uncertainty and correlations in probabilistic power flow","authors":"E. Ciapessoni, D. Cirio, A. Pitto, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028932","url":null,"abstract":"Power system security assessment techniques can greatly benefit from the adoption of probabilistic approaches, as these can thoroughly describe the effect of uncertainties on the operating condition. The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the probability of exceeding operational constraints under normal and contingency situations, accounting for uncertain, correlated power injections. In the proposed methodology, an analytical technique for probabilistic power flow is combined with copulas, the latter being introduced to deal with correlations. Copulas allow representing in an effective way the correlation information among variables, i.e. the multi-variate distributions of stochastic variables. A test system based on a realistic transmission network is used to exemplify the method.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"48 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120889792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028771
R. Kohrs, K. Dallmer-Zerbe, Michael Mierau, C. Wittwer
In this paper a concept of real-time reactive power control by electric vehicles is discussed. Electric vehicles pose potential issues for low-voltage distribution grids, such as violations of the minimum voltage boundary. Grid reinforcement can be prevented with innovative control concepts utilizing the existing power electronics in electric vehicles. The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany, developed and evaluated an on-board charging system featuring a four-quadrant charger and an on-board grid controller, the communication and control strategies. Simulation studies show significant effects in the low-voltage grid. The proof-of-principle was carried out in the lab, demonstrating the complete signal processing chain.
{"title":"Autonomous reactive power control by electric vehicles","authors":"R. Kohrs, K. Dallmer-Zerbe, Michael Mierau, C. Wittwer","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028771","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a concept of real-time reactive power control by electric vehicles is discussed. Electric vehicles pose potential issues for low-voltage distribution grids, such as violations of the minimum voltage boundary. Grid reinforcement can be prevented with innovative control concepts utilizing the existing power electronics in electric vehicles. The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany, developed and evaluated an on-board charging system featuring a four-quadrant charger and an on-board grid controller, the communication and control strategies. Simulation studies show significant effects in the low-voltage grid. The proof-of-principle was carried out in the lab, demonstrating the complete signal processing chain.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115236439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028914
R. H. Lopez Rodriguez, D. Picault, O. Accouche, D. Boeda, N. Hadjsaid
The increasing number of smart grid projects throughout the world has resulted in a large portfolio of demonstrators and advanced grid functions. These experimental projects generally aim to test and validate new solutions for the future electric system. This paper proposes a method to compare smart grid demonstration projects using a dedicated evaluation indicator. Scores are attributed to experimental projects addressing a variety of elements along the electricity chain that are included in the smart grid concept, which combines information and communication technology with the electric power system for a more efficient, sustainable, and economic use. The smart grid evaluation indicator is later applied to four major international smart grid demonstrators.
{"title":"Assessing and comparing smart grid demonstration projects","authors":"R. H. Lopez Rodriguez, D. Picault, O. Accouche, D. Boeda, N. Hadjsaid","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028914","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of smart grid projects throughout the world has resulted in a large portfolio of demonstrators and advanced grid functions. These experimental projects generally aim to test and validate new solutions for the future electric system. This paper proposes a method to compare smart grid demonstration projects using a dedicated evaluation indicator. Scores are attributed to experimental projects addressing a variety of elements along the electricity chain that are included in the smart grid concept, which combines information and communication technology with the electric power system for a more efficient, sustainable, and economic use. The smart grid evaluation indicator is later applied to four major international smart grid demonstrators.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116598987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028978
A. Pavas, Camilo Garzón
The location of power quality disturbances origin has been widely studied but remains unsolved so far. As disturbances location cannot be established, any evaluation regarding the cause of such disturbances cannot be completely provided either. The Method of Disturbances Interaction - MDI has proven to provide a solution to quantify the contribution of each circuit connected to a point of common coupling, allowing to identify where disturbances are concentrated. This paper goes further analysing the indicators derived from MDI in order to identify the causes of stationary power quality disturbances. Causality is evaluated by means of statistical procedures typically employed in epidemiology. Based on the results a novel discussion on responsibilities assignment is presented.
{"title":"Causality assessment for power quality stationary disturbances","authors":"A. Pavas, Camilo Garzón","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028978","url":null,"abstract":"The location of power quality disturbances origin has been widely studied but remains unsolved so far. As disturbances location cannot be established, any evaluation regarding the cause of such disturbances cannot be completely provided either. The Method of Disturbances Interaction - MDI has proven to provide a solution to quantify the contribution of each circuit connected to a point of common coupling, allowing to identify where disturbances are concentrated. This paper goes further analysing the indicators derived from MDI in order to identify the causes of stationary power quality disturbances. Causality is evaluated by means of statistical procedures typically employed in epidemiology. Based on the results a novel discussion on responsibilities assignment is presented.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028745
W. Nakawiro
Unit commitment involves determination of a large number of variables (both discrete and continuous). The well-known curse of dimensionality is very pronounced when dealing with large-scale power systems. This paper presents an approach combined between genetic algorithm (GA) and interior point method (IPM). GA is used to determine the on/off status of generators (discrete variables) whereby IPM finds the optimal power dispatch of the committed generators. Simulations were carried out for the case with 10, 30, 60 and 100 units. The results show that the proposed method helps improve quality of the final result and also reduce computing time.
{"title":"A combined GA and IPM approach for unit commitment problem","authors":"W. Nakawiro","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028745","url":null,"abstract":"Unit commitment involves determination of a large number of variables (both discrete and continuous). The well-known curse of dimensionality is very pronounced when dealing with large-scale power systems. This paper presents an approach combined between genetic algorithm (GA) and interior point method (IPM). GA is used to determine the on/off status of generators (discrete variables) whereby IPM finds the optimal power dispatch of the committed generators. Simulations were carried out for the case with 10, 30, 60 and 100 units. The results show that the proposed method helps improve quality of the final result and also reduce computing time.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121226681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028936
E. Lu, Mingbo Liu, Jian Ning, Haoming Liu, Yunhe Hou
Fast Cut Back (FCB) thermal power units can be used as black-start units to boot up the power system after blackout. Based on the analysis of the important role of FCB units in restoring a power system, the optimal location of FCB units are determined with an optimization model. The objective function of this model is to minimize all the generators' restoration time, considering the constraints such as generating units' characteristics and transmission lines' charging time, etc. Such a model is computational intensive due to its combinational nature. Ordinal Optimization technique is thus applied in this paper as an efficient tool to obtain enough good solutions with a high probability. This technique succeeds in reducing the computational burden remarkably and well satisfies the engineering requirements. The simulation results of a practical power system prove that the reasonable location of FCB units based on the optimization can significantly contribute to reduce the restoration time.
{"title":"Optimum allocation of FCB thermal power plant using ordinal optimization theory","authors":"E. Lu, Mingbo Liu, Jian Ning, Haoming Liu, Yunhe Hou","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2014.7028936","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Cut Back (FCB) thermal power units can be used as black-start units to boot up the power system after blackout. Based on the analysis of the important role of FCB units in restoring a power system, the optimal location of FCB units are determined with an optimization model. The objective function of this model is to minimize all the generators' restoration time, considering the constraints such as generating units' characteristics and transmission lines' charging time, etc. Such a model is computational intensive due to its combinational nature. Ordinal Optimization technique is thus applied in this paper as an efficient tool to obtain enough good solutions with a high probability. This technique succeeds in reducing the computational burden remarkably and well satisfies the engineering requirements. The simulation results of a practical power system prove that the reasonable location of FCB units based on the optimization can significantly contribute to reduce the restoration time.","PeriodicalId":299515,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114618867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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