Pub Date : 2016-04-15DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.125
A. G. Niaki, Sadegh Ardeshiri, M. AliakbariBaydokhty, A. Saeidi
Aims: During recent years, consumption of nutritional supplements has become popular in the athletes to enhance muscle power, function, and hypertrophy. Since the chemical supplements cause side-effects, many experts focus on the traditional medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus Supplementation on the insulin and estradiol levels. Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 44 untrained healthy men were selected from the students of Mazandaran University using census method in 2013. The samples were divided into four groups including “waterexercise”, “petal sweat-exercise”, “style-exercise”, and “stigma-exercise”. 2week resistance exercises consisted of 12 stations (30 seconds with 40% of a maximum repetition per station; 5 sessions a week). 500mg Crocus sativus were daily consumed two times in the morning immediately after the exercises. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last session. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and dependent T tests. Findings: There was a significant increase in the estradiol level in stigmaexercise group than water-exercise group (p=0.007). There were significant increases in the plasma estradiol concentration in each stigma-exercise and style-exercise groups after the exercises (p 0.05). Conclusion: Circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus supplementation lead to no change in insulin concentration. Nevertheless, consumption of the stigma of Crocus sativus flower can empower the effects of the resistance exercises and enhance estradiol.
{"title":"Effects of Circuit Resistance Training with Crocus sativus Supplementation on Insulin and Estradiol Hormones Response","authors":"A. G. Niaki, Sadegh Ardeshiri, M. AliakbariBaydokhty, A. Saeidi","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: During recent years, consumption of nutritional supplements has become popular in the athletes to enhance muscle power, function, and hypertrophy. Since the chemical supplements cause side-effects, many experts focus on the traditional medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus Supplementation on the insulin and estradiol levels. Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 44 untrained healthy men were selected from the students of Mazandaran University using census method in 2013. The samples were divided into four groups including “waterexercise”, “petal sweat-exercise”, “style-exercise”, and “stigma-exercise”. 2week resistance exercises consisted of 12 stations (30 seconds with 40% of a maximum repetition per station; 5 sessions a week). 500mg Crocus sativus were daily consumed two times in the morning immediately after the exercises. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the last session. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc, and dependent T tests. Findings: There was a significant increase in the estradiol level in stigmaexercise group than water-exercise group (p=0.007). There were significant increases in the plasma estradiol concentration in each stigma-exercise and style-exercise groups after the exercises (p 0.05). Conclusion: Circular resistance exercises with Crocus sativus supplementation lead to no change in insulin concentration. Nevertheless, consumption of the stigma of Crocus sativus flower can empower the effects of the resistance exercises and enhance estradiol.","PeriodicalId":300087,"journal":{"name":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130113399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-15DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.117
S. Nazemi, A. Pejhan, H. Azhdari-Zarmehri, M. Mojadadi
Aims Cardio-vascular diseases are of the most important health and treatment problems in the recent industrialized societies. The conducted studies show that noise and vibrations, as types of pollution, are risk factors for the cardio-vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term and long-term facing with noise pollution on some heart biochemical and electrophysiological parameters in the rats. Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups including short-term (one-day facing) and long-term (30-day facing). And each one included one control group and three experimental groups (4-, 8-, and 12-hour noise facing). At last, different electrophysiological parameters of heart function were investigated via recorded electrocardiograms. The levels of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes were measured, to investigate myocardial injury. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Findings Short-term (4-hour) facing with noise pollution only led to a reduction in PR interval (p<0.05). Long term (8- and 12-hour) facing with noise pollution considerably reduced PR, QT, and QTc wave intervals, while increased QRS complex voltage (p<0.05). Short-tem (4hour) and long-term (8 to 12-hour) facing led to an increase in the heart rate (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes between different groups. Conclusion Through changes in the hemodynamic factors, continuous facing with noise pollution can increase heart rate and function in the rats. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O
目的心血管疾病是当今工业化社会中最重要的健康和治疗问题之一。研究表明，噪声和振动作为一种污染，是心血管疾病的危险因素。本研究旨在探讨短期和长期噪声污染对大鼠心脏部分生化和电生理参数的影响。材料与方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠60只，随机分为短期(1天)和长期(30天)两组。每组包括1个对照组和3个实验组(4小时、8小时和12小时噪声处理)。最后，通过记录的心电图观察心功能的不同电生理参数。测定大鼠肌酸磷酸激酶和肌钙蛋白I酶水平，观察心肌损伤情况。数据分析采用SPSS 21软件，采用单因素方差分析和Tukey事后检验。结果短期(4小时)噪声污染仅导致PR间隔缩短(p<0.05)。长期(8小时和12小时)噪声污染显著降低了PR、QT和QTc波间隔，增加了QRS复电压(p<0.05)。短时间(4小时)和长时间(8 ~ 12小时)面瘫导致心率升高(p<0.05)。各组间血清肌酸磷酸激酶和肌钙蛋白I酶水平无显著差异。结论持续面对噪声污染可通过改变血流动力学因子使大鼠心率和功能增加。A / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b
{"title":"Determining Certain Cardiac Electrophysiological and Biochemical Parameters Following Long-Term Exposure to Sound Pollutions in Male Rats","authors":"S. Nazemi, A. Pejhan, H. Azhdari-Zarmehri, M. Mojadadi","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Cardio-vascular diseases are of the most important health and treatment problems in the recent industrialized societies. The conducted studies show that noise and vibrations, as types of pollution, are risk factors for the cardio-vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term and long-term facing with noise pollution on some heart biochemical and electrophysiological parameters in the rats. Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups including short-term (one-day facing) and long-term (30-day facing). And each one included one control group and three experimental groups (4-, 8-, and 12-hour noise facing). At last, different electrophysiological parameters of heart function were investigated via recorded electrocardiograms. The levels of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes were measured, to investigate myocardial injury. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Findings Short-term (4-hour) facing with noise pollution only led to a reduction in PR interval (p<0.05). Long term (8- and 12-hour) facing with noise pollution considerably reduced PR, QT, and QTc wave intervals, while increased QRS complex voltage (p<0.05). Short-tem (4hour) and long-term (8 to 12-hour) facing led to an increase in the heart rate (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes between different groups. Conclusion Through changes in the hemodynamic factors, continuous facing with noise pollution can increase heart rate and function in the rats. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O","PeriodicalId":300087,"journal":{"name":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences","volume":"R-24 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114128041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.137
farahnaz motallebi, S. Shakerian, Ruohollah Ranjbar
Aims Any increase in the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) implies improper glucose control in the diabetic persons. Based on the evidences, a reduction in HbA1c prevents the long-term side-effects of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic alternate exercises on HbA1c and insulin resistance index in women with type II diabetes. Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study, 30 women with type II diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Ahwaz Golestan Hospital were studied in 2012 The subjects were selected via available sampling, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The aerobic program consisted of 8-week pedaling on an ergometer bicycle with an intensity of 68 to 80% of maximum power (3days per week). Fasting blood sampling was done before and after the exercise sessions in all the subjects. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 software using dependent T and covariance analysis test. Findings Following 8-week aerobic alternate exercises, there was no significant reduction in HbA1c and fasting glucose in experimental group (p>0.05). Nevertheless, there were significant reductions in serum insulin and insulin resistance (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between fasting glucose and HbA1c amounts in experimental and control groups. Nevertheless, there were significant differences between serum insulin and insulin resistance in both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion 8-week aerobic alternate exercises with an increasing intensity affect serum insulin level and insulin resistance index in the women with type II diabetes. Nevertheless, the exercises do not considerably affect fasting blood glucose and HbA1c amount. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O
目的糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)升高提示血糖控制不当。有证据表明，降低HbA1c可以预防糖尿病的长期副作用。本研究的目的是探讨8周有氧交替运动对2型糖尿病女性HbA1c和胰岛素抵抗指数的影响。材料与方法本研究为半实验研究，选取2012年在Ahwaz Golestan医院糖尿病门诊就诊的30例2型糖尿病女性患者为研究对象，通过可抽样的方式抽取研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组，每组15例。有氧运动包括8周在脚踏车上蹬脚踏车，强度为最大功率的68 - 80%(每周3天)。在运动前后对所有受试者进行空腹血液采样。数据采用SPSS 17软件进行相关T和协方差分析检验。结果经8周有氧交替运动后，实验组HbA1c和空腹血糖无显著降低(p>0.05)。然而，血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗显著降低(p<0.05)。实验组和对照组空腹血糖和HbA1c无显著差异。两组血清胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论8周增加有氧运动强度对2型糖尿病女性血清胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗指数有影响。然而，运动对空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白没有显著影响。A / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b
{"title":"Effect of 8 Weeks Aerobic Interval Training on Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Insulin Resistance Index in Diabetic Mellitus Type 2 Women","authors":"farahnaz motallebi, S. Shakerian, Ruohollah Ranjbar","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.137","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Any increase in the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) implies improper glucose control in the diabetic persons. Based on the evidences, a reduction in HbA1c prevents the long-term side-effects of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic alternate exercises on HbA1c and insulin resistance index in women with type II diabetes. Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study, 30 women with type II diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Ahwaz Golestan Hospital were studied in 2012 The subjects were selected via available sampling, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The aerobic program consisted of 8-week pedaling on an ergometer bicycle with an intensity of 68 to 80% of maximum power (3days per week). Fasting blood sampling was done before and after the exercise sessions in all the subjects. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 software using dependent T and covariance analysis test. Findings Following 8-week aerobic alternate exercises, there was no significant reduction in HbA1c and fasting glucose in experimental group (p>0.05). Nevertheless, there were significant reductions in serum insulin and insulin resistance (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between fasting glucose and HbA1c amounts in experimental and control groups. Nevertheless, there were significant differences between serum insulin and insulin resistance in both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion 8-week aerobic alternate exercises with an increasing intensity affect serum insulin level and insulin resistance index in the women with type II diabetes. Nevertheless, the exercises do not considerably affect fasting blood glucose and HbA1c amount. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O","PeriodicalId":300087,"journal":{"name":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124149053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.95
A. Davari, Abdolhoseyn Miri, E. Shahraki
Aims As a medical herb, Capparis spinosa is used in the traditional medicine. Nevertheless, its side-effects are not yet studied, especially during the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the tratogenic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa on the embryo of Balb/c mice. Materials & Methods In the experimental method, 32 pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were the groups received 200, 400, and 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract doses of the leaves of Capparis spinosa. Experimental and control groups received the extract doses and urban water as 14-day gavage, respectively. The 18-day embryos, removed out of the uterus by Cesarean, were investigated in the physical deformations. Alizarin staining method was used to assess the embryonic skeletal system. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls method. Findings There was a significant reduction in the mean weight of the pregnant mice at the 18th day of pregnancy in 800mg/kg extract group compared to control group (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean height and weight of the embryos of the mice in 800mg/kg extract group than control group (p<0.05). There was no embryonic physical and skeletal deformation in the experimental groups. Conclusion 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa affect height and weight of the embryos of Balb/c mice and might have tratogenic effects on embryo. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O
目的:作为一种中草药，刺蒺藜在传统医学中被广泛使用。然而，其副作用尚未被研究，特别是在怀孕期间。本研究旨在探讨刺毛柑叶水酒精提取物对Balb/c小鼠胚胎的致变性作用。材料与方法将32只Balb/c孕鼠随机分为对照组和实验组。试验组分别为200、400、800mg/kg水酒精提取物组。试验组和对照组分别给予提取物剂量和城市水灌胃14 d。通过剖宫产将18天胚胎取出子宫，观察其物理变形。采用茜素染色法评价胚胎骨骼系统。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和Newman-Keuls方法。结果:与对照组相比，800mg/kg提取物组妊娠第18天小鼠平均体重显著降低(p<0.05)。此外，800mg/kg提取物组小鼠胚胎的平均身高和体重均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。试验组未见胚胎生理和骨骼变形。结论刺毛椒叶水醇提取物800mg/kg可影响Balb/c小鼠胚胎的身高和体重，可能对胚胎有致畸作用。A / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b / b
{"title":"Teratogenic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa Leaf on Balb/c Mice","authors":"A. Davari, Abdolhoseyn Miri, E. Shahraki","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"Aims As a medical herb, Capparis spinosa is used in the traditional medicine. Nevertheless, its side-effects are not yet studied, especially during the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the tratogenic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa on the embryo of Balb/c mice. Materials & Methods In the experimental method, 32 pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were the groups received 200, 400, and 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract doses of the leaves of Capparis spinosa. Experimental and control groups received the extract doses and urban water as 14-day gavage, respectively. The 18-day embryos, removed out of the uterus by Cesarean, were investigated in the physical deformations. Alizarin staining method was used to assess the embryonic skeletal system. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls method. Findings There was a significant reduction in the mean weight of the pregnant mice at the 18th day of pregnancy in 800mg/kg extract group compared to control group (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean height and weight of the embryos of the mice in 800mg/kg extract group than control group (p<0.05). There was no embryonic physical and skeletal deformation in the experimental groups. Conclusion 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa affect height and weight of the embryos of Balb/c mice and might have tratogenic effects on embryo. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O","PeriodicalId":300087,"journal":{"name":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122332003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.1.65
davood hekmat po, F. Rafiei, Mohammad Khajehgoodari, Mokhtar Mahmoudi, P. Asgari
Effect of Increasing the Visitation Time on Pain Parameters and Consciousness Level of Intensive Care Unit’s Patients Author(s): asgari, Mahmoudi M. *, davood hekmatpou, mohammad khajeh goodary , fatemeh rafiei Abstract: Aims: One of the most important needs of hospitalized patients in intensive care units is patients visiting by their family members, but it is very limited in these units. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increased visiting to patients’ time on pain and level of consciousness of hospitalized patients in intensive care units. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 hospitalized patients in intensive care units of Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak City, Iran, in 2013-2014 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Each visiting was done for 10 minutes, 3 times a day (9- and 12am and 15pm) in the intervention group and for 10 minutes once a day (15pm) in the control group. Then patients’ pain and level of consciousness was measured before, during, and after 10 and 30 minutes of visiting by family. Data was analyzed in SPSS 20 software using Chi-square, paired T, independent T, and repeated measure ANOVA tests. Findings: There was no significant difference between pain and level of consciousness between 2 groups before intervention (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the means of pain and level of consciousness before and 30min after the visiting at 15pm in control group (p>0.05). There were significant differences between the means of pain before and 30min after visiting at 9am, 12am and 15pm in intervention group (p 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the time of visiting to patients decreases the pain of the hospitalized patients in intensive care units. Keywords: Visitors to Patients, Pain, Consciousness Monitors, Intensive Care Units,
增加探视时间对重症监护病房患者疼痛参数和意识水平的影响作者:asgari, Mahmoudi M. *， davood hekmatpou, mohammad khajeh goodary, fatemeh rafiei摘要:目的:重症监护病房住院患者最重要的需求之一是患者家属的探视，但这种需求在重症监护病房非常有限。本研究的目的是确定增加探视时间对重症监护病房住院患者疼痛和意识水平的影响。材料与方法:本临床试验采用方便抽样法，选取2013-2014年伊朗阿拉克市Vali-Asr医院重症监护病房住院患者60例，随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组每天3次(上午9点、12点和下午15点)，每次10分钟;对照组每天一次(下午15点)，每次10分钟。然后分别在家属探视前、探视中、探视后10分钟和30分钟测量患者的疼痛和意识水平。数据在SPSS 20软件中进行分析，采用卡方、配对T、独立T和重复测量方差分析检验。结果:干预前两组患者的疼痛和意识水平比较，差异均无统计学意义(p>0.05)。对照组患者就诊前与就诊后30min疼痛程度及意识水平差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。干预组患者就诊前、就诊后30min (9am、12am、15pm)疼痛程度差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。结论:增加对病人的探视时间可以减轻重症监护病房住院病人的痛苦。关键词:病人探访，疼痛，意识监测仪，重症监护病房，
{"title":"Effect of Increasing the Visitation Time on Pain Parameters and Consciousness Level of Intensive Care Unit’s Patients","authors":"davood hekmat po, F. Rafiei, Mohammad Khajehgoodari, Mokhtar Mahmoudi, P. Asgari","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.HMS.22.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of Increasing the Visitation Time on Pain Parameters and Consciousness Level of Intensive Care Unit’s Patients \u0000Author(s): asgari, Mahmoudi M. *, davood hekmatpou, mohammad khajeh goodary , fatemeh rafiei \u0000 \u0000Abstract: \u0000Aims: One of the most important needs of hospitalized patients in intensive care units is patients visiting by their family members, but it is very limited in these units. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increased visiting to patients’ time on pain and level of consciousness of hospitalized patients in intensive care units. \u0000Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 hospitalized patients in intensive care units of Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak City, Iran, in 2013-2014 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Each visiting was done for 10 minutes, 3 times a day (9- and 12am and 15pm) in the intervention group and for 10 minutes once a day (15pm) in the control group. Then patients’ pain and level of consciousness was measured before, during, and after 10 and 30 minutes of visiting by family. Data was analyzed in SPSS 20 software using Chi-square, paired T, independent T, and repeated measure ANOVA tests. \u0000Findings: There was no significant difference between pain and level of consciousness between 2 groups before intervention (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the means of pain and level of consciousness before and 30min after the visiting at 15pm in control group (p>0.05). There were significant differences between the means of pain before and 30min after visiting at 9am, 12am and 15pm in intervention group (p 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Increasing the time of visiting to patients decreases the pain of the hospitalized patients in intensive care units. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Visitors to Patients, Pain, Consciousness Monitors, Intensive Care Units,","PeriodicalId":300087,"journal":{"name":"The Horizon of Medical Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116700882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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