The political transformation in Poland, initiated in the first half of 1989, was the beginning of deep, systemic changes in all mechanisms of collective life and public authority. The transformations were characterized as complex and multifaceted, which generated new conflicts and socially perceptible costs. However, such deep changes were necessary because they opened the way for Poland and Polish society towards European standards of organization and activity of all entities of public life. The most important principles on the basis of which the new constitutional model of the state was built were deconcentrating the authority mechanism and decentralizing its powers. This meant that the administration alsobecame a very important area of transformational changes. In this regard, a special role was played by actions aimed at reconstructinglocal government which was to become an integral part of the new public authority system and to carry out a significant part of public tasks.
{"title":"Modernisation of the State Apparatus in Poland in the Years 1989–1999 . A Decade of Difficult Changes","authors":"Agnieszka Lipska-Sondecka","doi":"10.15804/rop2021407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021407","url":null,"abstract":"The political transformation in Poland, initiated in the first half of 1989, was the beginning of deep, systemic changes in all mechanisms of collective life and public authority. The transformations were characterized as complex and multifaceted, which generated new conflicts and socially perceptible costs. However, such deep changes were necessary because they opened the way for Poland and Polish society towards European standards of organization and activity of all entities of public life. The most important principles on the basis of which the new constitutional model of the state was built were deconcentrating the authority mechanism and decentralizing its powers. This meant that the administration alsobecame a very important area of transformational changes. In this regard, a special role was played by actions aimed at reconstructinglocal government which was to become an integral part of the new public authority system and to carry out a significant part of public tasks.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121827107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relations between the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation have a long history. Over centuries those relations were changing. At the beginning the countries were hostile and militant towards each other. Then, they became allies in World War I and World War II. However, never in the modern history bilateral relations between Great Britain and Russia have been so obscure and distant. Some scientists and politicians even suggest that relations between the United Kingdom and Russia are frozen. This thesis can be supported by the analysis of recent events in the 21st century history: from an attempt to murder ex-Russian agent in 2018 to firing warning shots at the British Royal Navy destroyer in the Black See by Russians in 2021.
{"title":"Russia-United Kingdom Relations after The Year 2018. Condition and Predictions","authors":"Joanna Kustowska","doi":"10.15804/rop2021406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021406","url":null,"abstract":"The relations between the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation have a long history. Over centuries those relations were changing. At the beginning the countries were hostile and militant towards each other. Then, they became allies in World War I and World War II. However, never in the modern history bilateral relations between Great Britain and Russia have been so obscure and distant. Some scientists and politicians even suggest that relations between the United Kingdom and Russia are frozen. This thesis can be supported by the analysis of recent events in the 21st century history: from an attempt to murder ex-Russian agent in 2018 to firing warning shots at the British Royal Navy destroyer in the Black See by Russians in 2021.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129714459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nicola Sutcliff, Jestem Saudyjką. Świat oczami kobiet z Arabii Saudyjskiej [I am Saudi. The world through the eyes of women from Saudi Arabia], Prószyński i S-ka, Warszawa 2021, ss. 464.","authors":"K. Pietrasik","doi":"10.15804/rop2021411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125306594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Th e article is devoted to the coverage of the issue of criminal – legal protection of intellectual property at the present stage of state development. Some issues of optimization of the ratio of criminal – legal and civil – legal protection of intellectual property, the issue of diff erentiation of criminal – legal protection of personal non--property and / or property rights of intellectual property to literary, artistic and other work (copyright) and personal non-property and / or property intellectual property rights for performance, phonogram, videogram and program (transfer) of broadcasting organization (related rights). Unambiguous interpretation, logical wording in determining the signs and boundaries of socially dangerous acts and a clear relationship with other legal norms inevitably aff ect the correctness of law enforcement, provided that the legal constructions cover legal relations enshrined in the form of criminal off enses, delimiting criminal behavior from other actions and inaction . However, the eff ectiveness of the mechanism and legal eff ectiveness of criminal – legal protection of intellectual property, the quality of the relevant criminal – legal prohibitions and their qualifi ed and active application should be recognized as more signifi cant in terms of func-tional purpose and impact on legal relations. legislation of Ukraine, as well as methods and techniques of intellectual property protection, which also contributes to the modern development of civil law, criminal law and procedural institutions of regulation and protection of intellectual property rights in view of the dynamics of such crimes, their type of affi liation, as well as persons who may be involved in their commis-sion. At the same time, there is no doubt that even perfect criminal law prohibitions cannot completely replace the professionalism of a law enforcer, his technical equipment, his knowledge of regulatory legislation and high-quality investigative and operational-investigative activities.
{"title":"Tasks and role of the mechanism of legal protection of intellectual property in the functioning of legal relations in this field","authors":"Yu. L. Stankevich","doi":"10.15804/rop2021310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021310","url":null,"abstract":": Th e article is devoted to the coverage of the issue of criminal – legal protection of intellectual property at the present stage of state development. Some issues of optimization of the ratio of criminal – legal and civil – legal protection of intellectual property, the issue of diff erentiation of criminal – legal protection of personal non--property and / or property rights of intellectual property to literary, artistic and other work (copyright) and personal non-property and / or property intellectual property rights for performance, phonogram, videogram and program (transfer) of broadcasting organization (related rights). Unambiguous interpretation, logical wording in determining the signs and boundaries of socially dangerous acts and a clear relationship with other legal norms inevitably aff ect the correctness of law enforcement, provided that the legal constructions cover legal relations enshrined in the form of criminal off enses, delimiting criminal behavior from other actions and inaction . However, the eff ectiveness of the mechanism and legal eff ectiveness of criminal – legal protection of intellectual property, the quality of the relevant criminal – legal prohibitions and their qualifi ed and active application should be recognized as more signifi cant in terms of func-tional purpose and impact on legal relations. legislation of Ukraine, as well as methods and techniques of intellectual property protection, which also contributes to the modern development of civil law, criminal law and procedural institutions of regulation and protection of intellectual property rights in view of the dynamics of such crimes, their type of affi liation, as well as persons who may be involved in their commis-sion. At the same time, there is no doubt that even perfect criminal law prohibitions cannot completely replace the professionalism of a law enforcer, his technical equipment, his knowledge of regulatory legislation and high-quality investigative and operational-investigative activities.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114041030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Th e involvement of females in armed robbery operations posed a major concern to the public as well as the female folks. Th is paper therefore attempted an analysis of the demographic profi les of detained female armed robbery off enders in Lagos State, Nigeria. Th e paper examined the socio-demographic profi les of detained female armed robbery off enders at the Female Custodian Center of Nigerian Correctional Services, Kirikiri, Panti and Ikeja Police Commands, Lagos State, Nigeria. Th e study adopted the cross-sectional exploratory research design. Th e sampling was mainly purposive and the instrument for data collection was questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Th e study revealed that female armed robbers are mostly singles within the age brackets of 21–25 years and their educational status was mostly secondary school certifi cate. It also revealed that the married female armed robbery off enders were married to armed robbers or live-in-lovers to armed robbers. Th erefore, the paper concluded that most females in armed robbery were infl uenced by fi nancial gains. Th e study therefore recommended that females should be encouraged to focus on educating and empowering themselves rather than getting involved in ‘quick wealth’ criminal activities and depending on han-douts from men.
{"title":"Analysis of the socio-demographic profi les of females detained for armed robbery in Lagos state, Nigeria: selected cases in Nigerian Correctional Services, Kirikiri, Panti and Ikeja Police Commands","authors":"C. Urowoli, O. Aluko","doi":"10.15804/rop2021302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021302","url":null,"abstract":": Th e involvement of females in armed robbery operations posed a major concern to the public as well as the female folks. Th is paper therefore attempted an analysis of the demographic profi les of detained female armed robbery off enders in Lagos State, Nigeria. Th e paper examined the socio-demographic profi les of detained female armed robbery off enders at the Female Custodian Center of Nigerian Correctional Services, Kirikiri, Panti and Ikeja Police Commands, Lagos State, Nigeria. Th e study adopted the cross-sectional exploratory research design. Th e sampling was mainly purposive and the instrument for data collection was questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. Th e study revealed that female armed robbers are mostly singles within the age brackets of 21–25 years and their educational status was mostly secondary school certifi cate. It also revealed that the married female armed robbery off enders were married to armed robbers or live-in-lovers to armed robbers. Th erefore, the paper concluded that most females in armed robbery were infl uenced by fi nancial gains. Th e study therefore recommended that females should be encouraged to focus on educating and empowering themselves rather than getting involved in ‘quick wealth’ criminal activities and depending on han-douts from men.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122179239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetiana Kostyshyna, L. Stepanova, O. Kravchenko, Anna I. Kostyshyna, A. Smirnova
: A study of the management of the processes of regulation of remuneration in the context of ensuring the personnel security of enterprises proves that there is a close link between these management objects, which is conditioned by internal and external factors. Th e structural and functional components of the reference model of wage regulation have been determined, which makes it possible to form an eff ective motivational mechanism, increase labor productivity, ensure personnel safety and competitiveness of the enterprise. Th e formed model of regulatory management of remuneration with the defi nition of synergistic eff ect allows to determine the sequence of processes on the organization of work of the mechanism of regulation of remuneration in the context of ensuring personnel security. Th e conducted cluster analysis allows to evaluate the enterprises of the regions of Ukraine by the level of regulation of remuneration and personnel threats.
{"title":"Management of regulation processes for labor remuneration and personnel security of enterprises","authors":"Tetiana Kostyshyna, L. Stepanova, O. Kravchenko, Anna I. Kostyshyna, A. Smirnova","doi":"10.15804/rop2021305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021305","url":null,"abstract":": A study of the management of the processes of regulation of remuneration in the context of ensuring the personnel security of enterprises proves that there is a close link between these management objects, which is conditioned by internal and external factors. Th e structural and functional components of the reference model of wage regulation have been determined, which makes it possible to form an eff ective motivational mechanism, increase labor productivity, ensure personnel safety and competitiveness of the enterprise. Th e formed model of regulatory management of remuneration with the defi nition of synergistic eff ect allows to determine the sequence of processes on the organization of work of the mechanism of regulation of remuneration in the context of ensuring personnel security. Th e conducted cluster analysis allows to evaluate the enterprises of the regions of Ukraine by the level of regulation of remuneration and personnel threats.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133405197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanghamitra Choudhury, Shailendra Kumar, J. Tamuly
{"title":"Understanding identity, confl ict, and trauma through literary texts of selected women writers of North-East India","authors":"Sanghamitra Choudhury, Shailendra Kumar, J. Tamuly","doi":"10.15804/rop2021301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128787008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Th e paper deals with a comprehensive study of translation strategies in English--Ukrainian translation of President Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address. Political discourse is characterized by its unique features triggering a considerable interest in applied linguistics and translation studies. In brief, political speeches are oft en delivered by politicians to communica-te their messages to the public. Th ey mainly operate as a tool of persuasion, imposing political ideas, beliefs, and practices crucial in constituting a political community. Translating political speeches can posit serious problems due to their unique features as a special text genre. Appropriate translation methods are needed to ensure a higher quality political speech translation and its adequacy. It has been decided that the best methods for the proposed study were discourse and comparative analyses combined with generalization. Th e translation techniques employed in the translation of Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address into Ukrainian include lexical, grammatical, and complex transformations. A comparative analysis of the linguistic means used by both American president and the translator has demonstrated that the source text submitted for translation undergoes interlin-gual changes to create the text with the same communicative intent in the target language. Syntactic translation transformations are the most dominant ones, followed by lexical and grammatical. Such changes in the translation of the American President’s inaugural address are necessary for better conforming to existing cultural norms and soothing out social, religious, and political diff erences in English and Ukrainian cultures. Th us, translation is not simply an act of faithful reproduction but, rather, deliberate and conscious creation of secret linguistic and pragmatic codes.
{"title":"Translation strategies in political speeches : a case study of Ukrainian translation of president Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address","authors":"H. Onyshchak","doi":"10.15804/rop2021307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021307","url":null,"abstract":": Th e paper deals with a comprehensive study of translation strategies in English--Ukrainian translation of President Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address. Political discourse is characterized by its unique features triggering a considerable interest in applied linguistics and translation studies. In brief, political speeches are oft en delivered by politicians to communica-te their messages to the public. Th ey mainly operate as a tool of persuasion, imposing political ideas, beliefs, and practices crucial in constituting a political community. Translating political speeches can posit serious problems due to their unique features as a special text genre. Appropriate translation methods are needed to ensure a higher quality political speech translation and its adequacy. It has been decided that the best methods for the proposed study were discourse and comparative analyses combined with generalization. Th e translation techniques employed in the translation of Joseph R. Biden’s inaugural address into Ukrainian include lexical, grammatical, and complex transformations. A comparative analysis of the linguistic means used by both American president and the translator has demonstrated that the source text submitted for translation undergoes interlin-gual changes to create the text with the same communicative intent in the target language. Syntactic translation transformations are the most dominant ones, followed by lexical and grammatical. Such changes in the translation of the American President’s inaugural address are necessary for better conforming to existing cultural norms and soothing out social, religious, and political diff erences in English and Ukrainian cultures. Th us, translation is not simply an act of faithful reproduction but, rather, deliberate and conscious creation of secret linguistic and pragmatic codes.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130671116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Th e scientifi c article covers the problem of the digital transformation impact on the state, individuals, business and society in Russia and the world. An overview of the concept of «digital economy» by leading world experts is given. Th e authors concluded that, despite all the positive aspects of the transition to the digital economy, the market faces many risks. All of this aff ects national and global security.
{"title":"Digital society and the information age: challenges and threats for man, business and the state","authors":"N. Reshetnikova","doi":"10.15804/rop2021308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021308","url":null,"abstract":": Th e scientifi c article covers the problem of the digital transformation impact on the state, individuals, business and society in Russia and the world. An overview of the concept of «digital economy» by leading world experts is given. Th e authors concluded that, despite all the positive aspects of the transition to the digital economy, the market faces many risks. All of this aff ects national and global security.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121177834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agnieszka Zduniak, Krzysztof Rubas, Uzależnienie młodzieży od internetu. Uwarunkowania społeczne i profilaktyka [Young Addicted to the Internet. Social Conditions and Prevention], Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń 2021, pp. 217","authors":"J. Mariański","doi":"10.15804/rop2021312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2021312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131454661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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