Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.3
Mauricio Tavera Carreño, N. Ramírez-Marcial, M. González-Espinosa, D. N. Gutiérrez
Los bosques de montana del sur de Mexico albergan una alta riqueza de especies, sin embargo estos sistemas se encuentran seriamente alterados por influencia humana. El efecto de los disturbios humanos afecta diferencialmente a las especies con base en sus atributos morfo-funcionales para responder efectivamente a las presiones ambientales. En toda comunidad biologica se desarrollan especies que son muy abundantes y especies poco comunes o raras. Estas ultimas suelen considerarse mas vulnerables ante la transformacion de sus habitats debido a que generalmente tienen bajas densidades poblacionales, estan geograficamente restringidas y se encuentran en habitats especificos. Para probar esta nocion, se evaluo la respuesta funcional de especies arboreas raras y abundantes en los bosques de montana de la Altiplanicie Central, Montanas del Norte y Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Se eligieron cinco rasgos funcionales que reflejan una asociacion con la captura de recursos, crecimiento y regeneracion de las especies (tamano del arbol, area foliar, tipo de diaspora, mecanismo de dispersion y afinidad sucesional). Un analisis de clasificacion basado en la similitud de rasgos funcionales y distribucion mostro que las especies consideradas raras se agrupan en tipos funcionales claramente discernibles de un grupo de especies comunes. El conjunto de especies registradas como raras corresponden a arboles de talla pequena y crecimiento lento, tolerantes a la sombra, producen frutos drupaceos con dispersion zoocora (aves y mamiferos pequenos) y tienen afinidad sucesional tardia. Lo anterior reconoce los riesgos de la transformacion de los bosques sobre estas especies poco comunes y aboga en favor de su conservacion.
{"title":"RASGOS FUNCIONALES DE ESPECIES ARBÓREAS RARAS Y ABUNDANTES EN BOSQUES DE MONTAÑA DEL SUR DE MÉXICO","authors":"Mauricio Tavera Carreño, N. Ramírez-Marcial, M. González-Espinosa, D. N. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.3","url":null,"abstract":"Los bosques de montana del sur de Mexico albergan una alta riqueza de especies, sin embargo estos sistemas se encuentran seriamente alterados por influencia humana. El efecto de los disturbios humanos afecta diferencialmente a las especies con base en sus atributos morfo-funcionales para responder efectivamente a las presiones ambientales. En toda comunidad biologica se desarrollan especies que son muy abundantes y especies poco comunes o raras. Estas ultimas suelen considerarse mas vulnerables ante la transformacion de sus habitats debido a que generalmente tienen bajas densidades poblacionales, estan geograficamente restringidas y se encuentran en habitats especificos. Para probar esta nocion, se evaluo la respuesta funcional de especies arboreas raras y abundantes en los bosques de montana de la Altiplanicie Central, Montanas del Norte y Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Se eligieron cinco rasgos funcionales que reflejan una asociacion con la captura de recursos, crecimiento y regeneracion de las especies (tamano del arbol, area foliar, tipo de diaspora, mecanismo de dispersion y afinidad sucesional). Un analisis de clasificacion basado en la similitud de rasgos funcionales y distribucion mostro que las especies consideradas raras se agrupan en tipos funcionales claramente discernibles de un grupo de especies comunes. El conjunto de especies registradas como raras corresponden a arboles de talla pequena y crecimiento lento, tolerantes a la sombra, producen frutos drupaceos con dispersion zoocora (aves y mamiferos pequenos) y tienen afinidad sucesional tardia. Lo anterior reconoce los riesgos de la transformacion de los bosques sobre estas especies poco comunes y aboga en favor de su conservacion.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.7
Y. G. Vázquez-Fuentes, D. L. Quiroz-García, J. S. Acosta-Castellanos, R. Fernández-Nava
espanolRESUMEN: Se realizo el analisis palinologico de tres muestras de miel de Apis mellifera provenientes de tres localidades del estado de Morelos. Las muestras se procesaron siguiendo la tecnica de acetololisis de Erdtman levemente modificada. Se identificaron 23 tipos polinicos pertenecientes a 18 familias, de los cuales ocho presentan porcentajes mayores al 10% a mencionar: Arracacia sp. (Apiaceae); Asteraceae tipo 1 y tipo 2; Brassica sp. y tipo 1 (Brassicaceae); Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae; Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) y Lopezia sp. (Onagraceae). Las familias mejor representadas fueron: Asteraceae y Brassicaceae. Plantas arvenses y ruderales del estrato herbaceo fueron las mas importantes. Se determino que dos de las mieles analizadas fueron monoflorales y una fue multifloral. EnglishABSTRACT: The analysis palynological of three samples of honey produced by Apis mellifera in three localities of the State of Morelos was made. The samples were processed according to the technique of Erdtman´s acetolysis slightly modified. We identified 23 pollen types from 18 families, of which eight are percentages higher than 10% mention: Arracacia sp. (Apiaceae); Asteraceae type 1 and type 2; Brassica sp. and type 1 (Brassicaceae); Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae; Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) and Lopezia sp. (Onagraceae). The best represented families were: Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. Weed plants and ruderal herbaceous stratum were the most important. It was determined that two of the analyzed honeys were monofloral and one was multifloral.
{"title":"ANÁLISIS PALINOLÓGICO DE MIELES DE Apis mellifera L. (APIDAE), ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO","authors":"Y. G. Vázquez-Fuentes, D. L. Quiroz-García, J. S. Acosta-Castellanos, R. Fernández-Nava","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.7","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN: Se realizo el analisis palinologico de tres muestras de miel de Apis mellifera provenientes de tres localidades del estado de Morelos. Las muestras se procesaron siguiendo la tecnica de acetololisis de Erdtman levemente modificada. Se identificaron 23 tipos polinicos pertenecientes a 18 familias, de los cuales ocho presentan porcentajes mayores al 10% a mencionar: Arracacia sp. (Apiaceae); Asteraceae tipo 1 y tipo 2; Brassica sp. y tipo 1 (Brassicaceae); Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae; Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) y Lopezia sp. (Onagraceae). Las familias mejor representadas fueron: Asteraceae y Brassicaceae. Plantas arvenses y ruderales del estrato herbaceo fueron las mas importantes. Se determino que dos de las mieles analizadas fueron monoflorales y una fue multifloral. EnglishABSTRACT: The analysis palynological of three samples of honey produced by Apis mellifera in three localities of the State of Morelos was made. The samples were processed according to the technique of Erdtman´s acetolysis slightly modified. We identified 23 pollen types from 18 families, of which eight are percentages higher than 10% mention: Arracacia sp. (Apiaceae); Asteraceae type 1 and type 2; Brassica sp. and type 1 (Brassicaceae); Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae; Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) and Lopezia sp. (Onagraceae). The best represented families were: Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. Weed plants and ruderal herbaceous stratum were the most important. It was determined that two of the analyzed honeys were monofloral and one was multifloral.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.2
S. Romero-Rangel, E. C. Rojas-Zenteno
The vegetative morphological variability of the Quercus subgenus has been the subject of a significant number of studies for the definition of diagnostic taxonomic characters; however, information on the characteristics of the flowers of the Mexican species is very scarce; so this work aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of Quercus through the study of the male floral morphology of ten species (Q. crassifolia, Q. crassipes, Q. dysophylla, Q. frutex, Q. hintonii, Q hypoxantha, Q. jonesii, Q. laurina, Q. obtusata and Q. repanda). Specimens collected by the authors and contained in the herbaria ARIZ, ENCB, IEB and MEXU were studied. Characteristics of the inflorescences, perianth and stamens were observed and recorded. The descriptions of the flowers were elaborated, photographs were obtained and a comparative table was made of the species with the characters considered diagnostic. The characters that provided taxonomic information for the delimitation of the species were: length of the inflorescence, number of flowers per inflorescence, presence or absence of floral peduncle, size of perianth, number of stamens, size of the filaments and anthers and presence or absence of the apical appendix.
{"title":"ASPECTOS TAXONÓMICOS DE LA MORFOLOGÍA FLORAL MASCULINA DE Quercus (FAGACEAE) EN MÉXICO","authors":"S. Romero-Rangel, E. C. Rojas-Zenteno","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.2","url":null,"abstract":"The vegetative morphological variability of the Quercus subgenus has been the subject of a significant number of studies for the definition of diagnostic taxonomic characters; however, information on the characteristics of the flowers of the Mexican species is very scarce; so this work aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of Quercus through the study of the male floral morphology of ten species (Q. crassifolia, Q. crassipes, Q. dysophylla, Q. frutex, Q. hintonii, Q hypoxantha, Q. jonesii, Q. laurina, Q. obtusata and Q. repanda). Specimens collected by the authors and contained in the herbaria ARIZ, ENCB, IEB and MEXU were studied. Characteristics of the inflorescences, perianth and stamens were observed and recorded. The descriptions of the flowers were elaborated, photographs were obtained and a comparative table was made of the species with the characters considered diagnostic. The characters that provided taxonomic information for the delimitation of the species were: length of the inflorescence, number of flowers per inflorescence, presence or absence of floral peduncle, size of perianth, number of stamens, size of the filaments and anthers and presence or absence of the apical appendix.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46077304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.6
B. J. Ballesteros-Montiel, M. L. Arreguín-Sánchez, R. Fernández-Nava, D. L. Quiroz-García
espanolRESUMEN: Se describe el desarrollo del protalo y del esporofito joven de Pteris quadriaurita Retz. Los especimenes fueron recolectados en un bosque mesofilo de montana en Tototla, municipio de Xochicoatlan, estado de Hidalgo, Mexico. Las esporas fueron sembradas en frascos de vidrio de 125 ml con ceramica (barro molido), piedra de rio, tela de mosquitero y tres soportes de cultivo (tierra, maquique y musgo), todo previamente esterilizado y cerrado con plastico y alambre de cobre. El ciclo fue isosporico con desarrollo del protalo tipo Ceratopteris. Los gametofitos fueron unisexuados masculinos, unisexuados femeninos y pocos bisexuados. Los esporofitos apogamicos se obtuvieron a los 231 dias en musgo y maquique, mientras que en tierra de hoja no se formaron. EnglishABSTRACT: The development of the prothalus and the young sporophyte of Pteris quadriaurita Retz. are described. Studied material was collected in a cloud forest in Tototla, Xochicoatlan municipality, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The spores were sown in glass vessel of 125 ml prepared in the following manner: the glasses were layered with ceramic, river stone, mosquito net and three natural substrates (plant litter, maquique and moss) all previously sterilized and enclosed in plastic bag tied with copper wire. The cycle proved to be isosporeus with prothallial development corresponding to the Ceratopteris type. The gametophytes were only male, only female and few hermaphrodites. Young sporophytes were apogamous obtained around 231 days after sowing in moss and maquique, in plant litter, they were nor development.
{"title":"DESCRIPCIÓN DEL DESARROLLO MORFOGÉNICO DE LOS PRÓTALOS Y ESPORÓFITOS JOVENES DE Pteris quadriaurita RETZ. (PTERIDACEAE-POLYPODIIDAE) EN TRES SOPORTES NATURALES","authors":"B. J. Ballesteros-Montiel, M. L. Arreguín-Sánchez, R. Fernández-Nava, D. L. Quiroz-García","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.6","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN: Se describe el desarrollo del protalo y del esporofito joven de Pteris quadriaurita Retz. Los especimenes fueron recolectados en un bosque mesofilo de montana en Tototla, municipio de Xochicoatlan, estado de Hidalgo, Mexico. Las esporas fueron sembradas en frascos de vidrio de 125 ml con ceramica (barro molido), piedra de rio, tela de mosquitero y tres soportes de cultivo (tierra, maquique y musgo), todo previamente esterilizado y cerrado con plastico y alambre de cobre. El ciclo fue isosporico con desarrollo del protalo tipo Ceratopteris. Los gametofitos fueron unisexuados masculinos, unisexuados femeninos y pocos bisexuados. Los esporofitos apogamicos se obtuvieron a los 231 dias en musgo y maquique, mientras que en tierra de hoja no se formaron. EnglishABSTRACT: The development of the prothalus and the young sporophyte of Pteris quadriaurita Retz. are described. Studied material was collected in a cloud forest in Tototla, Xochicoatlan municipality, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The spores were sown in glass vessel of 125 ml prepared in the following manner: the glasses were layered with ceramic, river stone, mosquito net and three natural substrates (plant litter, maquique and moss) all previously sterilized and enclosed in plastic bag tied with copper wire. The cycle proved to be isosporeus with prothallial development corresponding to the Ceratopteris type. The gametophytes were only male, only female and few hermaphrodites. Young sporophytes were apogamous obtained around 231 days after sowing in moss and maquique, in plant litter, they were nor development.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47807399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.15
G. Maldonado-Bernabé, A. Chacalo-Hilu, I. Nava-Bolaños, R. M. Meza-Paredes, A. Y. Zaragoza-Hernández.
espanolRESUMEN: Las areas verdes urbanas (AVU) tienen un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad urbana debido a los diversos beneficios ambientales y sociales que prestan, es por ello que toda ciudad que pretenda ser moderna, segura, incluyente y sustentable debe garantizar el acceso y disponibilidad de estos espacios para sus habitantes (Procuraduria Ambiental y de Ordenamiento Territorial, 2010). La ciudad de Mexico se promueve como una ciudad en transito a la sostenibilidad por lo que ha puesto en marcha distintos planes y acciones enfocados al cuidado ambiental, dentro de los que se encuentran las AVU. Debido a esto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal comparar, usando sistemas de informacion geografica (SIG) y censos poblacionales de INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia), la superficie de AVU existentes en dos alcaldias de la ciudad entre 1990 y 2015. La informacion de INEGI se utilizo para conocer la situacion social de cada alcaldia en las fechas de estudio. Los resultados muestran que, si bien, las brechas sociales han disminuido en este periodo, existen grandes diferencias en la superficie y calidad de AVU entre ambas alcaldias, por lo que el objetivo de ser una ciudad ambientalmente sustentable aun no se cumple en la CDMX. EnglishABSTRACT: The urban green areas (AVU) have a fundamental role in urban sustainability due to the diverse environmental and social benefits that they provide, that is why every city that pretends to be modern, safe, inclusive and sustainable must guarantee the access and availability of these spaces for its inhabitants (Procuraduria Ambiental y de Ordenamiento Territorial, 2010). Mexico City is promoted as a city in transit to sustainability, which is why it has launched various plans and actions focused on environmental care, including the AVU. Due to this, the main objective of this study was to compare, using geographic information systems (GIS) and population censuses of INEGI (National Institute of Statistics and Geography), the area of AVU existing in two city halls of the city between 1990 and 2015 The INEGI information was used to know the social situation of each mayor's office on the study dates. The results show that, although social gaps have decreased in this period, there are large differences in the surface and quality of AVU between both municipalities, so the goal of being an environmentally sustainable city is not yet met in the CDMX.
{"title":"CAMBIOS EN LA SUPERFICIE DE ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS EN DOS ALCALDÍAS DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO ENTRE 1990-2015","authors":"G. Maldonado-Bernabé, A. Chacalo-Hilu, I. Nava-Bolaños, R. M. Meza-Paredes, A. Y. Zaragoza-Hernández.","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.15","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN: Las areas verdes urbanas (AVU) tienen un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad urbana debido a los diversos beneficios ambientales y sociales que prestan, es por ello que toda ciudad que pretenda ser moderna, segura, incluyente y sustentable debe garantizar el acceso y disponibilidad de estos espacios para sus habitantes (Procuraduria Ambiental y de Ordenamiento Territorial, 2010). La ciudad de Mexico se promueve como una ciudad en transito a la sostenibilidad por lo que ha puesto en marcha distintos planes y acciones enfocados al cuidado ambiental, dentro de los que se encuentran las AVU. Debido a esto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal comparar, usando sistemas de informacion geografica (SIG) y censos poblacionales de INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia), la superficie de AVU existentes en dos alcaldias de la ciudad entre 1990 y 2015. La informacion de INEGI se utilizo para conocer la situacion social de cada alcaldia en las fechas de estudio. Los resultados muestran que, si bien, las brechas sociales han disminuido en este periodo, existen grandes diferencias en la superficie y calidad de AVU entre ambas alcaldias, por lo que el objetivo de ser una ciudad ambientalmente sustentable aun no se cumple en la CDMX. EnglishABSTRACT: The urban green areas (AVU) have a fundamental role in urban sustainability due to the diverse environmental and social benefits that they provide, that is why every city that pretends to be modern, safe, inclusive and sustainable must guarantee the access and availability of these spaces for its inhabitants (Procuraduria Ambiental y de Ordenamiento Territorial, 2010). Mexico City is promoted as a city in transit to sustainability, which is why it has launched various plans and actions focused on environmental care, including the AVU. Due to this, the main objective of this study was to compare, using geographic information systems (GIS) and population censuses of INEGI (National Institute of Statistics and Geography), the area of AVU existing in two city halls of the city between 1990 and 2015 The INEGI information was used to know the social situation of each mayor's office on the study dates. The results show that, although social gaps have decreased in this period, there are large differences in the surface and quality of AVU between both municipalities, so the goal of being an environmentally sustainable city is not yet met in the CDMX.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49401940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.13
T. Rodríguez-López, J. Martínez-Castillo
espanolRESUMEN: Mexico es senalado como el area donde se inicio el cultivo de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) a partir de poblaciones silvestres, siendo la region Totonaca del norte de Veracruz el area mas probable. Trabajos antropologicos, senalan que los grupos mayas ubicados en la region cultural denominada Tierras Bajas Mayas conocian esta orquidea, nombrandola Sisbic. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre el conocimiento, uso y manejo de la vainilla por los pueblos mayas actuales. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue recopilar el conocimiento y uso actual de la vainilla en 31 localidades de Yucatan y Quintana Roo pertenecientes a las Tierras Bajas Mayas reconocidas por la extraccion del chicle. Se aplico una encuesta a 130 parteras, el 48% de ellas reconocen a la vainilla con 11 nombres vernaculos entre los que destacan el termino Sisbic y cuatro usos principales: medicinal, ritual, perfume y saborizante. Dentro del uso medicinal, se reporto para atender 10 padecimientos, entre ellos, acelerar el parto, infecciones, depresion, dolor de cabeza, tambien se reporto el uso como planta ritual para elaborar una bebida usada por los H-menes y para adornos ceremoniales. EnglishABSTRACT: Mexico is designated as the area where the cultivation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) began from wild populations, with the Totonaca region of northern Veracruz being the most likely area. Anthropological works, indicate that the Mayan groups located in the cultural region denominated Mayan Lowlands knew this orchid, naming it Sisbic. However, there are no studies on the knowledge, use and management of vanilla by the current Mayan peoples. The objective of this research was to collect the knowledge and current use of vanilla in 31localities of Yucatan and Quintana Roo belonging to the Maya Lowlands recognized in the extraction of chewing gum. A survey was applied to 130 midwives, 48% of them recognize vanilla with eleven vernacular names, among which the term Sisbic stands out and four main uses: medicinal, ritual, perfume and flavoring. Within the medicinal use, it was reported to treat ten conditions, among them; accelerate childbirth, infections, depression, headache, also reported use as a ritual plant to make a drink used by the H-men's and for ornaments.
{"title":"EXPLORACIÓN ACTUAL SOBRE EL CONOCIMIENTO Y USO DE LA VAINILLA (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) EN LAS TIERRAS BAJAS MAYAS DEL NORTE, YUCATÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"T. Rodríguez-López, J. Martínez-Castillo","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.13","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRESUMEN: Mexico es senalado como el area donde se inicio el cultivo de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) a partir de poblaciones silvestres, siendo la region Totonaca del norte de Veracruz el area mas probable. Trabajos antropologicos, senalan que los grupos mayas ubicados en la region cultural denominada Tierras Bajas Mayas conocian esta orquidea, nombrandola Sisbic. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre el conocimiento, uso y manejo de la vainilla por los pueblos mayas actuales. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue recopilar el conocimiento y uso actual de la vainilla en 31 localidades de Yucatan y Quintana Roo pertenecientes a las Tierras Bajas Mayas reconocidas por la extraccion del chicle. Se aplico una encuesta a 130 parteras, el 48% de ellas reconocen a la vainilla con 11 nombres vernaculos entre los que destacan el termino Sisbic y cuatro usos principales: medicinal, ritual, perfume y saborizante. Dentro del uso medicinal, se reporto para atender 10 padecimientos, entre ellos, acelerar el parto, infecciones, depresion, dolor de cabeza, tambien se reporto el uso como planta ritual para elaborar una bebida usada por los H-menes y para adornos ceremoniales. EnglishABSTRACT: Mexico is designated as the area where the cultivation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) began from wild populations, with the Totonaca region of northern Veracruz being the most likely area. Anthropological works, indicate that the Mayan groups located in the cultural region denominated Mayan Lowlands knew this orchid, naming it Sisbic. However, there are no studies on the knowledge, use and management of vanilla by the current Mayan peoples. The objective of this research was to collect the knowledge and current use of vanilla in 31localities of Yucatan and Quintana Roo belonging to the Maya Lowlands recognized in the extraction of chewing gum. A survey was applied to 130 midwives, 48% of them recognize vanilla with eleven vernacular names, among which the term Sisbic stands out and four main uses: medicinal, ritual, perfume and flavoring. Within the medicinal use, it was reported to treat ten conditions, among them; accelerate childbirth, infections, depression, headache, also reported use as a ritual plant to make a drink used by the H-men's and for ornaments.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.5
E. Loeza-Torres, I. Frutis-Molina.
{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA MATA MICELIAL DE Scutellinia scutellata \u0000(L.: Fr.) Lamb.","authors":"E. Loeza-Torres, I. Frutis-Molina.","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.48.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46817319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.4
E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, B. Schmook
Structural characteristics and dominance patterns in mangroves have been linked to environmental, anthropogenic and ecophysiological factors. The Soconusco on the southern coast of the Mexican Pacific is an environmentally heterogeneous region, with high availability of freshwater and different degrees of E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, y B. Schmook HETEROGENEIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DEL MANGLAR COMO RESPUESTA A FACTORES AMBIENTALES Y ANTRÓPICOS EN EL SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO. STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY OF MANGROVES AS A RESPONSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPIC FACTORS IN SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO. Instituto Politécnico Nacional Núm. 47: 39-58. Enero 2019 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.47.4 Núm. 47: 39-58 Enero 2019 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 41 impact. The goal of this study was to analyze the mangrove groups, including their structure and dominance pattern under the influence of eight environmental factors (salinity, flood level, pH, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, and content of organic matter 0-30 cm, 0-60 cm). The characteristic physical features and caused by the impact were described for each group. Mangrove structure was evaluated considering a forest inventory conducted in 40 sampling units (300 m). Density of live and standing dead trees, stumps and seedlings was estimated for 1ha. The dominance for each species was determined using the relative Importance Value. The identification of groups was carried out with ordination and classification routines. The species with the highest Importance Values were Rhizophora mangle (29.68%) and Laguncularia racemosa (27.33%). Comparatively, the general structure of mangroves in Soconusco in terms of density (2 792 steams ha), basal area (36.5 mha) and height (15.5 m) is greater than in other areas of the Mexican Pacific coast. Classification of vegetation data, based on the Relative Importance Value Index, defined five mangrove groups. Outstanding is the presence of a community dominated by Pachira aquatica. The highest density of trees and stumps was recorded in Conocarpus erectus grouping, while the highest density of seedlings was in Avicennia germinans grouping. 86.3% of sampled trees present ≤ 17.7cm diameter at breast height. The variables that correlate significantly with the axis 2 of the ordination biplot were organic matter (30-60 cm), salinity and flood level. Canonical Discriminant Analysis corroborated the differences between mangrove groups, with the first two canonical axes explaining 89.05% of the variation in the data. The community composition varied associated with physical and environmental conditions, and were structurally defined by basal area, crown diameter, height and density, as well as by factors that can be associated with an anthropic impact such as stump and seedling densities. It is recommended to consider the characteristics of each mangrove group to plan their management.
红树林的结构特征和优势格局与环境、人为和生态生理因素有关。墨西哥太平洋南部海岸的Soconusco是一个环境异质性地区，淡水资源丰富，e.i. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, y . B. Schmook HETEROGENEIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DEL MANGLAR COMO RESPUESTA A FACTORES AMBIENTALES y ANTRÓPICOS EN EL Soconusco, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO。墨西哥恰帕斯州soconusco红树林结构异质性对环境和人为因素的响应。国立政治学院Núm。47: 39-58。Enero 2019 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.47.4 Núm。47: 39-58 Enero 2019 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 41 impact。本研究旨在分析8个环境因子(盐度、洪水位、pH、气温、土壤温度、相对湿度、0 ~ 30 cm、0 ~ 60 cm有机质含量)对红树林类群的结构和优势格局的影响。描述了每一组的特征物理特征和影响的原因。考虑到在40个采样单位(300米)进行的森林清查，对红树林结构进行了评估。估计了1公顷的活树和枯死树、树桩和幼苗的密度。利用相对重要值确定各物种的优势度。用排序和分类程序进行类群鉴定。重要值最高的种是根霉(29.68%)和总形拉霉(27.33%)。相比之下，Soconusco红树林的总体结构在密度(2 792蒸ha)、基底面积(36.5 mha)和高度(15.5 m)方面都大于墨西哥太平洋沿岸的其他地区。基于相对重要值指数的植被数据分类定义了五个红树林组。突出的是一个群落的存在，主要是水栖Pachira aquatica。树木和树桩密度以Conocarpus erectus组最高，幼苗密度以Avicennia germinans组最高。86.3%的样本树胸高直径≤17.7cm。与2轴相关的变量为有机质(30 ~ 60 cm)、盐度和洪水位。典型判别分析证实了红树林群体之间的差异，前两个典型轴解释了数据中89.05%的差异。群落组成随自然和环境条件的变化而变化，在结构上由基底面积、树冠直径、高度和密度以及树桩和幼苗密度等与人为影响相关的因素决定。建议考虑每个红树林群的特点来规划它们的管理。
{"title":"Structural heterogeneity of mangroves as a response of environmental and anthropic factors in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico","authors":"E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, B. Schmook","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.4","url":null,"abstract":"Structural characteristics and dominance patterns in mangroves have been linked to environmental, anthropogenic and ecophysiological factors. The Soconusco on the southern coast of the Mexican Pacific is an environmentally heterogeneous region, with high availability of freshwater and different degrees of E. I. Romero-Berny, C. Tovilla-Hernández, N. Torrescano-Valle, y B. Schmook HETEROGENEIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DEL MANGLAR COMO RESPUESTA A FACTORES AMBIENTALES Y ANTRÓPICOS EN EL SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO. STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY OF MANGROVES AS A RESPONSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPIC FACTORS IN SOCONUSCO, CHIAPAS, MEXICO. Instituto Politécnico Nacional Núm. 47: 39-58. Enero 2019 DOI: 10.18387/polibotanica.47.4 Núm. 47: 39-58 Enero 2019 ISSN electrónico: 2395-9525 41 impact. The goal of this study was to analyze the mangrove groups, including their structure and dominance pattern under the influence of eight environmental factors (salinity, flood level, pH, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, and content of organic matter 0-30 cm, 0-60 cm). The characteristic physical features and caused by the impact were described for each group. Mangrove structure was evaluated considering a forest inventory conducted in 40 sampling units (300 m). Density of live and standing dead trees, stumps and seedlings was estimated for 1ha. The dominance for each species was determined using the relative Importance Value. The identification of groups was carried out with ordination and classification routines. The species with the highest Importance Values were Rhizophora mangle (29.68%) and Laguncularia racemosa (27.33%). Comparatively, the general structure of mangroves in Soconusco in terms of density (2 792 steams ha), basal area (36.5 mha) and height (15.5 m) is greater than in other areas of the Mexican Pacific coast. Classification of vegetation data, based on the Relative Importance Value Index, defined five mangrove groups. Outstanding is the presence of a community dominated by Pachira aquatica. The highest density of trees and stumps was recorded in Conocarpus erectus grouping, while the highest density of seedlings was in Avicennia germinans grouping. 86.3% of sampled trees present ≤ 17.7cm diameter at breast height. The variables that correlate significantly with the axis 2 of the ordination biplot were organic matter (30-60 cm), salinity and flood level. Canonical Discriminant Analysis corroborated the differences between mangrove groups, with the first two canonical axes explaining 89.05% of the variation in the data. The community composition varied associated with physical and environmental conditions, and were structurally defined by basal area, crown diameter, height and density, as well as by factors that can be associated with an anthropic impact such as stump and seedling densities. It is recommended to consider the characteristics of each mangrove group to plan their management.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67978841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.7
M. G. Ramírez-Aragón, V. J. Borroel-García, L. Salas-Pérez, J. D. López-Martínez, M. A. Gallegos-Robles, H. I. Trejo-Escareño
El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar el contenido de acido rosmarinico (AR), compuestos fenolicos totales (CFT) y capacidad antioxidante equivalente en Trolox (CAET) en tres variedades de albahaca ( Ocimum basilicum L.) aplicando dosis diferentes de potasio en solucion nutritiva (7, 9, 11 y 13 mmol L -1 ). Se utilizo un diseno factorial 3 X 4 en bloques al azar, donde los factores fueron genotipo y concentracion de potasio. Todas las variables analizadas presentaron diferencia significativa ( p ≤ 0.01). El contenido de AR estuvo presente en un rango de 0.4 a 6.4 mg AR g -1 . Se obtuvieron valores de 1.8 a 15.6 mg AGE g -1 para el contenido de CFT. Los resultados obtenidos de CAET fueron de 39 a 79.9 mg g -1 y estos valores se incrementaron en relacion al contenido de acido rosmarinico y compuestos fenolicos totales. La variedad con mayor contenido de acido rosmarinico, fenolicos totales y capacidad antioxidante fue Red Rubin a 13 mmol L -1 . El manejo de dosis de K en diferentes variedades de albahaca favorece la sintesis de metabolitos secundarios importantes para diferentes areas de ciencia, por lo que el incremento de la produccion de albahaca y de su calidad nutraceutica podria ser una alternativa para abrir nuevos mercados enfocados a la industria alimentaria y medicinal.
本研究的目的是测定三个罗勒品种（罗勒）中迷迭香酸（AR）、总酚类化合物（CFT）的含量和Trolox的等效抗氧化能力。在营养液（7、9、11和13 mmol L-1）中施用不同剂量的钾。在随机分组中使用3×4因子设计，其中因子是基因型和钾浓度。所有分析的变量都有显著差异（P≤0.01）。AR含量在0.4至6.4 mg AR G-1之间。CFT含量的值为1.8至15.6 mg AGE G-1。从CAET获得的结果为39至79.9 mg g-1，这些值与迷迭香酸和总酚类化合物的含量相比有所增加。迷迭香酸、总酚含量和抗氧化能力最高的品种是13mmol L-1的红色鲁宾。不同罗勒品种中K的剂量管理有利于合成对不同科学领域重要的次生代谢物，因此增加罗勒的产量及其营养品质可能是为食品和药品工业开辟新市场的替代方案。
{"title":"ÁCIDO ROSMARÍNICO, FENÓLICOS TOTALES Y CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE EN TRES VARIEDADES DE Ocimum basilicum L. CON DIFERENTES DOSIS DE POTASIO.","authors":"M. G. Ramírez-Aragón, V. J. Borroel-García, L. Salas-Pérez, J. D. López-Martínez, M. A. Gallegos-Robles, H. I. Trejo-Escareño","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.7","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar el contenido de acido rosmarinico (AR), compuestos fenolicos totales (CFT) y capacidad antioxidante equivalente en Trolox (CAET) en tres variedades de albahaca ( Ocimum basilicum L.) aplicando dosis diferentes de potasio en solucion nutritiva (7, 9, 11 y 13 mmol L -1 ). Se utilizo un diseno factorial 3 X 4 en bloques al azar, donde los factores fueron genotipo y concentracion de potasio. Todas las variables analizadas presentaron diferencia significativa ( p ≤ 0.01). El contenido de AR estuvo presente en un rango de 0.4 a 6.4 mg AR g -1 . Se obtuvieron valores de 1.8 a 15.6 mg AGE g -1 para el contenido de CFT. Los resultados obtenidos de CAET fueron de 39 a 79.9 mg g -1 y estos valores se incrementaron en relacion al contenido de acido rosmarinico y compuestos fenolicos totales. La variedad con mayor contenido de acido rosmarinico, fenolicos totales y capacidad antioxidante fue Red Rubin a 13 mmol L -1 . El manejo de dosis de K en diferentes variedades de albahaca favorece la sintesis de metabolitos secundarios importantes para diferentes areas de ciencia, por lo que el incremento de la produccion de albahaca y de su calidad nutraceutica podria ser una alternativa para abrir nuevos mercados enfocados a la industria alimentaria y medicinal.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45086052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.10
Sonia Yesenia Silva-Belmares
Solanum marginatum belong to the family of Solanaceae, is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine. However, their properties have not been evaluated; so that in this study we tested some biological activities of a protein fraction of S. marginatum . For this, proteins were extracted from S. marginatum leaves, a protein fraction isolated by FPLC, protein content quantified by BCA method, an enzyme activity assay performed by Kunitz method, protein sub-fractions were identified by SDS-PAGE. The ability to capture radicals was determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods. The toxic effect was assessed with the A. salina assay while cell viability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was tested by MTT method. Isolation of PF-FPLC was carried out at Rt = 2.13 min, further, separated and identified seven subfractions with molecular weights ranging from 18-112 kDa, while the optimal conditions of enzymatic activity were 37 ° C, pH 7 and 120 min. The ABTS and DPPH methods showed a radical capture percentage of 20 and 62 % respectively.PF-FPLC proteins had no toxic effect in A. salina , however, displayed a low antimicrobial effect (inhibition ≤ 35%) as well as an effect on the cellular viability of PBMC.
{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÒN PARCIAL DE UNA FRACCIÓN PROTEICA POTENCIALMENTE BIOACTIVA DE Solanum marginatum L. f.","authors":"Sonia Yesenia Silva-Belmares","doi":"10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18387/POLIBOTANICA.47.10","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum marginatum belong to the family of Solanaceae, is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine. However, their properties have not been evaluated; so that in this study we tested some biological activities of a protein fraction of S. marginatum . For this, proteins were extracted from S. marginatum leaves, a protein fraction isolated by FPLC, protein content quantified by BCA method, an enzyme activity assay performed by Kunitz method, protein sub-fractions were identified by SDS-PAGE. The ability to capture radicals was determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods. The toxic effect was assessed with the A. salina assay while cell viability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was tested by MTT method. Isolation of PF-FPLC was carried out at Rt = 2.13 min, further, separated and identified seven subfractions with molecular weights ranging from 18-112 kDa, while the optimal conditions of enzymatic activity were 37 ° C, pH 7 and 120 min. The ABTS and DPPH methods showed a radical capture percentage of 20 and 62 % respectively.PF-FPLC proteins had no toxic effect in A. salina , however, displayed a low antimicrobial effect (inhibition ≤ 35%) as well as an effect on the cellular viability of PBMC.","PeriodicalId":30046,"journal":{"name":"Polibotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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