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The impact of psychological pricing and sales promotion activities on impulse purchases of clothing in retail stores: Research on consumer behavior in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 心理定价和促销活动对零售商店服装冲动购买的影响:塞尔维亚和波黑消费者行为研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2204243m
Jelena Matanović, Stefan Klačar, Boris Popov
The impact of psychological pricing and sales promotion activities on impulse purchases of clothing in retail stores: research on consumer behavior in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between psychological pricing and impulsive buying, as well as the tendency towards impulsive buying and the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The two methods of psychological pricing used in this research are: odd prices and promotions and discounts. Impulsive buying is defined as a purchase in which the consumer gets a sudden, often very strong and lasting desire to buy something immediately. The sample consisted of 343 respondents, the battery of tests consisted of: Questionnaire for examining the influence of different methods of psychological pricing on consumer decision-making and behavior, Impulsive buying tendency scale and Questionnaire for examining data on demographic characteristics of respondents. The results showed that promotions and price discounts as a method of psychological pricing have a statistically significant effect on the tendency towards impulsive buying. Also, it was concluded that women are more inclined to impulsive buying of clothing items compared to men. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between respondents of different levels of personal income, satisfaction with personal income and level of education in the tendency towards impulsive buying.
心理定价和促销活动对零售商店服装冲动购买的影响:塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那消费者行为研究本研究的目的是确定心理定价与冲动购买之间的关系,以及冲动购买倾向和受访者的人口统计学特征。本研究中使用的两种心理定价方法是:奇数价和促销折扣。冲动性购买被定义为消费者突然,通常是非常强烈和持久的购买欲望,立即购买某种东西。样本由343名受访者组成,测试包括:调查不同心理定价方法对消费者决策和行为的影响的问卷,冲动购买倾向量表和调查受访者人口统计学特征数据的问卷。结果表明,促销和价格折扣作为一种心理定价方法,对冲动购买倾向有统计学上显著的影响。此外,研究还得出结论,与男性相比,女性更倾向于冲动购买服装。结果显示,不同个人收入水平、个人收入满意度和受教育程度的被调查者在冲动购买倾向方面没有统计学差异。
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引用次数: 0
Media brands and the sustainability of local media in Serbia 媒体品牌与塞尔维亚地方媒体的可持续性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2203183m
S. Mitić, G. Ognjanov
This paper presents an analysis of media business models based on brand development and its implementation by the local media outlets in Serbia. The main purpose is to better understand the development of media brands and the importance of media branding while identifying further directions for media sustainability in the dynamic and fast-changing competitive environment. The aim of the paper is to shed light on the specifics of media brands, media brand architecture, and brand strategies, as well as on the main trends in the industry. We base our analysis on the premise that the development and adequate management of media brands make an important driver of media sustainability. Thus, we propose relevant guidelines for media brand management for assuring media sustainability. The results of descriptive, qualitative research of 16 local media in Serbia are presented in the empirical part of the paper. In the discussion we argue that despite many limitations they have been facing on Serbian media market the observed media outlets with just one exception have recognized the importance of branding and have by now focused primarily on use of various extension brand strategies for sustainable business development.
本文分析了塞尔维亚地方媒体基于品牌发展的媒体商业模式及其实施。主要目的是更好地了解媒体品牌的发展和媒体品牌的重要性,同时确定媒体在动态和快速变化的竞争环境中可持续发展的进一步方向。本文的目的是阐明媒体品牌、媒体品牌架构和品牌战略的具体特点,以及行业的主要趋势。我们的分析基于这样一个前提,即媒体品牌的发展和适当的管理是媒体可持续发展的重要驱动力。因此,我们提出了媒体品牌管理的相关指导方针,以确保媒体的可持续性。本文的实证部分介绍了对塞尔维亚16家地方媒体进行描述性、定性研究的结果。在讨论中,我们认为,尽管在塞尔维亚媒体市场上面临许多限制,但除了一个例外,观察到的媒体机构已经认识到品牌的重要性,并且现在主要集中于使用各种扩展品牌战略来促进可持续的业务发展。
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引用次数: 0
Gender representations in advertising narratives in the Republic of Serbia 塞尔维亚共和国广告叙事中的性别表现
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2204252o
Marija Ocokoljić
Perceptions of gender roles are a result of socialization processes happening under the influence of diverse cultural factors. One of the strongest shaping forces in that context are mass media, and within them, advertising. In the executed research it is treated as a domain actively participating in the creation of cultural gender normative. Key research question is focused on gender representations in advertising. An ad is treated as a cultural text transferring not only commercial, but also wider cultural meanings. Content analysis applied to the selected advertising content broadcasted in the Republic of Serbia showed that quantitatively larger representation and visibility of women does not necessarily mean their actual greater significance. Some traditional patterns are changing. Other however are persisting. In areas like family, household and children care, advertising practices are evolving. More content shows both genders working together (caring for children, preparing food etc.). Men are represented as more active participants of family life. On the other hand, traditional pattern of representing women in the context of the body, beauty, physique is not changing much. They are more frequently in decorative and passive roles which is a dimension of representation nonexistent with men.
性别角色观是在多种文化因素影响下发生的社会化过程的结果。在这种情况下,最强大的塑造力量之一是大众媒体,其中包括广告。在执行研究中,它被视为一个积极参与文化性别规范创造的领域。主要研究问题集中在广告中的性别表现。广告被视为一种文化文本,它传递的不仅仅是商业意义,还有更广泛的文化意义。对在塞尔维亚共和国播放的选定广告内容进行的内容分析表明,在数量上妇女的代表性和知名度较高并不一定意味着她们的实际意义更大。一些传统模式正在改变。然而,其他人却在坚持。在家庭、家庭和儿童护理等领域,广告的做法正在发生变化。更多的内容显示两性一起工作(照顾孩子,准备食物等)。男性更积极地参与家庭生活。另一方面,传统的模式在代表女性身体、美貌、体质的语境中并没有太大的变化。她们更多地扮演着装饰性和被动的角色这是男性所不存在的表征维度。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived services quality in private healthcare institutions 对私营医疗机构服务质量的感知
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2203215k
Nevena Kljajić
One of the regular activities in the developed countries of the world is an evaluation of the degree of healthcare sector services qualities, as perceived by the patients. This evaluation has been carried out in regular time spans and many methods are being used to measure the degree of certain services' quality increase, as well as to spot certain downsides that need to be improved in a timely manner. Unfortunately, measuring the healthcare sector services quality, regarding both the state and the private one, is not sufficiently present. The concept of marketing in the healthcare institutions business is not particularly developed, especially regarding public healthcare institutions. Unlike state healthcare institutions, private healthcare institutions have become aware of the great necessity of implementing both internal and external marketing modes in business, with the ultimate goal being reflected in a better customer experience and in the creation of long-term loyalty. The work is based upon research among the citizens on the perceived quality of the provided healthcare services. By means of a comprehensive perception of the healthcare sector's state, the aim was to contrast the quality of the provided services in the private healthcare institutions to the same services provided by the state ones. Apart from the quality of services, another aim of the research was getting an insight into the level of the marketing conception utilization within the private healthcare institutions business, based upon the customer perception of the services' quality and its determinants, and the market orientation of the healthcare institutions, as well.
世界发达国家的一项经常性活动是评估病人所认为的保健部门服务质量的程度。这种评估是定期进行的,并使用了许多方法来衡量某些服务质量的提高程度,以及发现需要及时改进的某些缺点。不幸的是,衡量国家和私营医疗保健部门的服务质量还不够。市场营销在医疗机构业务中的概念不是特别发达,特别是对于公立医疗机构。与国家医疗机构不同,私营医疗机构已经意识到在业务中实施内部和外部营销模式的必要性,其最终目标是更好的客户体验和创造长期忠诚度。这项工作的基础是对公民对所提供保健服务的感知质量进行研究。通过对卫生保健部门状况的全面了解,目的是将私营卫生保健机构提供的服务质量与国家卫生保健机构提供的相同服务质量进行对比。除了服务质量之外,研究的另一个目的是根据客户对服务质量及其决定因素的看法,以及医疗机构的市场定位,深入了解私营医疗机构业务中营销概念利用的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the relationship between the characteristics of consumer personality, brand personality and consumer loyalty 消费者个性特征、品牌个性与消费者忠诚的关系研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2203171q
Suzana Đukić, J. Stanković
Modern marketing practice has shown that consumers are loyal to brands that are in line with their image and personal characteristics. Buying brands that reflect the personality and image of consumers allows consumers to articulate themselves and achieve the ideal of themselves. In that sense, if the brand image is more consistent with the image of the consumer's personality, they are more loyal to the brand because it meets the criteria of consumers in terms of what they think and feel about themselves. Therefore, brands in modern conditions become "personalities" whose characteristics should coincide with the personality characteristics of consumers who buy and own them, and especially with their personal image. Starting from the existing theoretical views, the aim of the author is to explore the relationships between brand personality, consumer personality and consumer loyalty to the brand. Empirical research will be realized on the example of brands of mobile phones and cars that are established on the market of the Republic of Serbia. The intention is to look at the relationship between personality characteristics and individual dimensions of the brand personality on the basis of the obtained empirical data, on the basis of which the direct and indirect connection of these variables with consumer loyalty will be identified. Based on the identified relations between the examined variables, it will be possible to compare with the results of existing research and formulate recommendations necessary for modern brand management. The results of theoretical and empirical research will be the basis for further research that will be based on the inclusion of additional variables that will allow a more relevant analysis of the relationships between the studied variables.
现代营销实践表明,消费者对符合其形象和个人特征的品牌是忠诚的。购买反映消费者个性和形象的品牌,可以让消费者表达自己,实现自己的理想。从这个意义上说,如果品牌形象更符合消费者的个性形象,他们对品牌的忠诚度就会更高,因为它符合消费者对自己的看法和感受的标准。因此,现代条件下的品牌成为“人格”,其特征应与购买和拥有品牌的消费者的人格特征相吻合,尤其是与消费者的个人形象相吻合。本文从已有的理论观点出发,探讨品牌个性、消费者个性与消费者对品牌的忠诚度之间的关系。实证研究将以塞尔维亚共和国市场上建立的手机和汽车品牌为例进行。目的是在获得的经验数据的基础上,研究人格特征与品牌个性的个体维度之间的关系,并在此基础上确定这些变量与消费者忠诚度的直接和间接联系。根据所检查的变量之间确定的关系,将有可能与现有研究的结果进行比较,并制定现代品牌管理所需的建议。理论和实证研究的结果将成为进一步研究的基础,进一步研究将以纳入更多的变量为基础,以便对所研究变量之间的关系进行更相关的分析。
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引用次数: 0
The role of internal marketing in employees' organizational identification 内部营销在员工组织认同中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2201012m
V. Milanovic, Andrea Bučalina-Matić, Katarina Njegić
In this paper, we have tried to present the role of internal marketing (IM) in employees' organizational identification (OI) based on the review and analysis of relevant empirical studies that were published in the period from 2009 to the present. The analysis showed that IM has a significant role in increasing employees' OI (the direct impact). The impact of IM on OI also takes place through two groups of mediators: internal marketing orientation (IMO) and the adoption of IM philosophy by managers, i.e. employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Employees' experience of the programmes of IM and their perceptions of IMO affect OI, rather than management's attitude. However, IM programmes without managerial support do not provide the best levels of employees' OI. When employees are encouraged by managerial support to perceive IM, then their perceptions of IM are facilitated. In addition, the similarity between the perceptions of the organization's value by the manager and his employees leads to the harmonious growth of their identification with the organization. The transfer of OI from manager to employees encourages performance growth, and improves the perceptions of service quality by customers. OI mediates the relationship between IM and employees' outcomes. In accordance with the above, this topic is recommended to both theorists and practitioners; it is still insufficiently researched i.e. applied.
本文在对2009年至今发表的相关实证研究进行回顾和分析的基础上,试图呈现内部营销(IM)在员工组织认同(OI)中的作用。分析表明,IM对提高员工OI(直接影响)有显著作用。IM对OI的影响也通过两组中介发生:内部营销导向(IMO)和管理者对IM理念的采用,即员工的工作满意度和组织承诺。员工对IM项目的经验和他们对IMO的看法影响成骨不全,而不是管理层的态度。然而,没有管理支持的IM计划不能提供员工OI的最佳水平。当员工在管理层的支持下被鼓励去感知即时消息时,他们对即时消息的感知就会得到促进。此外,管理者和员工对组织价值认知的相似性导致了他们对组织认同的和谐增长。OI从管理者向员工的转移鼓励绩效增长,并提高客户对服务质量的看法。OI在IM和员工绩效之间起到中介作用。据此,本课题推荐给理论界和实践界;它仍然没有得到充分的研究,即应用。
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引用次数: 0
Competitiveness of art faculties in the higher education market from students' and professors' points of view 从学生和教授的角度看艺术学院在高等教育市场中的竞争力
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2201028p
Dejana Prnjat
Since the 1990s, when the private sector entered the sphere of education in Serbia, competition in the higher education market has intensified. Considering that two and a half decades have passed since the founding of the first private art faculties in the country and that there is a noticeable lack of works on this topic, a qualitative study of students and professors at the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad (a public faculty) and at the Academy of Arts in Belgrade (a private faculty) has now been done. The main aim of this research is to determine the opinion of students and professors at these two faculties about the competitiveness of art faculties in the higher education market. The agenda for the interviews included two key topics - identification of the key criteria on the basis of which the target group of these faculties ( i.e., the customers) decides whether to enroll in a public or private art faculty and their evaluation of art studies (i.e., the product) as covering four research questions: assessment of study conditions, assessment of the quality of teaching at art faculties, assessment of criteria at those faculties, as well as the evaluation of obtainable diplomas.
自1990年代私营部门进入塞尔维亚教育领域以来,高等教育市场的竞争加剧。考虑到自该国第一所私立艺术学院成立以来已经过去了25年,而且这方面的工作明显缺乏,现在对诺维萨德艺术学院(公立学院)和贝尔格莱德艺术学院(私立学院)的学生和教授进行了定性研究。本研究的主要目的是确定这两个学院的学生和教授对艺术学院在高等教育市场上的竞争力的看法。访谈的议程包括两个关键主题——确定这些学院的目标群体(即客户)决定是否注册公立或私立艺术学院的关键标准,以及他们对艺术研究(即产品)的评估,包括四个研究问题:评估学习条件,评估艺术学院的教学质量,评估这些学院的标准,以及评估可获得的文凭。
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引用次数: 0
Consumers' perception of products with geographical indications in Serbia 塞尔维亚消费者对带有地理标志的产品的看法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2203193u
Dubravka Užar
Geographical indications, as part of product labeling and packaging, are used extensively worldwide as a powerful tool for product diversification and branding. The main purpose of this study is to shed light on consumers' awareness and knowledge of geographical indications in Serbia. Aiming to bridge this gap, we present the results obtained from a consumer survey on a sample of 806 respondents in the territory of Serbia. Differences in consumers' awareness of geographical indications have been tested according to several socio-demographic criteria. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences in monthly income and level of education regarding consumer awareness of GIs. In addition, the respondents indicated a low level of knowledge about the GIs, qualities, benefits, and method of production of these products, as well as the existence of an adequate control system. As consumers consider themselves insufficiently informed, this finding suggests that it is necessary to undertake actions that will contribute to the consumers' education and information. Based on the obtained results, recommendations useful for marketing managers, decision-makers, agricultural producers as well as future research are given in the paper.
地理标志作为产品标签和包装的一部分,在世界范围内广泛使用,是产品多样化和品牌化的有力工具。本研究的主要目的是阐明塞尔维亚消费者对地理标志的认识和知识。为了弥补这一差距,我们提出了对塞尔维亚境内806名受访者进行的消费者调查的结果。根据若干社会人口标准,对消费者对地理标志的认识差异进行了测试。结果显示,消费者对地理标志的认知在月收入和受教育程度上存在显著的统计学差异。此外,受访者表示,他们对地理标志、质量、效益和生产这些产品的方法以及是否存在适当的控制系统的知识水平较低。由于消费者认为自己了解的信息不足,这一发现表明,有必要采取行动,有助于消费者的教育和信息。在此基础上,本文对市场管理者、决策者、农业生产者以及未来的研究提出了有益的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Designing a sustainable brand by engaging brand-consumers' collaboration Generation Z co-creators and influencers in Serbia 通过吸引品牌消费者的合作,设计一个可持续发展的品牌,塞尔维亚的Z世代共同创造者和影响者
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2201037m
Tatjana Mamula-Nikolić, K. Perčić, Mirjana Nećak
The purpose of this paper isto identify the scope of Generation Z's participation in the process of collaboration with brands in Serbia and to study the potentials in the future. Collaboration between Generation Z (GenZ) and brands in the digital world and intensive era of social media marketing has two roles: GenZ as co-creators and influencers. The aim of the research isto measure statistically significant differences in the answers of the respondents in relation to the examined opinions, needs, attitudes and intentions of the members of GenZ regarding the process of collaboration (co-creators and influencers). In January & February 2021 the research was conducted with 303 respondents of GenZ in the online survey. The results show that almost 70% of members of GenZ believe that organizations should more often organize activities in which consumers participate. By involving GenZ in the process of collaboration with brand, product and service development, receiving regular feedback from them and engaging influencers, marketing and brand managers could work on creating unique solutions, added values and personalized experience. Serbian marketing and brand managers, working to strengthen the customer centricity approach, could apply research results, insights and recommendations to design more effective and efficient collaboration for their brands together with GenZ.
本文的目的是确定Z世代在塞尔维亚与品牌合作过程中的参与范围,并研究未来的潜力。在数字世界和社交媒体营销密集的时代,Z世代与品牌之间的合作有两个角色:共同创造者和影响者。该研究的目的是衡量受访者的答案在统计上的显著差异,这些差异与被调查的GenZ成员(共同创造者和影响者)关于协作过程的意见、需求、态度和意图有关。该研究于2021年1月和2月对GenZ的303名受访者进行了在线调查。结果显示,近70%的GenZ成员认为组织应该更多地组织消费者参与的活动。通过让GenZ参与品牌、产品和服务开发的合作过程,定期从他们那里获得反馈,并让有影响力的人参与进来,营销和品牌经理可以共同创造独特的解决方案、附加价值和个性化体验。塞尔维亚的市场营销和品牌经理正在努力加强以客户为中心的方法,他们可以应用研究结果、见解和建议,与GenZ一起为他们的品牌设计更有效和高效的合作。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of versatile customer values impact in m trade on satisfaction and continual usage intent 多元顾客价值对m贸易满意度和持续使用意图的影响分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/mkng2201003m
Veljko Marinković, A. Đorđević
Creating customer value is one of the basic ways to achieve competitive advantage on the market. More and more customers satisfy their need for buying products and services in a digital surroundings. During the last few years, there is an increase in the number of customers who are accessing the digital market using mobile phones and making their purchasing transactions using these devices. The aim of the paper is to analyze the importance of m-commerce within the modern market and values due to which customers use mobile phones in performing transactions within the digital market. Understanding the values important for the customers in m-commerce is needed in order to optimize the performance strategy on the digital market which enables the achievement of competitive advantage. While analyzing different value dimensions it is important to comprehend its influence onto customer satisfaction. The empirical part of the paper uses a research model containing six variables (functional, price, comparative, epistemological value, satisfaction and the intention to continuously use m-commerce). Thereby, every variable is measured using several statements which have been retrieved from relevant literature, while the respondents have expressed their level of concordance with the given statements using a seven point Likert scale. Data have been collected on the territory of Belgrade, using a sample of 402 respondents. Data analysis first tested the model reliability and validity, and afterwards the significance and effect strength of the four dimensions of the perceived value on customer satisfaction, as well as the relationship between satisfaction and the intention to continuously use m-commerce. The reliability of every model variable has been estimated based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. By using the confirmatory factor analysis, the model concordance has been tested, as well as convergent and discriminatory validity. In order to measure the relations between the model variables a model of structural equations has been used. The results have shown that the functional and price value stand out as the key drivers of m-commerce users satisfaction. Obviously, the benefits, as well as price savings offered by the mobile payment systems are the main generators of user satisfaction. Additionally, the study confirms the strong significant influence of satisfaction onto the intention to continuously use mobile phones in order to realize different payments and to perform shopping. The contribution of the realized study can be seen in the analysis of four dimensions of perceived value and the measurement of their influence onto satisfaction on the example of mobile service users. Globally seen, the paper follows the behavior of customers in a new digital surroundings. A very few empirical research have been realized in the Republic of Serbia with the aim to test the relations between the mentioned variables when it comes to using m-commerce. The originality
创造顾客价值是企业获得市场竞争优势的基本途径之一。越来越多的客户在数字环境中满足他们购买产品和服务的需求。在过去几年中,使用手机进入数字市场并使用这些设备进行购买交易的客户数量有所增加。本文的目的是分析移动商务在现代市场中的重要性和价值,因为客户在数字市场中使用手机进行交易。为了优化数字市场上的绩效策略,从而实现竞争优势,需要了解移动商务中对客户重要的价值。在分析不同的价值维度时,了解其对顾客满意的影响是很重要的。本文的实证部分采用了包含六个变量(功能、价格、比较、认识论价值、满意度和持续使用移动商务的意愿)的研究模型。因此,每个变量都是使用从相关文献中检索到的几个语句来测量的,而受访者则使用七点李克特量表表达了他们与给定语句的一致性水平。利用402名答复者的抽样,在贝尔格莱德境内收集了数据。数据分析首先检验了模型的信度和效度,然后检验了感知价值四个维度对顾客满意度的显著性和作用强度,以及满意度与持续使用移动商务意愿的关系。每个模型变量的可靠性都是基于Cronbach's alpha系数来估计的。通过验证性因子分析对模型的一致性进行了检验,并对模型的收敛效度和区别效度进行了检验。为了测量模型变量之间的关系,采用了结构方程模型。结果表明,功能和价格价值是移动商务用户满意度的关键驱动因素。显然,移动支付系统提供的好处和价格节约是用户满意度的主要来源。此外,研究证实了满意度对持续使用手机进行不同支付和购物的意愿有很强的显著影响。以移动服务用户为例,分析了感知价值的四个维度,并测量了它们对满意度的影响,由此可见已实现研究的贡献。从全球来看,这篇论文关注的是消费者在新的数字环境中的行为。很少有实证研究在塞尔维亚共和国实现,目的是测试上述变量之间的关系,当涉及到使用移动商务。建议模型的独创性可以从价值维度的独特组合中看出,因为除了两个标准维度(功能和价格价值)之外,该模型还包含两个特定的价值维度:比较价值和认识论价值。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Management Marketing
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