Two studies were conducted. The first study examined the impact of survey methods on self-reports. Participants were put into Retrospection or No Retrospection conditions, within the Diary, Panel, or Cross-Section conditions. Participants within each condition completed diaries with differing frequencies. Within the diary conditions, participants were put into a "Test" condition and told that the researchers were studying students' daily lives leading up to midterms, or a "Neutral" condition and told that the investigators were studying students' daily lives. Differences between conditions were measured based on "negative emotions" (depression and anxiety). Participants completing diaries most frequently reported lower levels of negative emotion than students completing diaries less frequently, and participants in the Test condition reported higher levels of negative emotion compared to participants in the Neutral condition. The second study examined participants' accuracy in retrospective weekly self-reports, focusing on participants in the Retrospective Diary condition and comparing daily self-reports of time spent in activities to weekly estimates of average time spent in the same activities. There were significant differences in participants' average hours spent in class, and marginally significant differences in hours spent sleeping and studying. Results from these studies can help social scientists gain understanding of how participants complete self-reports, and have implications for research that requires self-reports.
{"title":"The Daily Life Study: How Survey Methods Change Self-Reports","authors":"Michelle Eisenkraft","doi":"10.1037/e741612011-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741612011-009","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted. The first study examined the impact of survey methods on self-reports. Participants were put into Retrospection or No Retrospection conditions, within the Diary, Panel, or Cross-Section conditions. Participants within each condition completed diaries with differing frequencies. Within the diary conditions, participants were put into a \"Test\" condition and told that the researchers were studying students' daily lives leading up to midterms, or a \"Neutral\" condition and told that the investigators were studying students' daily lives. Differences between conditions were measured based on \"negative emotions\" (depression and anxiety). Participants completing diaries most frequently reported lower levels of negative emotion than students completing diaries less frequently, and participants in the Test condition reported higher levels of negative emotion compared to participants in the Neutral condition. The second study examined participants' accuracy in retrospective weekly self-reports, focusing on participants in the Retrospective Diary condition and comparing daily self-reports of time spent in activities to weekly estimates of average time spent in the same activities. There were significant differences in participants' average hours spent in class, and marginally significant differences in hours spent sleeping and studying. Results from these studies can help social scientists gain understanding of how participants complete self-reports, and have implications for research that requires self-reports.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the study of post-trauma resiliency or those characteristics which protect those at risk from the negative mental and physical sequele of trauma has attracted so much attention recently, the literature is limited with respect to Disaster Relief Workers (DRWs). This article represents a literature review conducted by the authors to better understand the concept of resiliency in the context of trauma research and survey the field's current empirical findings associated with DRWs. Due to the paucity of research, future analysis would shed much needed light on the precise factors that contribute to resiliency in high-risk populations (e.g., DRWs) and the ways in which these factors interact with one another.
{"title":"Factors Contributing to Resiliency in September 11th Disaster Relief Workers: A Proposal for Future Analysis","authors":"Michael E. Kramer, Ivy Patt, Adam D. Brown","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-003","url":null,"abstract":"While the study of post-trauma resiliency or those characteristics which protect those at risk from the negative mental and physical sequele of trauma has attracted so much attention recently, the literature is limited with respect to Disaster Relief Workers (DRWs). This article represents a literature review conducted by the authors to better understand the concept of resiliency in the context of trauma research and survey the field's current empirical findings associated with DRWs. Due to the paucity of research, future analysis would shed much needed light on the precise factors that contribute to resiliency in high-risk populations (e.g., DRWs) and the ways in which these factors interact with one another.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is controversy as to whether the daytime consequences of sleep apnea are different depending on whether the apnea occurs predominantly in the state of REM (rapid eye movement) or NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep. Apnea is the partial or complete closure of the airway which occurs during sleep and is ended in part by arousal. Many patients exhibit differences in the amount and frequency of these events during REM and NREM sleep. Patients with apnea present with symptoms of daytime sleepiness and changes in concentration and memory.
{"title":"Daytime Consequences of Sleep Apnea in REM and NREM Sleep","authors":"J. Boyd","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-004","url":null,"abstract":"There is controversy as to whether the daytime consequences of sleep apnea are different depending on whether the apnea occurs predominantly in the state of REM (rapid eye movement) or NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep. Apnea is the partial or complete closure of the airway which occurs during sleep and is ended in part by arousal. Many patients exhibit differences in the amount and frequency of these events during REM and NREM sleep. Patients with apnea present with symptoms of daytime sleepiness and changes in concentration and memory.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated whether heterosexuals are more accurate than they believe in their ability to guess sexual orientation and whether considering sexual orientation will influence heterosexuals' feelings of closeness toward pictured individuals. We found that a significant number of participants (76.7%, p<.002) overestimated their ability to guess sexual orientation and overall, participants rated heterosexuals higher on the closeness scale than homosexuals (p<.001). Thirty male and female, Caucasian, heterosexual participants between the ages of 25 and 35 were asked to guess the sexual orientation of twenty pictured individuals and rate each picture on a closeness scale. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (Group A = closeness scale first; Group B = closeness scale second). The researchers suggest additional study to determine the underlying processes involved in the findings.
{"title":"Guessing Sexual Orientation: Heterosexuals' Ability to Accurately Estimate their \"Gaydar\"","authors":"Connie Kendig, Nicole Maresca","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-006","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether heterosexuals are more accurate than they believe in their ability to guess sexual orientation and whether considering sexual orientation will influence heterosexuals' feelings of closeness toward pictured individuals. We found that a significant number of participants (76.7%, p<.002) overestimated their ability to guess sexual orientation and overall, participants rated heterosexuals higher on the closeness scale than homosexuals (p<.001). Thirty male and female, Caucasian, heterosexual participants between the ages of 25 and 35 were asked to guess the sexual orientation of twenty pictured individuals and rate each picture on a closeness scale. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (Group A = closeness scale first; Group B = closeness scale second). The researchers suggest additional study to determine the underlying processes involved in the findings.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dorsal visual stream has been implicated in visually guided motor behavior (Milner & Goodale, 1996). Can objects that are nondetectable (subliminal) activate the dorsal stream? Using the stimulus-response compatibility paradigm, a physical correspondence between stimulus and response yields faster reaction times (RTs), we briefly presented images of objects that afford a motor response: common graspable objects (Study 1; reaching and grasping) and indexical pointer finger (Study 2; orienting eye movement). When the orientation of the object and the response side were congruent, RTs were significantly faster than when they were incongruent even though the objects were not detected. This finding suggests that the dorsal stream processes information about the orientation of stimuli that are not consciously perceived and is consistent with the spared ability of blindsight patients.
{"title":"Do Subliminally Presented Objects Potentiate Motor Responses","authors":"Zissis Pappas, A. Mack","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-001","url":null,"abstract":"The dorsal visual stream has been implicated in visually guided motor behavior (Milner & Goodale, 1996). Can objects that are nondetectable (subliminal) activate the dorsal stream? Using the stimulus-response compatibility paradigm, a physical correspondence between stimulus and response yields faster reaction times (RTs), we briefly presented images of objects that afford a motor response: common graspable objects (Study 1; reaching and grasping) and indexical pointer finger (Study 2; orienting eye movement). When the orientation of the object and the response side were congruent, RTs were significantly faster than when they were incongruent even though the objects were not detected. This finding suggests that the dorsal stream processes information about the orientation of stimuli that are not consciously perceived and is consistent with the spared ability of blindsight patients.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The association between exposure to violent video games and real-life aggressive behavior has received increased attention from media in recent years. The following study will investigate two areas of video game play that have received limited attention. The first area of focus is the relationship between violence in video games and subcategories of aggressive behavior. More specifically: overt and covert aggression. The second major topic that will be explored in this paper is the effect video game play has on processing of affective stimuli.
{"title":"Aggressive Behavior and Affective Processing In Video Game Players","authors":"D. Antonius","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-007","url":null,"abstract":"The association between exposure to violent video games and real-life aggressive behavior has received increased attention from media in recent years. The following study will investigate two areas of video game play that have received limited attention. The first area of focus is the relationship between violence in video games and subcategories of aggressive behavior. More specifically: overt and covert aggression. The second major topic that will be explored in this paper is the effect video game play has on processing of affective stimuli.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This theoretical paper outlines two potential applications of evolutionary psychology to management. Organizational change and voluntary turnover are discussed. It is argued that in certain cases people will be less resistant to change if organizational developers downplayed the perception of the actual expected outcome instead of emphasizing on the future positive consequences of the change. It is also argued that from an evolutionary perspective job security and advancement opportunities are the most important factors in ensuring people retention.
{"title":"Charles Darwin, CEO: Some Applications of Evolutionary Psychology to Management","authors":"Cezar Giosan","doi":"10.1037/e741622011-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741622011-002","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical paper outlines two potential applications of evolutionary psychology to management. Organizational change and voluntary turnover are discussed. It is argued that in certain cases people will be less resistant to change if organizational developers downplayed the perception of the actual expected outcome instead of emphasizing on the future positive consequences of the change. It is also argued that from an evolutionary perspective job security and advancement opportunities are the most important factors in ensuring people retention.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael E. Kramer, Adam D. Brown, L. Spielman, Cezar Giosan, Michelanne Rothrock
This study represents an exploratory assessment of the psychological reactions to changes in the national terror-alert level on a small sample of New York City disaster-relief workers. Upgrades in terroralert levels in this context are seen as official, governmental communications that call attention to the possibility (and probability level) of future terrorist threats. While research suggests that alarms and warnings can serve to effectively prepare individuals for future threats (e.g. weather advisories), their duration and perceived communicator reliability and validity depend on a number of variables (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; McGuire, 1967; Rogers and Mewborn, 1976; Zimbardo, 2003). Almost from the time of its inception, the Department of Homeland Security's terror-alert system has come under fire, among other things, failing to provide specific enough information about potential attacks and warnings to be meaningful indicators of threat and for failing to provide individuals with a concrete set of actions to take in response to heightened alert levels.
本研究以纽约市救灾人员为样本，对国家恐怖警戒级别变化的心理反应进行了探索性评估。在这种情况下，恐怖警戒级别的升级被视为官方和政府的沟通，提醒人们注意未来恐怖主义威胁的可能性(和概率水平)。虽然研究表明，警报和警告可以有效地帮助个人为未来的威胁做好准备(例如天气预报)，但它们的持续时间和感知到的传播者的可靠性和有效性取决于许多变量(Hovland, Janis， & Kelley, 1953;McGuire, 1967;Rogers and Mewborn, 1976;津巴多,2003)。几乎从一开始，国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)的恐怖主义警报系统就饱受抨击，原因之一是它未能提供足够具体的信息，让潜在的袭击和警告成为有意义的威胁指标，也未能向个人提供一套具体的行动，以应对提高的警报级别。
{"title":"Psychological Reactions to the National Terror-Alert System","authors":"Michael E. Kramer, Adam D. Brown, L. Spielman, Cezar Giosan, Michelanne Rothrock","doi":"10.1037/e741632011-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741632011-009","url":null,"abstract":"This study represents an exploratory assessment of the psychological reactions to changes in the national terror-alert level on a small sample of New York City disaster-relief workers. Upgrades in terroralert levels in this context are seen as official, governmental communications that call attention to the possibility (and probability level) of future terrorist threats. While research suggests that alarms and warnings can serve to effectively prepare individuals for future threats (e.g. weather advisories), their duration and perceived communicator reliability and validity depend on a number of variables (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; McGuire, 1967; Rogers and Mewborn, 1976; Zimbardo, 2003). Almost from the time of its inception, the Department of Homeland Security's terror-alert system has come under fire, among other things, failing to provide specific enough information about potential attacks and warnings to be meaningful indicators of threat and for failing to provide individuals with a concrete set of actions to take in response to heightened alert levels.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57941124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As knowledge of mood disorders grows, it becomes apparent that families of those suffering are greatly affected by these illnesses. Books have been written about how a family can cope with and help a family member with a mood disorder (Golant, 1998; Miklowitz, 2002; Sheffield, 1998; Sheffield, 2003) and research has extended into examining those issues. Family-Focused Therapy incorporates the family and the patient in the therapy treatment (Miklowitz & Goldstein 1997). It is essential that researchers address families as well as patients because most people with a mood disorder must deal with how the family responds, positively or negatively.
{"title":"Yale-Family Assessment of Needs for Services (FANS)","authors":"D. Perlick, L. Lippman","doi":"10.1037/e741632011-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741632011-007","url":null,"abstract":"As knowledge of mood disorders grows, it becomes apparent that families of those suffering are greatly affected by these illnesses. Books have been written about how a family can cope with and help a family member with a mood disorder (Golant, 1998; Miklowitz, 2002; Sheffield, 1998; Sheffield, 2003) and research has extended into examining those issues. Family-Focused Therapy incorporates the family and the patient in the therapy treatment (Miklowitz & Goldstein 1997). It is essential that researchers address families as well as patients because most people with a mood disorder must deal with how the family responds, positively or negatively.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the recent developments in the voluntary turnover research is the embeddedness model. Job embeddedness is formed of six dimensions: links-community, fit-community, sacrifice-community, links-organization, fit-organization, and sacrificeorganization (Mitchell et al., 2001). Identifying some predictors of job embeddedness and its dimensions was the focus of the present study.
自愿离职研究的最新进展之一是嵌入性模型。工作嵌入性由六个维度构成:联系-社区、契合-社区、牺牲-社区、联系-组织、契合-组织和牺牲-组织(Mitchell et al.， 2001)。确定工作嵌入性的一些预测因素及其维度是本研究的重点。
{"title":"Predictors of Job Embeddedness","authors":"Cezar Giosan","doi":"10.1037/e741632011-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741632011-006","url":null,"abstract":"One of the recent developments in the voluntary turnover research is the embeddedness model. Job embeddedness is formed of six dimensions: links-community, fit-community, sacrifice-community, links-organization, fit-organization, and sacrificeorganization (Mitchell et al., 2001). Identifying some predictors of job embeddedness and its dimensions was the focus of the present study.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57940923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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