The aim of this paper is to explore the museum as possible lieu de memoire (or site/realm of memory) as articulated in the writings of French historian, Pierre Nora (1989, 1996). My effort lies in how to debate, from a theoretical perspective, issues on history, past, memory and their ongoing construction in cultural institutions. In order to do this I will briefly account for the creation and transformation of the modern museum, then I will concisely discuss the exhibition New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War as an attempt to illustrate with concrete examples the main exploration of this paper. The exhibitions and displays alluded to in this work are mainly of historical character since the museum as part of a historical process and its connections to past, memory, and present are the central issues addressed here.
Despite strong conceptual frameworks for national museums as potential “sites of memory,” practical attempts to establish such sites can prove paradoxically forgetful. The following paper considers this apparent paradox by contrasting the highly idealized theoretical motives for a national museum of immigration in France with the concrete realization of such a museum in Argentina. Grounded in a problematic opposition between New World memory and Old World amnesia of immigration , the French museum was conceived as a form of national “memory‐work” that need not contend with the colonial past. This paper challenges that binary opposition through the example of Argentina, whose national museum of immigration enshrines a hegemonic memory of white European immigration that omits the history and present of an increasingly mestizo immigrant population. Both nations’ attempts to restitute public memory of immigration through inclusive “sites of memory” have, I argue, inadvertently highlighted their own national blindspots. The cases presented here point to the persistence of forgetfulness as a political feature of national memory, and to the often unintentional political uses of public memory sites.
In 1927, amidst a bloody religious conflict between Catholic partisans and the Mexican state, a 36-year-old priest, Father Miguel Pro, was charged with plotting against the President-Elect at the time, Alvaro Obregon. After a hastily carried out investigation, he was executed. The present paper analyzes some of the ways in which Pro has been memorialized, linking these processes with the socio-historical conditions prevalent at different times in twentieth century Mexico. Discussion then moves to some of the modes in which a narrative of martyrdom is made to infuse death with meaning, and how it changes over time to fit different social necessities.
{"title":"The Holy Jester: A story of martyrdom in Revolutionary Mexico","authors":"Marisol López-Menéndez","doi":"10.1037/e741482011-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741482011-007","url":null,"abstract":"In 1927, amidst a bloody religious conflict between Catholic partisans and the Mexican state, a 36-year-old priest, Father Miguel Pro, was charged with plotting against the President-Elect at the time, Alvaro Obregon. After a hastily carried out investigation, he was executed. The present paper analyzes some of the ways in which Pro has been memorialized, linking these processes with the socio-historical conditions prevalent at different times in twentieth century Mexico. Discussion then moves to some of the modes in which a narrative of martyrdom is made to infuse death with meaning, and how it changes over time to fit different social necessities.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explored the relationship between age and body weight dissatisfaction in American women using a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 55 women between the ages of 22 and 65 completed a questionnaire measuring the discrepancy between current and ideal body types, current perceptions of weight, the extent to which weight affected self-concept, and ratings of specific bodily features. The results did not indicate a significant difference in body weight dissatisfaction between young (22-34), middle-aged (35-49), and older (50-65) women. The impact of weight on women’s self-perception did not vary with age. Moreover, dissatisfaction with specific body parts was consistent across age cohorts. Evidence suggests that body weight dissatisfaction among women is pervasive across the lifetime, displaying no significant changes with age.
{"title":"Does Body Weight Dissatisfaction Change with Age? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Women","authors":"Ilyssa Siegel","doi":"10.1037/e741472011-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741472011-005","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the relationship between age and body weight dissatisfaction in American women using a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 55 women between the ages of 22 and 65 completed a questionnaire measuring the discrepancy between current and ideal body types, current perceptions of weight, the extent to which weight affected self-concept, and ratings of specific bodily features. The results did not indicate a significant difference in body weight dissatisfaction between young (22-34), middle-aged (35-49), and older (50-65) women. The impact of weight on women’s self-perception did not vary with age. Moreover, dissatisfaction with specific body parts was consistent across age cohorts. Evidence suggests that body weight dissatisfaction among women is pervasive across the lifetime, displaying no significant changes with age.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Causal attribution theory is one of the most extensively researched paradigms in social psychology. Recently, fMRI research, largely from the field of personality psychology, has suggested that the neurological structures involved in forming causal attributions may also be involved in emotion regulation. This suggests that these two distinct processes - causal attribution formulation and emotion regulation - may be related phenomena. More specifically, attribution formation may be a method of emotion regulation. In the field of clinical psychology, treatment approaches for depression emphasize the importance of effective emotion regulation strategies, and many treatment approaches for depression are informed by emotion regulation research. Nonetheless, it does not seem that clinical psychology has fully utilized findings from causal attribution research for the treatment of depression. Because causal attributions may be a strategy for emotion regulation, clinical psychology might well benefit from integrating personality research with social psychology research on causal attributions. This paper posits that there is a connection between emotion regulation, attributional style, and depression, and that clinical psychology would benefit from drawing upon causal attribution research. Doing so would combine developments from distinct areas of psychology in order to better inform both researchers and clinicians working with depression.
{"title":"Causal Attributions: A Review of the Past and Directions for the Future","authors":"J. Sweeton, B. Deerrose","doi":"10.1037/e741472011-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741472011-004","url":null,"abstract":"Causal attribution theory is one of the most extensively researched paradigms in social psychology. Recently, fMRI research, largely from the field of personality psychology, has suggested that the neurological structures involved in forming causal attributions may also be involved in emotion regulation. This suggests that these two distinct processes - causal attribution formulation and emotion regulation - may be related phenomena. More specifically, attribution formation may be a method of emotion regulation. In the field of clinical psychology, treatment approaches for depression emphasize the importance of effective emotion regulation strategies, and many treatment approaches for depression are informed by emotion regulation research. Nonetheless, it does not seem that clinical psychology has fully utilized findings from causal attribution research for the treatment of depression. Because causal attributions may be a strategy for emotion regulation, clinical psychology might well benefit from integrating personality research with social psychology research on causal attributions. This paper posits that there is a connection between emotion regulation, attributional style, and depression, and that clinical psychology would benefit from drawing upon causal attribution research. Doing so would combine developments from distinct areas of psychology in order to better inform both researchers and clinicians working with depression.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diaries and memoirs of the Warsaw Ghetto lament the destruction of Warsaw and the loss of its people. These accounts document life in the Ghetto and testify to the horror and tragedy of those merciless days. The following paper reviews a number of diaries and memoirs concerning the Warsaw Ghetto in order to compare the unique nature of the documents, as well as to explore the challenges and distinctions of each narrative form. An examination of the accounts show how the diaries depict individuals in transformation, while the memoirs reveal writers struggling with the confines of their own imaginations in order to restore the events as they happened. Furthermore, the diaries exemplify how the brutal conditions in the Ghetto impacted and wrought changes in the individual writers. In contrast, the memoirs demonstrate survivors attempting to retrieve the loss of self. The work of the memoirists underlines the sheer impossibility of transmitting the horrors of the Holocaust and exemplifies its destructiveness on life.
Neuroscientific research methods, such as brain imaging techniques, have increasingly been applied to social cogni tive research efforts and, in particular, to the study of the self. In this essay we discuss the ability of such research to shed light on the emergent, dynamic psychological phenomenon of self. Although neuroscientific tools can be useful for gaining general knowledge about associated underlying structures, a careful consideration of the methodological and theoretical issues discussed herein is necessary to avoid simplifying or reifying the self.
{"title":"The Neuroscientific Study of the Self: Methodological and Theoretical Challenges","authors":"Cynthia J. Najdowski, E. S. Winer","doi":"10.1037/e741492011-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741492011-001","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscientific research methods, such as brain imaging techniques, have increasingly been applied to social cogni tive research efforts and, in particular, to the study of the self. In this essay we discuss the ability of such research to shed light on the emergent, dynamic psychological phenomenon of self. Although neuroscientific tools can be useful for gaining general knowledge about associated underlying structures, a careful consideration of the methodological and theoretical issues discussed herein is necessary to avoid simplifying or reifying the self.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer-mediation allows sexual relationships to exist despite geographical separation. The current study utilized evolutionary theory as a framework for understanding sex differences in perceptions of cyber-infidelity. A sample of 115 college students (46% male, age 18-42) were asked to rate their response to evidence of cyber-infidelity across four indices: jealously, infidelity, distress, and destructiveness. Based in evolutionary theory, it was hypothesized that female participants, as opposed to males, would be significantly more likely to categorize extra-dyadic computer-mediated behavior as infidelity, would report higher levels of distress and jealousy, and would rate the stimuli as significantly more destructive to the relationship. Findings supported the theoretical perspective but were limited. Although jealousy ratings yielded no significant sex differences, female participants were significantly more likely to characterize the evidence as an act of infidelity, report higher levels of distress in response to these behaviors, and rate these behaviors as more destructive to the intra-dyadic relationship. Consistent with an evolutionary ex planation, these findings suggest that females are more likely than males to view extra-dyadic computer-mediated relationships as acts of emotional infidelity.
{"title":"Beyond Touching: Evolutionary Theory and Computer-Mediated Infidelity","authors":"Jana M. Hackathorn","doi":"10.1037/e741492011-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741492011-003","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-mediation allows sexual relationships to exist despite geographical separation. The current study utilized evolutionary theory as a framework for understanding sex differences in perceptions of cyber-infidelity. A sample of 115 college students (46% male, age 18-42) were asked to rate their response to evidence of cyber-infidelity across four indices: jealously, infidelity, distress, and destructiveness. Based in evolutionary theory, it was hypothesized that female participants, as opposed to males, would be significantly more likely to categorize extra-dyadic computer-mediated behavior as infidelity, would report higher levels of distress and jealousy, and would rate the stimuli as significantly more destructive to the relationship. Findings supported the theoretical perspective but were limited. Although jealousy ratings yielded no significant sex differences, female participants were significantly more likely to characterize the evidence as an act of infidelity, report higher levels of distress in response to these behaviors, and rate these behaviors as more destructive to the intra-dyadic relationship. Consistent with an evolutionary ex planation, these findings suggest that females are more likely than males to view extra-dyadic computer-mediated relationships as acts of emotional infidelity.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alison C. Pepper, John W. Denboer, C. Miller, F. Coolidge
Previous research has examined the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and other forms of psychopathology. Although the association between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and BPD has received empirical (e.g., Pinto, Grapentine, Francis, & Picariello, 1996) and conceptual (e.g., DSM-IV-TR, APA, 2000) support this association falls short of fully depicting the complex etiology of BPD. Previous research suggests that Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may be a cognitive-affective mediator between MDD and BPD. Participants (n = 324) were administered the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI), a measure of Axis I and II psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the original mediating hypothesis. These findings provide impetus for the development of a more informative model concerning the relationship between MDD and BPD.
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Mediates the Relationship Between Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder","authors":"Alison C. Pepper, John W. Denboer, C. Miller, F. Coolidge","doi":"10.1037/e741492011-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741492011-005","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has examined the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and other forms of psychopathology. Although the association between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and BPD has received empirical (e.g., Pinto, Grapentine, Francis, & Picariello, 1996) and conceptual (e.g., DSM-IV-TR, APA, 2000) support this association falls short of fully depicting the complex etiology of BPD. Previous research suggests that Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may be a cognitive-affective mediator between MDD and BPD. Participants (n = 324) were administered the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI), a measure of Axis I and II psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the original mediating hypothesis. These findings provide impetus for the development of a more informative model concerning the relationship between MDD and BPD.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research has shown that willingness to sacrifice is positively associated with relationship satisfaction and commitment. However, few studies have investigated whether type of sacrifice (active vs. passive) or motives for sacrifice (approach vs. avoidance) impact relational variables. In the current study, type of and motives for sacrifice were experimentally primed and satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment size, and commitment were measured. Results indicated that active (but not passive) sacrifice led individuals to perceive their quality of alternatives as more attractive. Motives for sacrificing were unrelated to relationship perceptions. Additionally, type of sacrifice and motives for sacrificing show no interactive effects.
{"title":"The Effects of Sacrifice Types and Motives on Romantic Relationship Quality","authors":"Brent A. Mattingly","doi":"10.1037/e741502011-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741502011-004","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that willingness to sacrifice is positively associated with relationship satisfaction and commitment. However, few studies have investigated whether type of sacrifice (active vs. passive) or motives for sacrifice (approach vs. avoidance) impact relational variables. In the current study, type of and motives for sacrifice were experimentally primed and satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment size, and commitment were measured. Results indicated that active (but not passive) sacrifice led individuals to perceive their quality of alternatives as more attractive. Motives for sacrificing were unrelated to relationship perceptions. Additionally, type of sacrifice and motives for sacrificing show no interactive effects.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"5 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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