Consumers are often exposed to advertisement variations—several similar advertisements about the same product or service over time. This study tested whether participants’ initial attitudes about a product changed as cosmetic or substantive features of the advertisement were modified, and whether or not the effect of these modifications depended on participants’ need for cognition, which is the intrinsic motivation to process information. Three hundred nineteen undergraduate students answered questions designed to measure their need for cognition, viewed an initial advertisement for a fictitious electric automobile, and then rated the product. Two days later, the same participants viewed a different version of the advertisement for the automobile in which either cosmetic or substantive features had been changed, and then rated the product again. The results of the study revealed that attitude changes about the automobile were greatest when participants with low need for cognition were exposed to advertisements with cosmetic variations. The results suggest that changing initial public attitudes about an ongoing series of advertisements, public service announcements, or other media might be made most effective by making changes to those features that correspond to the intended audience’s estimated need for cognition.
{"title":"The Effects of Advertisement Variation and Need for Cognition on Attitudes toward Products","authors":"Stephen C. Nettelhorst, R. Youmans","doi":"10.1037/e534932013-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e534932013-007","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers are often exposed to advertisement variations—several similar advertisements about the same product or service over time. This study tested whether participants’ initial attitudes about a product changed as cosmetic or substantive features of the advertisement were modified, and whether or not the effect of these modifications depended on participants’ need for cognition, which is the intrinsic motivation to process information. Three hundred nineteen undergraduate students answered questions designed to measure their need for cognition, viewed an initial advertisement for a fictitious electric automobile, and then rated the product. Two days later, the same participants viewed a different version of the advertisement for the automobile in which either cosmetic or substantive features had been changed, and then rated the product again. The results of the study revealed that attitude changes about the automobile were greatest when participants with low need for cognition were exposed to advertisements with cosmetic variations. The results suggest that changing initial public attitudes about an ongoing series of advertisements, public service announcements, or other media might be made most effective by making changes to those features that correspond to the intended audience’s estimated need for cognition.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57883583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an exploratory study, bilingual individuals were presented with a list of English, French and interlingual homograph (IH) words that exist in both lexicons but differ in meaning (e.g., coin means “corner” in French). Participants were then shown pictorial representations of these stimuli (of both referents for interlingual homographs) and asked to decide whether each had appeared on the prior list. There was a main effect of word category for both accuracy and reaction times (RTs): English and French interlingual homograph items resulted in responses that were slower and less accurate than non-interlingual homograph items. This new paradigm provides an important advantage to researchers. Because recognition is not affected by surface features, it is a more accurate evaluation of conceptual representation. Results are discussed in light of bilingual processing models. It is important to note that the fluency in each language was not measured so it was not possible to ensure that the language-dominant groups differed significantly in their proficiency from the balanced bilingual group. Additional studies are needed to verify the findings reported herein.
{"title":"Interlingual Homograph Recognition by Bilinguals: A New Paradigm","authors":"Lynne N. Kennette, Lisa R. Van Havermaet","doi":"10.1037/e534932013-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e534932013-002","url":null,"abstract":"In an exploratory study, bilingual individuals were presented with a list of English, French and interlingual homograph (IH) words that exist in both lexicons but differ in meaning (e.g., coin means “corner” in French). Participants were then shown pictorial representations of these stimuli (of both referents for interlingual homographs) and asked to decide whether each had appeared on the prior list. There was a main effect of word category for both accuracy and reaction times (RTs): English and French interlingual homograph items resulted in responses that were slower and less accurate than non-interlingual homograph items. This new paradigm provides an important advantage to researchers. Because recognition is not affected by surface features, it is a more accurate evaluation of conceptual representation. Results are discussed in light of bilingual processing models. It is important to note that the fluency in each language was not measured so it was not possible to ensure that the language-dominant groups differed significantly in their proficiency from the balanced bilingual group. Additional studies are needed to verify the findings reported herein.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57883754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although numerous researchers have found that young children have difficulty perceiving both a concrete and an abstract dimension of a symbol (i.e., achieving dual representation), few researchers have examined the reasoning behind this difficulty. In this study, individual differences in cognitive flexibility as they relate to achieving dual representation are examined. Participants (children at 30, 36 and 42 months) completed a standard scale model task (to assess dual representation) and a Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task (to assess cognitive flexibility). It was expected that children with good cognitive flexibility would perform better on a task of dual representation than would children with poor cognitive flexibility. Although hypotheses were not supported, findings from this data warrant future investigations on this topic. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"Perseverators are \"Stuck\" on a Concrete Dimension: Individual Differences in Achieving Dual Representation","authors":"M. Bright","doi":"10.1037/E505232012-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/E505232012-004","url":null,"abstract":"Although numerous researchers have found that young children have difficulty perceiving both a concrete and an abstract dimension of a symbol (i.e., achieving dual representation), few researchers have examined the reasoning behind this difficulty. In this study, individual differences in cognitive flexibility as they relate to achieving dual representation are examined. Participants (children at 30, 36 and 42 months) completed a standard scale model task (to assess dual representation) and a Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task (to assess cognitive flexibility). It was expected that children with good cognitive flexibility would perform better on a task of dual representation than would children with poor cognitive flexibility. Although hypotheses were not supported, findings from this data warrant future investigations on this topic. Limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"117 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57870215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study examined whether individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology would vary in their aggressive behavior following mood induction. One hundred and eighty-four males and females were randomly assigned to a neutral, sad, or anger mood induction. Following mood induction, individuals participated in an aggression paradigm disguised as a competitive reaction-time task wherein they were free to administer or refrain from administering shocks to an ostensible opponent. Results indicated that there were no main effects of gender, BPD symptomatology, or condition on aggressive behavior. Explication of a three-way interaction among BPD, gender, and condition revealed that when experiencing negative affect (anger or sadness), females endorsing higher levels of BPD symptomatology were less physically aggressive than their low BPD symptomatology counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to emotion regulation.
{"title":"Impact of Negative Affect and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptomatology on Agressive Behavior","authors":"L. A. Seibert-Hatalsky, Lauren F. Wilson","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-006","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined whether individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology would vary in their aggressive behavior following mood induction. One hundred and eighty-four males and females were randomly assigned to a neutral, sad, or anger mood induction. Following mood induction, individuals participated in an aggression paradigm disguised as a competitive reaction-time task wherein they were free to administer or refrain from administering shocks to an ostensible opponent. Results indicated that there were no main effects of gender, BPD symptomatology, or condition on aggressive behavior. Explication of a three-way interaction among BPD, gender, and condition revealed that when experiencing negative affect (anger or sadness), females endorsing higher levels of BPD symptomatology were less physically aggressive than their low BPD symptomatology counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to emotion regulation.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57870348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship between obese range Body Mass Index (BMI) and personality variables as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The sample consisted of 129 obese participants referred for preoperative psychological evaluation. Each completed an MMPI-2 and clinical interview. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of personality variables to the prediction of variance in obese range BMI. Age, Scale 9 (Hypomania), and Scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate) emerged as statistically significant predictors of BMI. Each predicted 7.8%, 6.4%, and 3.1% of the variance of participant BMI, respectively, with a combined prediction power of 17.3%. F-scores for the final, best fit model, with age on Level 1 and Scale 9 and Scale 4 on Level 2, were statistically significant (p<.0009). Results suggest severely obese bariatric surgery candidates may be more prone to impulsivity, irritability, and instability. However, limited predictive power of MMPI-2 scales indicates restricted clinical utility.
{"title":"Personality and Obese Body Mass Index","authors":"M. Valenti, M. Omizo, L. Mehl‐Madrona","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-007","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between obese range Body Mass Index (BMI) and personality variables as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The sample consisted of 129 obese participants referred for preoperative psychological evaluation. Each completed an MMPI-2 and clinical interview. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of personality variables to the prediction of variance in obese range BMI. Age, Scale 9 (Hypomania), and Scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate) emerged as statistically significant predictors of BMI. Each predicted 7.8%, 6.4%, and 3.1% of the variance of participant BMI, respectively, with a combined prediction power of 17.3%. F-scores for the final, best fit model, with age on Level 1 and Scale 9 and Scale 4 on Level 2, were statistically significant (p<.0009). Results suggest severely obese bariatric surgery candidates may be more prone to impulsivity, irritability, and instability. However, limited predictive power of MMPI-2 scales indicates restricted clinical utility.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57870479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of interracial couples in the United States has increased rapidly since anti-miscegenation laws were repealed in 1967. Early stereotypes conceptualized interracial couples as pathological, highlighting the importance of research addressing the psychosocial functioning of these couples and multiracial families. This article provides a summary of research on the psychosocial functioning of interracial couples, multiracial children, and parent-child relationships in multiracial families. Results across these domains suggest that multiracial families are not pathological but rather that they are normal families faced with unique challenges. Counseling options to support multiracial families navigate such challenges are discussed. Themes emerging from research on the psychosocial functioning of multiracial families are identified and avenues for future research are suggested.
{"title":"Normal Families Facing Unique Challenges: The Psychosocial Functioning of Multiracial Couples, Parents and Children","authors":"J. Wilt","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-001","url":null,"abstract":"The number of interracial couples in the United States has increased rapidly since anti-miscegenation laws were repealed in 1967. Early stereotypes conceptualized interracial couples as pathological, highlighting the importance of research addressing the psychosocial functioning of these couples and multiracial families. This article provides a summary of research on the psychosocial functioning of interracial couples, multiracial children, and parent-child relationships in multiracial families. Results across these domains suggest that multiracial families are not pathological but rather that they are normal families faced with unique challenges. Counseling options to support multiracial families navigate such challenges are discussed. Themes emerging from research on the psychosocial functioning of multiracial families are identified and avenues for future research are suggested.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57869966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fourteen people with normal hearing participated in a study that used signal detection theory to examine central auditory masking. Participants were tested in a sound-attenuating chamber. Absolute thresholds for stimuli (1000 Hz pure-tone, white noise masker at 40 dB SL) were established: first for the tone, then for the tone in combination with the masker in the contralateral ear. A mean threshold increase (3.8 dB) demonstrated central masking. Contrary to prediction, a paired-samples t-test revealed significant shifts in participant sensitivity (d´) [t (10) = 4.46, p < .001], suggesting that participants’ sensitivity to the tone decreased in the masking condition. These findings provide support for the theory that central masking is an auditory processing phenomenon.
14名听力正常的人参加了一项研究，该研究使用信号检测理论来检查中枢听觉掩蔽。参与者在一个声音衰减室中接受测试。建立刺激的绝对阈值(1000 Hz纯音，40 dB SL的白噪声掩蔽器):首先是音调，然后是对侧耳中与掩蔽器结合的音调。平均阈值增加(3.8 dB)表明中心掩蔽。与预测相反，配对样本t检验显示，参与者的敏感性发生了显著变化(d´)[t (10) = 4.46, p < .001]，表明在掩蔽条件下，参与者对音调的敏感性降低了。这些发现为中央掩蔽是一种听觉加工现象的理论提供了支持。
{"title":"Central Masking: Fact or Artifact?","authors":"Alison L. McQueen, James G. Terhune","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-002","url":null,"abstract":"Fourteen people with normal hearing participated in a study that used signal detection theory to examine central auditory masking. Participants were tested in a sound-attenuating chamber. Absolute thresholds for stimuli (1000 Hz pure-tone, white noise masker at 40 dB SL) were established: first for the tone, then for the tone in combination with the masker in the contralateral ear. A mean threshold increase (3.8 dB) demonstrated central masking. Contrary to prediction, a paired-samples t-test revealed significant shifts in participant sensitivity (d´) [t (10) = 4.46, p < .001], suggesting that participants’ sensitivity to the tone decreased in the masking condition. These findings provide support for the theory that central masking is an auditory processing phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57869707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research explores the relationship between moral evaluations and intuitions about the causes of human behavior, in particular freedom of the will. Two studies test for a self-serving bias in intuitions about free will. Study 1 explores whether individuals may seek to exculpate themselves from wrongdoing by denying free will, while justifying blame of others by endorsing free will. Study 2 explores whether individuals may justify personal failures by denying free will, while taking credit for personal successes by endorsing free will. In neither study do the data show the predicted differences between conditions. However, an unexpected finding is reported. By pooling the data from both experiments and collapsing across conditions, it is shown that participants give greater endorsement of free will whenever actions are described from a first-person, instead of third-person, perspective—a tentative “I have more free will than you do” effect. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, as are avenues for further research on this topic.
{"title":"Do I Have More Free Will Than You Do? An Unexpected Asymmetry in Intuitions About Personal Freedom","authors":"B. Earp","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-003","url":null,"abstract":"The present research explores the relationship between moral evaluations and intuitions about the causes of human behavior, in particular freedom of the will. Two studies test for a self-serving bias in intuitions about free will. Study 1 explores whether individuals may seek to exculpate themselves from wrongdoing by denying free will, while justifying blame of others by endorsing free will. Study 2 explores whether individuals may justify personal failures by denying free will, while taking credit for personal successes by endorsing free will. In neither study do the data show the predicted differences between conditions. However, an unexpected finding is reported. By pooling the data from both experiments and collapsing across conditions, it is shown that participants give greater endorsement of free will whenever actions are described from a first-person, instead of third-person, perspective—a tentative “I have more free will than you do” effect. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, as are avenues for further research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57870163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study examined the relationship between inclusion of other in the self (a theoretically distinct conceptualization of relationship closeness) and self-disclosure. These constructs were also examined in association with relationship outcomes of satisfaction and commitment. Analysis of the data indicated that inclusion of other in the self and self-disclosure in a relationship were each significantly positively correlated with both relationship satisfaction and commitment. However, there was no significant correlation between inclusion of other in the self and self-disclosure. Further analysis of the data revealed that self-disclosure moderated the relationship between inclusion of other in the self and relationship commitment. Implications for understanding inclusion of other in the self as a distinct theoretical perspective of relationship closeness are discussed.
{"title":"A Distinct Association: Inclusion of Other in the Self and Self-Disclosure","authors":"Daniel J. Weidler, E. Clark","doi":"10.1037/e505232012-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e505232012-005","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined the relationship between inclusion of other in the self (a theoretically distinct conceptualization of relationship closeness) and self-disclosure. These constructs were also examined in association with relationship outcomes of satisfaction and commitment. Analysis of the data indicated that inclusion of other in the self and self-disclosure in a relationship were each significantly positively correlated with both relationship satisfaction and commitment. However, there was no significant correlation between inclusion of other in the self and self-disclosure. Further analysis of the data revealed that self-disclosure moderated the relationship between inclusion of other in the self and relationship commitment. Implications for understanding inclusion of other in the self as a distinct theoretical perspective of relationship closeness are discussed.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57870287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boredom proneness has been associated with a wide range of social and psychological problems. According to the attentional theory of boredom proneness, boredom results from a deficit in attention (Harris, 2000). The current study investigated the relationship between mindfulness (the ability to attend to the immediate environment) and boredom proneness, as well as the relationship between mindfulness and negative outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and substance use. Subjects (n=138) completed the Boredom Proneness Scale (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983), and a substance use questionnaire. Results show that boredom proneness correlated positively with anxiety, depression, and substance use, and negatively with mindfulness. In addition, mindfulness correlated negatively with anxiety, depression, and substance use. The current study provides initial evidence regarding the relationship between boredom proneness and mindfulness. Future research addressing the nature of this relationship is of importance, given the need for an intervention to address the negative consequences of boredom.
{"title":"Relationships Between Boredom Proneness, Mindfulness, Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use","authors":"Nicole Lepera","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-003","url":null,"abstract":"Boredom proneness has been associated with a wide range of social and psychological problems. According to the attentional theory of boredom proneness, boredom results from a deficit in attention (Harris, 2000). The current study investigated the relationship between mindfulness (the ability to attend to the immediate environment) and boredom proneness, as well as the relationship between mindfulness and negative outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and substance use. Subjects (n=138) completed the Boredom Proneness Scale (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983), and a substance use questionnaire. Results show that boredom proneness correlated positively with anxiety, depression, and substance use, and negatively with mindfulness. In addition, mindfulness correlated negatively with anxiety, depression, and substance use. The current study provides initial evidence regarding the relationship between boredom proneness and mindfulness. Future research addressing the nature of this relationship is of importance, given the need for an intervention to address the negative consequences of boredom.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"99 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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