Traditional means through which successful separation-individuation occurs, although popular, have undergone criticism. In the current study, involving 188 undergraduate students from a university in the Pacific Northwest, the focus was on the attainment of separation-individuation through more contemporary means. Quantitative findings supported such contemporary means of the attainment of separation-individuation in that participants who identified as allocentric or enmeshed were able to successfully accomplish this crucial developmental task. Clinical implications call for the consideration of the supportive influence that both allocentrism and enmeshment can have on the separation-individuation of the individual.
{"title":"Revisiting Adolescent Separation-Individuation in the Contexts of Enmeshment and Allocentrism","authors":"A. M. Barrera, Markie L. C. Blummer, S. Soenksen","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-008","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional means through which successful separation-individuation occurs, although popular, have undergone criticism. In the current study, involving 188 undergraduate students from a university in the Pacific Northwest, the focus was on the attainment of separation-individuation through more contemporary means. Quantitative findings supported such contemporary means of the attainment of separation-individuation in that participants who identified as allocentric or enmeshed were able to successfully accomplish this crucial developmental task. Clinical implications call for the consideration of the supportive influence that both allocentrism and enmeshment can have on the separation-individuation of the individual.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engagement in health-promoting behaviors plays an important role in successful aging and may delay the onset and progression of disability in later life. The current study examined a model of health promotion using age, perceived functional limitation, and affective beliefs (e.g., positive affect and negative affect) as predictors of health-responsibility behaviors. Participants were 122 adults between the ages of 40 and 88 who completed measures via an online survey. Results indicate that perceived functional limitation both directly and indirectly, through its association with positive affect, influence health-responsibility behaviors. Adults who perceived more severe functional limitations and experienced greater positive affect reported engagement in more health-responsibility behaviors. This finding suggests that positive affect may be an underlying mechanism by which functional limitation influences engagement in health-promoting behaviors. These results may also have important clinical implications for the use of positive affect as an indicator of health functioning among middle-aged and older adults with chronic illness.
{"title":"PERCEIVED FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION DURING MID- TO LATE LIFE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF AFFECT","authors":"Sarah T. Stahl, J. Patrick","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-004","url":null,"abstract":"Engagement in health-promoting behaviors plays an important role in successful aging and may delay the onset and progression of disability in later life. The current study examined a model of health promotion using age, perceived functional limitation, and affective beliefs (e.g., positive affect and negative affect) as predictors of health-responsibility behaviors. Participants were 122 adults between the ages of 40 and 88 who completed measures via an online survey. Results indicate that perceived functional limitation both directly and indirectly, through its association with positive affect, influence health-responsibility behaviors. Adults who perceived more severe functional limitations and experienced greater positive affect reported engagement in more health-responsibility behaviors. This finding suggests that positive affect may be an underlying mechanism by which functional limitation influences engagement in health-promoting behaviors. These results may also have important clinical implications for the use of positive affect as an indicator of health functioning among middle-aged and older adults with chronic illness.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides support for utilizing a virtual reality treatment intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Initially, this investigation reviews current IBS treatments and virtual reality applications, followed by a discussion section that describes how virtual reality may have the ability to deliver a more comprehensive treatment option than current treatments alone. This is attributed to virtual reality’s potential to incorporate a diversity of treatment elements found to produce positive outcomes for IBS sufferers, in particular, the analgesic effects of virtual reality as applied to abdominal pain. Abdominal pain in IBS sufferers is given special attention in this article, both because of the virtual reality–pain connection and because it is a pervasive symptom of IBS sufferers. This article concludes that virtual reality has the ability to treat abdominal pain in IBS sufferers while remaining versatile enough to incorporate, or work in conjunction with, other established treatment options.
{"title":"Virtual Reality as a Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"M. Monsour","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-005","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides support for utilizing a virtual reality treatment intervention for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Initially, this investigation reviews current IBS treatments and virtual reality applications, followed by a discussion section that describes how virtual reality may have the ability to deliver a more comprehensive treatment option than current treatments alone. This is attributed to virtual reality’s potential to incorporate a diversity of treatment elements found to produce positive outcomes for IBS sufferers, in particular, the analgesic effects of virtual reality as applied to abdominal pain. Abdominal pain in IBS sufferers is given special attention in this article, both because of the virtual reality–pain connection and because it is a pervasive symptom of IBS sufferers. This article concludes that virtual reality has the ability to treat abdominal pain in IBS sufferers while remaining versatile enough to incorporate, or work in conjunction with, other established treatment options.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effectiveness of a laziness disclaimer in forestalling negative impressions, as well as the underlying mechanisms behind disclaimer backfiring. A sample of 180 primarily Asian participants completed questionnaires that assessed the effects of disclaimer use on laziness perceptions, liking, and general positive impressions, as well as three mechanisms (priming, thought suppression rebound, and confirmation bias) that could explain disclaimer inefficacy. The laziness disclaimer had no significant effects on perceptions of laziness, suggesting that disclaimers may not actually forestall negative retypification. Furthermore, disclaimer use, compared to no disclaimer use, had significant negative effects on liking and other positive impressions when it preceded a subsequent lazy statement. Confirmation bias most strongly explained why disclaimers do not work. The results of this study suggest that disclaimers do not fulfill their intended purpose of preventing negative perceptions because they provide trait information that enables individuals to make shortcuts to impression-formation.
{"title":"Is it possible to appear less lazy? Disclaimer efficacy in social interaction","authors":"Natasha N. Riard, M. Jory","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-007","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of a laziness disclaimer in forestalling negative impressions, as well as the underlying mechanisms behind disclaimer backfiring. A sample of 180 primarily Asian participants completed questionnaires that assessed the effects of disclaimer use on laziness perceptions, liking, and general positive impressions, as well as three mechanisms (priming, thought suppression rebound, and confirmation bias) that could explain disclaimer inefficacy. The laziness disclaimer had no significant effects on perceptions of laziness, suggesting that disclaimers may not actually forestall negative retypification. Furthermore, disclaimer use, compared to no disclaimer use, had significant negative effects on liking and other positive impressions when it preceded a subsequent lazy statement. Confirmation bias most strongly explained why disclaimers do not work. The results of this study suggest that disclaimers do not fulfill their intended purpose of preventing negative perceptions because they provide trait information that enables individuals to make shortcuts to impression-formation.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of interviewer race on low-income African American female hurricane survivors' reports of racism during Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath (N = 41). Respondents were asked directly about the role of racism during the storm and evacuation by one of three interviewers (two White females and one African American female). Contrary to expectations, respondents were not significantly more likely to agree that racism played a role during the hurricane and its aftermath when with an African American interviewer compared to a White interviewer. However, when speaking to the White interviewers versus the African American interviewer, respondents were significantly more likely to use qualifying and contradictory statements and to make references to other races also being victims of the hurricane.
{"title":"African American Women's Reports of Racism during Hurricane Katrina: Variation by Interviewer Race.","authors":"S. Lowe, K. Lustig, Helen B. Marrow","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-006","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of interviewer race on low-income African American female hurricane survivors' reports of racism during Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath (N = 41). Respondents were asked directly about the role of racism during the storm and evacuation by one of three interviewers (two White females and one African American female). Contrary to expectations, respondents were not significantly more likely to agree that racism played a role during the hurricane and its aftermath when with an African American interviewer compared to a White interviewer. However, when speaking to the White interviewers versus the African American interviewer, respondents were significantly more likely to use qualifying and contradictory statements and to make references to other races also being victims of the hurricane.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 2 1","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, high school drug education programs lack information about the relationship between negative life events and substance use. The research described here was designed to explore the relationships between the experience of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), daily hassles, depression, and adolescent drug usage. A questionnaire including measures of abuse (Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire), daily hassles (Inventory of High-School Students Recent Life Experiences), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and substance use (Nova Scotia Drug Survey) was completed by 112 male and 78 female high school students. The findings supported the self-medication hypothesis and indicated that both abuse and daily hassles were related to the use of substances (e.g., alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs) and that the relationship between daily hassles and substance use was mediated by depression. In turn, the use of alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs increased the likelihood of illicit drug use. Drug education strategies that emphasize the importance of coping skills and the role of depression as an antecedent to drug use are discussed.
{"title":"Pathways among Abuse, Daily Hassles, Depression, and Substance Use in Adolescents","authors":"S. Bailey, K. Covell","doi":"10.1037/e741452011-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741452011-002","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, high school drug education programs lack information about the relationship between negative life events and substance use. The research described here was designed to explore the relationships between the experience of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), daily hassles, depression, and adolescent drug usage. A questionnaire including measures of abuse (Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire), daily hassles (Inventory of High-School Students Recent Life Experiences), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and substance use (Nova Scotia Drug Survey) was completed by 112 male and 78 female high school students. The findings supported the self-medication hypothesis and indicated that both abuse and daily hassles were related to the use of substances (e.g., alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs) and that the relationship between daily hassles and substance use was mediated by depression. In turn, the use of alcohol and non-medical use of prescription drugs increased the likelihood of illicit drug use. Drug education strategies that emphasize the importance of coping skills and the role of depression as an antecedent to drug use are discussed.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"43 1","pages":"4-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of interviewer race on low-income African American female hurricane survivors' reports of racism during Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath (N = 41). Respondents were asked directly about the role of racism during the storm and evacuation by one of three interviewers (two White females and one African American female). Contrary to expectations, respondents were not significantly more likely to agree that racism played a role during the hurricane and its aftermath when with an African American interviewer compared to a White interviewer. However, when speaking to the White interviewers versus the African American interviewer, respondents were significantly more likely to use qualifying and contradictory statements and to make references to other races also being victims of the hurricane.
{"title":"African American Women's Reports of Racism during Hurricane Katrina: Variation by Interviewer Race.","authors":"Sarah R Lowe, Kara Lustig, Helen B Marrow","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of interviewer race on low-income African American female hurricane survivors' reports of racism during Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath (<i>N</i> = 41). Respondents were asked directly about the role of racism during the storm and evacuation by one of three interviewers (two White females and one African American female). Contrary to expectations, respondents were not significantly more likely to agree that racism played a role during the hurricane and its aftermath when with an African American interviewer compared to a White interviewer. However, when speaking to the White interviewers versus the African American interviewer, respondents were significantly more likely to use qualifying and contradictory statements and to make references to other races also being victims of the hurricane.</p>","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 2","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583345/pdf/nihms-410620.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31372205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One hundred sixty-six unmarried college students from continuously intact families, terminated parental cohabiting unions, and divorced homes participated in the current study. Participants from terminated parental cohabitating unions and parental divorced homes differed in their experiences with parental absence. Differences were also found across all three groups for dating behaviors and relationship attitudes. Participants from cohabiting unions were the youngest at their first crush, had more dating partners, more cohabiting relationships, more of a desire to end their current relationship, more positive attitudes about cohabitation and out-of-wedlock births, and more negative attitudes regarding marriage than the other two groups. Regression analyses were used to explain the dating behaviors and relationship attitudes of participants from terminated parental cohabiting unions and divorced homes with the model being more predictive of participants from cohabiting unions.
{"title":"Family Structure Variations and Intimate Relationships of the Children Involved","authors":"Chrysalis L. Wright","doi":"10.1037/e741462011-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741462011-003","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred sixty-six unmarried college students from continuously intact families, terminated parental cohabiting unions, and divorced homes participated in the current study. Participants from terminated parental cohabitating unions and parental divorced homes differed in their experiences with parental absence. Differences were also found across all three groups for dating behaviors and relationship attitudes. Participants from cohabiting unions were the youngest at their first crush, had more dating partners, more cohabiting relationships, more of a desire to end their current relationship, more positive attitudes about cohabitation and out-of-wedlock births, and more negative attitudes regarding marriage than the other two groups. Regression analyses were used to explain the dating behaviors and relationship attitudes of participants from terminated parental cohabiting unions and divorced homes with the model being more predictive of participants from cohabiting unions.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besides the widely known risks to physical health, smoking cigarettes appears to pose mental health risks as well. However, research and public awareness campaigns typically focus on the relationship between smoking and physical health issues. Research has also paid significant attention to smoking as a self-medicating behavior. However, little attention has been given to research focused on cigarette smoking as a risk factor for the onset of psychological disorders. In this literature review, cigarette smoking is examined in its role as a catalyst for psychiatric illnesses. Increased awareness in this area may be particularly beneficial for mental health providers, healthcare practitioners, smokers, and individuals contemplating whether to smoke.
{"title":"Tobacco-Induced Diseases: An Emphasis on Mental Health Conditions that May Result from Cigarette Use","authors":"Kimberly Glazier","doi":"10.1037/e741462011-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741462011-007","url":null,"abstract":"Besides the widely known risks to physical health, smoking cigarettes appears to pose mental health risks as well. However, research and public awareness campaigns typically focus on the relationship between smoking and physical health issues. Research has also paid significant attention to smoking as a self-medicating behavior. However, little attention has been given to research focused on cigarette smoking as a risk factor for the onset of psychological disorders. In this literature review, cigarette smoking is examined in its role as a catalyst for psychiatric illnesses. Increased awareness in this area may be particularly beneficial for mental health providers, healthcare practitioners, smokers, and individuals contemplating whether to smoke.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57938164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the relationship between gender, body weight and psychological well-being among a sample of college students. Results indicated that compared to participants in the “normal” weight range, participants classified as “over weight/obese” reported lower levels of life satisfaction. Further analyses found that among males, but not females, increases in body mass index (BMI) were associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Results are discussed in relation to stigma theory and gender-specific cultural norms regarding weight.
{"title":"Gender Differences between Body Weight and Psychological Well-Being during Young Adulthood: A Brief Report","authors":"Stacy A. Ogbeide, C. Neumann, C. Diane","doi":"10.1037/e741462011-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e741462011-005","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between gender, body weight and psychological well-being among a sample of college students. Results indicated that compared to participants in the “normal” weight range, participants classified as “over weight/obese” reported lower levels of life satisfaction. Further analyses found that among males, but not females, increases in body mass index (BMI) were associated with lower levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Results are discussed in relation to stigma theory and gender-specific cultural norms regarding weight.","PeriodicalId":30144,"journal":{"name":"The New School Psychology Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57937449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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