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Llegar a ser alferez 成为旗手
Pub Date : 2020-02-17 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v41i2.6195
C. Remorini, Analía Jacob, M. Morgante, L. Teves
Etnográficamente caracterizamos los procesos de aprendizaje de niños, niñas y jóvenes por medio de su participación en la celebración de la Fiestas Patronales de un pueblo de los Valles Calchaquíes (Salta). Nos focalizamos en el desarrollo de las habilidades necesarias que les permiten intervenir en actividades y relaciones de cooperación en el marco de una institución -los grupos de alfereces-. Mediante entrevistas a alfereces de distinto género y edad; y la observación etnográfica y registro audiovisual de la celebración, identificamos aspectos relevantes a este rol: cómo se inician en la práctica, qué habilidades deben desarrollar, qué actividades realizan, qué condiciones favorecen y restringen la continuidad de esta institución. Esta celebración requiere del esfuerzo coordinado de distintos grupos de alfereces, instituciones y vecinos; y constituye la única instancia de aprendizaje y puesta en práctica de habilidades necesarias para devenir alferez, en un contexto donde el intercambio generacional y la reciprocidad son centrales.
从人种学的角度来看,我们通过参加卡尔查基山谷(萨尔塔)一个村庄的守护神节来描述男孩、女孩和年轻人的学习过程。我们的重点是发展必要的技能,使他们能够在一个机构-阿尔费雷斯小组的框架内参与活动和合作关系。通过对不同性别和年龄的人的采访;以及对庆祝活动的人种学观察和视听记录,我们确定了与这一作用有关的方面:它们是如何在实践中开始的,它们必须发展什么技能,它们开展什么活动,什么条件有利于和限制这一机构的连续性。这一庆祝活动需要不同团体、机构和邻居的协调努力;它是在代际交流和互惠至关重要的背景下,学习和实践成为少尉所需技能的唯一实例。
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引用次数: 0
Dinámicas de la “cultura” Apuntes etnográficos entre mbya y jurua en la región de San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina 阿根廷Misiones圣伊格纳西奥地区mbya和jurua之间的“文化”动态民族志笔记
Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.5536
L. Greco
espanolAnalizare contextos donde diversos colectivos indigenas mbya y jurua (no indigenas) realizan acciones conjuntas que involucran nociones de “cultura” en la region de San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina. Las reflexiones emergen de mi participacion en un colectivo de trabajo audiovisual asi como de mi investigacion de posdoctorado en comunidades y una Escuela Intercultural Bilingue aledanas a San Ignacio. Busco entender los modos en que se producen diferencias, identificaciones y alianzas entre los diversos colectivos mbya y jurua en los conflictivos contextos de cercamiento territorial contemporaneos. Contextualizare estas interacciones en el marco de politicas de identidad estatales y profundizare en los modos en que los colectivos mbya realizan proyectos de existencia al construir-resaltar su diferencia y relacion ante la sociedad no indigena asi como los modos en que los diversos colectivos jurua analizados acompanan estos proyectos. EnglishI will analyze contexts in which mbya and jurua (non-indigenous) collectives lead up actions related to mbya “culture” in San Ignacio area, Misiones, Argentina. These considerations emerge from my participation in an audio visual working collective as from my post PH research between communities and in an Intercultural Bilingual School in San Ignacio area. I reach an understanding of the ways in which mbyaand jurua collectives produce differences, identifications and alliances in the conflictive contemporary contexts of terri-torial enclosure. I will contextualize these interactions in the frame of State identity policies and I will focus in the ways in which mbyacollectives perform their existence projects by building and by emphasizing their difference and relation in front of non-indigenous society. I will focus also in the ways in which the different jurua collectives support these projects. portuguesAnalisarei contextos onde diversos coletivos indigenas mbya e jurua (nao indigenas) realizam acoes conjuntas que envolvem nocoes de “cultura” na regiao de San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina. As reflexoes emergem da minha participacao num coletivo de trabalho audiovisual assim como de minha pesquisa pos- doutoral em comunidades e numa Escola Intercultural Bilingue lindeiras com San Ignacio. Procuro entender os modos em que sao produzidas diferencas, identificacoes e aliancas entre os diversos coletivos mbya e jurua nos conflituosos contextos de fechamento territorial contemporâneos. Contextualizarei estas interacoes no marco das politicas de identidade estatais e aprofundarei nos modos em que os coletivos mbya realizam seus projetos de existencia construindo e destacando sua diferenca e relacao perante a sociedade nao indigena, assim como os modos em que os diversos coletivos juruaanalisados acompanham estes projetos.
西班牙将分析各种姆比亚和朱鲁阿土著群体(非土著)采取联合行动的背景,这些行动涉及阿根廷米西奥斯圣伊格纳西奥地区的“文化”概念。这些反思源于我参加了一个视听工作小组,以及我在圣伊格纳西奥的社区和阿莱达纳斯双语跨文化学校的博士后研究。我试图了解在当代领土封闭的冲突背景下,不同的姆比亚和朱鲁阿群体之间发生差异、认同和联盟的方式。他们将在国家身份政策的框架内将这些互动联系起来,并深入研究MBYA群体在建设时执行存在项目的方式-强调他们与非土著社会的差异和关系,以及所分析的各种侏罗纪群体伴随这些项目的方式。Englishi将分析Mbya和Jurua(非土著)群体在阿根廷米西奥斯圣伊格纳西奥地区领导与Mbya“文化”有关的行动的背景。这些考虑源于我参加一个视听工作集体,以及我在社区之间的博士后研究和圣伊格纳西奥地区的一所跨文化双语学校。我了解姆比亚和朱鲁阿群体在领土封锁的当代冲突背景下产生差异、认同和联盟的方式。我将在国家身份政策的框架内将这些互动联系起来,并将重点关注姆比亚Collectives通过建设和强调他们在非土著社会面前的差异和关系来执行其存在项目的方式。我还将重点关注不同的Jurua集体支持这些项目的方式。葡萄牙人AnalysariaRei Contextos Onde各种土著Mbya和Jurua系列(NAO Indigenas)进行联合活动,涵盖阿根廷米西奥斯圣伊格纳西奥地区的“文化”概念。作为Reflexos Emergem da Minha参加了Trabalho视听Assim的Num系列活动,如De Minha Pesquisa Pos-Doutoral EM Comunidas和Numa Escola跨文化双语Lindeiras Com San Ignacio。我试图了解SAO Produzidas在不同的MBYA和Jurua Nos系列之间的不同、身份认同和盟友的EM模式,这些系列融合了当代领土归属的背景。将这些非马可·达斯(Marco Das)成员的身份政策置于背景中,并批准我们的EM模式,这些EM模式是MBYA系列通过构建和强调与Sociedade Nao Indigena的Sua Differenca和Relacao Peracua来实现其存在项目的,Assim作为与这些项目一起分析的各种法律收藏的EM模式。
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引用次数: 0
Casas, programas sociales y prácticas políticas colectivas Etnografía de experiencias cotidianas de mujeres titulares del “Argentina Trabaja” 家庭、社会项目和集体政治实践“阿根廷工作”妇女日常经历的人种学
Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.5546
F. Pacífico
Este artículo propone un abordaje etnográfico de las prácticas políticas colectivas desarrolladas por mujeres titulares del programa “Argentina Trabaja” considerando la relación entre las formas de organización puestas en marcha por las cooperativas y aquello que sucede en las viviendas –su construcción, reforma y movimientos–. Dialogando con abordajes antropológicos sobre las casas, se planteará que aquello que las personas producen colectivamente a partir de un programa estatal y del desarrollo de prácticas de militancia se materializa en transformaciones en las viviendas y en la circulación de objetos entre quienes las habitan. Se propone contribuir a una reflexión más amplia en torno a los modos en que se define qué es la “política” y cuál es el sentido que la participación en modalidades de organización colectiva tiene en las vidas de las personas.
本文提出了一种民族志方法,以“阿根廷工作”方案的妇女所发展的集体政治实践为基础,考虑到合作社发起的组织形式与住房中发生的事情(其建设、改革和运动)之间的关系。通过对住房的人类学方法的对话,我们将提出,人们从国家计划和军事实践的发展中集体生产的东西,在住房的转变和居住在其中的人之间的物体流通中具体化。它的目的是促进对“政治”的定义方式以及参与集体组织模式对人们生活的意义的更广泛的思考。
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引用次数: 1
Reseña de Daich, Deborah. Tras las huellas de Ruth Mary Kelly: feminismos y prostitución en la Buenos Aires del siglo XX. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Biblos. 2019 黛奇的评论,黛博拉。在露丝·玛丽·凯利的足迹之后:20世纪布宜诺斯艾利斯的女权主义和卖淫。布宜诺斯艾利斯自治市:比布洛斯。2019年
Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.6411
Estefanía Martynowskyj
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引用次数: 0
Circulación de niños. Entre actuaciones estatales e iniciativas populares 儿童运动。在国家行动和民众倡议之间
Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.6272
Agustín Barna
In this article, from the reconstruction and in-depth analysis of an ethnographic situation which is a part of an investigation in a Local Service of Protection of Children’s Rights of the Buenos Aires conurban, I try to characterize some significant dimensions of the contemporary modalities of childhood management in the era of their rights. I reconstruct here interactions that, within the framework of normative and moral horizons that ponder “co-responsibility” and “community participation” in the “restitution of children’s rights”, expose particular imbrications in which certain state actions are overprinted on a repertoire of popular initiatives linked to relationships of mutual aid and proximity. Social practices such as the circulation of children expose a deeply complex and hybrid configuration, in which state productivity and popular initiatives; formality and informality; durability and mutability; adoption, guards and fosterage, converge to varying degrees
在这篇文章中,我试图通过重建和深入分析一个民族志情况,来描述在他们的权利时代,当代儿童管理模式的一些重要方面。我在这里重建了互动,在思考“恢复儿童权利”中的“共同责任”和“社区参与”的规范和道德视野的框架内,这些互动暴露了特定的重叠,在这种重叠中,某些国家行动被夸大在与互助和邻近关系相关的一系列流行倡议上。儿童流动等社会实践暴露出一种极其复杂和混合的结构,其中国家生产力和大众倡议;正式和非正式;耐久性和可变性;收养、保护和寄养,在不同程度上趋同
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引用次数: 0
Entre las fincas y la escuelita bíblica… o policial Un análisis etnográfico sobre el cuidado infantil en contextos rurales de Orán, Salta 在农场和圣经学校之间…或警察对萨尔塔奥兰农村儿童保育的民族志分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.6254
Pia Leavy
The article analyzes from an anthropological perspective the social and cultural organization of child care in rural contexts from Oran (Salta, Argentine). This methodological theoretical perspective recovers feminist´s research on care and social studies on childhood, to explore the processes of childhood construction in rural contexts in Salta and proposes to think of children as active subjects in care organization. The ethnographic work was carried out in rural sectors with Creole and Ava-Guarani families, from Argentine and Bolivia. State interventions are insufficient to respond to the demands of child care in rural contexts, marked by labor informality. Children assume responsibilities in care tasks and have a greater degree of autonomy. Ethnographic perspective allows us to understand the wide acceptance of the children’s police school, as a space that allows defamiliarizing child care tasks.
本文从人类学的角度分析了奥兰(阿根廷萨尔塔)农村儿童保育的社会和文化组织。这种方法论的理论视角恢复了女权主义者对儿童保育的研究和对儿童的社会研究,探讨了萨尔塔农村环境中儿童建设的过程,并提出将儿童视为保育组织中的积极主体。民族志工作是在农村地区与来自阿根廷和玻利维亚的克里奥尔人和阿瓦瓜拉尼人家庭一起进行的。国家干预措施不足以满足以劳动力非正规性为特征的农村儿童保育需求。儿童承担起照顾任务的责任,并有更大程度的自主权。民族志的视角使我们能够理解儿童警察学校的广泛接受,这是一个允许陌生化儿童保育任务的空间。
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引用次数: 5
(Re)descobrindo a adoção no Brasil trinta anos depois do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (再)《儿童和青少年法》颁布三十年后,巴西发现收养
Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.7110
Claudia Fonseca
Based on documental sources and informal interviews with professionals involved in this theme, we propose in this article to describe changes in the field of child adoption in Brazil over the past thirty years. We begin with a methodological observation on the lack of systematic statistics on domestic adoption. We proceed to consider a growing emphasis in recent years on adoption through the National Adoption Registry (in particular of older children) as a solution for the large number of youngsters in institutional care. We suggest that a pragmatic view based on the individualized child’s rights has gained ground, at the same time that discourses on “social justice” and “family reintegration”, associated with the beginning years of the Children’s Code, have been toned down. We then turn to the debates around “direct adoptions”, raising the hypothesis that, although suffering from doubtful legitimacy and zero visibility in official discourse, they exert a great influence on adoption practice in Brazil. We finish by underlining silences in the field of child adoption that hinder the evaluation of present policies as well as the planning of effective policies in the future.
基于文献来源和对参与这一主题的专业人士的非正式采访,我们在本文中建议描述过去三十年来巴西儿童收养领域的变化。我们首先从方法上观察到,国内收养缺乏系统的统计数据。我们着手考虑,近年来越来越重视通过国家收养登记处进行收养(尤其是年龄较大的儿童),以解决机构中大量青少年的问题。我们认为,一种基于个性化儿童权利的务实观点已经深入人心,与此同时,与《儿童法典》最初几年相关的关于“社会正义”和“家庭重新融合”的论述已经减弱。然后,我们转向围绕“直接收养”的辩论,提出了一个假设,即尽管合法性存疑,在官方话语中能见度为零,但它们对巴西的收养实践产生了巨大影响。最后,我们强调了儿童收养领域的沉默,这些沉默阻碍了对当前政策的评估以及对未来有效政策的规划。
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引用次数: 2
Controvérsias em torno do “melhor interesse da criança” indígena no Brasil 关于巴西土著“儿童最大利益”的争议
Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.34096/RUNA.V40I2.6270
S. Nascimento
Since last months of 2017, I participated in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a civil society group organized to support Elida de Oliveira who claims the right to live with his Kaiowa son, who is in an institutional care in the municipality of Dourados since 2015. In order to elucidate what has been denounced by the press as "removal of indigenous children” from their families, I present a case where suspicions about biological maternity from a mother who has not undergone public health procedures, are being used as one of the reasons for the removal of children by authorities of the Protection System. Starting from the political mobilization around the case, I draw attention to the heterogeneous participation of the Guarani and Kaiowa Indians around this debate, considering the historical and social context in which they are.
自2017年最后几个月以来,我在巴西南马托格罗索州参加了一个民间社会团体,该团体旨在支持Elida de Oliveira,他声称有权与他的Kaiowa儿子一起生活,自2015年以来,Kaiowa一直在杜拉多斯市的一家机构护理。为了阐明被媒体谴责为“将土著儿童从家庭中带走”,我提出了一个案例,其中一位未经公共卫生程序的母亲对亲生母亲的怀疑被用作保护系统当局将儿童带走的原因之一Guarani和Kaiowa印第安人围绕着这场辩论,考虑到他们所处的历史和社会背景。
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引用次数: 0
Dentro e fora da escola. Comparando modos de se relacionar em uma comunidade do Tapajós (Pará, Brasil) 在学校内外。比较tapajos社区的联系方式(para,巴西)
Pub Date : 2019-11-02 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.6198
Chantal Medaets
In this paper I compare learning modalities and codes of conduct that govern relations outside the school space, in the daily interactions of a community in the Lower Tapajos region, and those that occur within the school. Are transmission and learning practices in the community and family life the same or do they inform those mobilized in the school setting? The preliminary results indicate that there are significant differences in the patterns of interaction in both spaces and that teachers and students seem to shift from one pattern to the other without demonstrating conflicts.
在这篇论文中,我比较了下塔帕霍斯地区社区日常互动中学校外关系的学习模式和行为准则,以及学校内部的学习模式。社区和家庭生活中的传播和学习实践是否相同,或者它们是否为那些在学校环境中动员起来的人提供了信息?初步结果表明,两个空间的互动模式存在显著差异,教师和学生似乎从一种模式转换到另一种模式,而没有表现出冲突。
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引用次数: 3
“Nuestro norte son los niños”. Subjetividades políticas y colectivización del cuidado infantil en organizaciones sociales del Gran Buenos Aires “我们的北方是孩子。”大布宜诺斯艾利斯社会组织中儿童保育的政治主体性和集体化
Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.34096/runa.v40i2.6282
Laura Santillán
In this article we set out to analyze the images of childhood that different sociopolitical actors put into play in popular neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. We refer to initiatives promoted by residents, volunteers and political activists who have come up with a collectivized proposal for the care of children. We will base our analysis on the records that come from the anthropological and ethnographic field work that we have carried out since 2001 in the north and north-west of Buenos Aires city suburbs (Gran Buenos Aires). The analysis seeks to document the ways in which the production of images regarding children and their needs takes place as the political subjectivities of those who promote these actions are generated and shaped. This process, far from being restricted to adults, involves children fully, who turn out to be active in the processes of construction of those actions that have them as their object.
在这篇文章中,我们开始分析不同的社会政治角色在布宜诺斯艾利斯大都会区受欢迎的社区中发挥作用的童年形象。我们指的是由居民、志愿人员和政治积极分子推动的倡议,他们提出了照顾儿童的集体化建议。我们将根据我们自2001年以来在布宜诺斯艾利斯城郊(大布宜诺斯艾利斯)北部和西北部进行的人类学和人种学实地工作的记录进行分析。该分析试图记录关于儿童及其需要的图像的产生方式,因为促进这些行动的人的政治主体性是产生和形成的。这一过程远不局限于成年人,儿童也完全参与其中,他们在以自己为对象的行为的建构过程中非常活跃。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Runa
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