J. Pearson, K. Brown, R. Finucane, S. Hansen, F. Mcclung, K. Price
The use of multidither coherent optical adaptive techniques (COAT) is rapidly gaining acceptance as a useful tool for removing phase distortions that are introduced on a transmitted laser beam by its associated optical system or by the atmosphere. Earlier multidither COAT system demonstrations1,2 have used planar segmented-aperture piston mirrors for both the phase dither and phase correction functions. High-power laser applications will require continuous-surface mirrors for both the dither and correction functions. The operating characteristics of COAT systems employing deformable mirrors are expected to be significantly different from systems that utilize segmented, pistonlike mirrors. In particular, the deformable mirror can introduce significant coupling between control channels, it can point the entire beam rather than merely changing the transmitted beam phase front in a stepwise manner, and it can cause the servo system to converge with detrimental 2π phase ambiguities in the error signal.
{"title":"Operation of a multidither COAT system with a continuous-surface deformable mirror","authors":"J. Pearson, K. Brown, R. Finucane, S. Hansen, F. Mcclung, K. Price","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thf7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thf7","url":null,"abstract":"The use of multidither coherent optical adaptive techniques (COAT) is rapidly gaining acceptance as a useful tool for removing phase distortions that are introduced on a transmitted laser beam by its associated optical system or by the atmosphere. Earlier multidither COAT system demonstrations1,2 have used planar segmented-aperture piston mirrors for both the phase dither and phase correction functions. High-power laser applications will require continuous-surface mirrors for both the dither and correction functions. The operating characteristics of COAT systems employing deformable mirrors are expected to be significantly different from systems that utilize segmented, pistonlike mirrors. In particular, the deformable mirror can introduce significant coupling between control channels, it can point the entire beam rather than merely changing the transmitted beam phase front in a stepwise manner, and it can cause the servo system to converge with detrimental 2π phase ambiguities in the error signal.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"27 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of low-loss glass-fiber optical waveguides has intensified research in the area of fiber drawing techniques. Many of these fibers are made from fused silica with suitable dopants in the core and clad region, requiring a drawing temperature of over 1900°C. As compared with a furnace or a gas torch, CO2 lasers offer an excellent alternative highly responsive heat source. However, since the output of a laser is a collimated beam, it is necessary to restructure it to provide uniform distribution around the preform circumference.
{"title":"Split beam system for laser drawing of optical fibers","authors":"M. Saifi, R. Borutta","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"Development of low-loss glass-fiber optical waveguides has intensified research in the area of fiber drawing techniques. Many of these fibers are made from fused silica with suitable dopants in the core and clad region, requiring a drawing temperature of over 1900°C. As compared with a furnace or a gas torch, CO2 lasers offer an excellent alternative highly responsive heat source. However, since the output of a laser is a collimated beam, it is necessary to restructure it to provide uniform distribution around the preform circumference.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114816630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past 8 years, compounds of Ga1− x Al x As have been the subject of intensive study for the reproducible fabrication of reliable ir emitting lasers capable of sustained cw operation at and above room temperature. Numerous types of stripe-geometry double heterojunction lasers have been proposed and demonstrated including: (1) lasers with contact stripes isolated using an insulator such as silicon dioxide; (2) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding regions of high resistivity GaAs formed by proton bombardment; (3) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding p−n junction regions which are reversed biased during laser operation.
在过去的8年中，Ga1−x Al x As化合物一直是可重复制造可靠的红外发射激光器的深入研究对象，这些激光器能够在室温及以上的温度下持续连续波工作。许多类型的条纹几何双异质结激光器已经被提出和证明，包括:(1)使用绝缘体(如二氧化硅)隔离接触条纹的激光器;(2)由质子轰击形成的高电阻率砷化镓边界区隔离的接触条纹激光器;(3)具有接触条纹的激光器，在激光工作过程中被反向偏置的p−n结区所隔离。
{"title":"Room temperature cw GaAs and GaAIAs lasers","authors":"R. Gill","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wb3","url":null,"abstract":"During the past 8 years, compounds of Ga1−\u0000 x\u0000 Al\u0000 x\u0000 As have been the subject of intensive study for the reproducible fabrication of reliable ir emitting lasers capable of sustained cw operation at and above room temperature. Numerous types of stripe-geometry double heterojunction lasers have been proposed and demonstrated including:\u0000 (1) lasers with contact stripes isolated using an insulator such as silicon dioxide;\u0000 (2) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding regions of high resistivity GaAs formed by proton bombardment;\u0000 (3) lasers with contact stripes isolated by bounding p−n junction regions which are reversed biased during laser operation.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121721798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remote sensing, especially from aircraft, has provided invaluable data to assess the environmental impact of man’s activity. The primary techniques that have been successfully demonstrated include aerial photography, thermal scanning, and multi-spectral scanning. In addition, laser probing techniques have also been used recently, from airborne platforms, to monitor specific pollutants over wide geographical areas. The success of these activities has prompted increased research and development to improve the utility of this class of monitoring technique.
{"title":"Engineering advances in environmental remote sensing","authors":"S. Melfi, J. A. Eckert, A. Pressman","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wf1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wf1","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing, especially from aircraft, has provided invaluable data to assess the environmental impact of man’s activity. The primary techniques that have been successfully demonstrated include aerial photography, thermal scanning, and multi-spectral scanning. In addition, laser probing techniques have also been used recently, from airborne platforms, to monitor specific pollutants over wide geographical areas. The success of these activities has prompted increased research and development to improve the utility of this class of monitoring technique.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122113461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modulator/deflector applications in communications addressing and data processing call for simple, inexpensive, reliable, and fast devices that can be mass produced from readily available materials. The newly introduced TIR modulators using low voltages (<90 V at 0.63 μm) fit this description.
{"title":"Advances in electrooptic TIR diffraction modulators/deflectors as industrial devices","authors":"M. Scibor-Rylski","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wd6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wd6","url":null,"abstract":"Modulator/deflector applications in communications addressing and data processing call for simple, inexpensive, reliable, and fast devices that can be mass produced from readily available materials. The newly introduced TIR modulators using low voltages (<90 V at 0.63 μm) fit this description.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115629704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By sensing the wavefront distortion in the propagation path, between an aperture and some distant point of interest, and using this information to control the deformation of some adaptive element in the optical train behind the aperture, it is possible to achieve nearly diffraction-limited performance in an imaging system viewing the point of interest through the aperture, or to achieve the same in a laser transmitter irradiating the point of interest through the aperture. The key to this process lies in the ability to sense accurately the wavefront distortion. Methods have been discussed in the published literature1,2 for directly sensing the random phase distortion at each point in the aperture relative to the aperture average phase. These methods have a noise sensitivity such that the error in the estimate of the wavefront distortion increases rapidly as the total aperture size, or the number of adjustment degrees of freedom encompassed by the aperture, increases. As a result, in many applications the useful aperture size of an adaptive optics system is significantly limited by SNR considerations in the wavefront distortion sensing.
{"title":"Wavefront distortion sensing for control of an adaptive optics system","authors":"D. Fried","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thf2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thf2","url":null,"abstract":"By sensing the wavefront distortion in the propagation path, between an aperture and some distant point of interest, and using this information to control the deformation of some adaptive element in the optical train behind the aperture, it is possible to achieve nearly diffraction-limited performance in an imaging system viewing the point of interest through the aperture, or to achieve the same in a laser transmitter irradiating the point of interest through the aperture. The key to this process lies in the ability to sense accurately the wavefront distortion. Methods have been discussed in the published literature1,2 for directly sensing the random phase distortion at each point in the aperture relative to the aperture average phase. These methods have a noise sensitivity such that the error in the estimate of the wavefront distortion increases rapidly as the total aperture size, or the number of adjustment degrees of freedom encompassed by the aperture, increases. As a result, in many applications the useful aperture size of an adaptive optics system is significantly limited by SNR considerations in the wavefront distortion sensing.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127609765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unique requirements of a laser fusion experimental facility have led to the development of many new optical engineering and manufacturing techniques over the past several years. This paper will discuss some of these developments in the areas of high-power Nd+ glass laser systems and target illumination systems. The success of our laser fusion program to date has also required significant engineering advances in pellet fabrication techniques and in plasma diagnostic devices, but these nonoptical developments are not included in this paper.
{"title":"KMSF Laser fusion systems overview","authors":"C. Thomas","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thd1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thd1","url":null,"abstract":"The unique requirements of a laser fusion experimental facility have led to the development of many new optical engineering and manufacturing techniques over the past several years. This paper will discuss some of these developments in the areas of high-power Nd+ glass laser systems and target illumination systems. The success of our laser fusion program to date has also required significant engineering advances in pellet fabrication techniques and in plasma diagnostic devices, but these nonoptical developments are not included in this paper.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121554912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics of lasers designed for use in optical fiber transmission systems will be presented. These devices have excellent optical properties that allow efficient coupling to optical fibers. Their electrooptical properties are compatible with silicon integrated circuit driver and feedback control design, and a companion paper discusses both the electrical and optical coupling problems.
{"title":"Lasers for fiber optics","authors":"B. D. De Loach","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.the5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.the5","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of lasers designed for use in optical fiber transmission systems will be presented. These devices have excellent optical properties that allow efficient coupling to optical fibers. Their electrooptical properties are compatible with silicon integrated circuit driver and feedback control design, and a companion paper discusses both the electrical and optical coupling problems.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116238397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A microprocessor controlled, sixty-four element, pulsed optical receiver system has been developed. It is used in conjunction with a double pulse ruby laser (1 J/pulse) for remotely sensing crosswind in the atmosphere by analyzing the laser energy scattered from a diffuse target.1
{"title":"Microprocessor controlled sixty-four element pulsed optical receiver","authors":"M. E. Fossey, J. Holmes, R. Jacob","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tuf6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tuf6","url":null,"abstract":"A microprocessor controlled, sixty-four element, pulsed optical receiver system has been developed. It is used in conjunction with a double pulse ruby laser (1 J/pulse) for remotely sensing crosswind in the atmosphere by analyzing the laser energy scattered from a diffuse target.1","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"33 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrared transparent components are critical elements of laser and electrooptical systems where they are used as environmental interface elements, as in detectors and laser windows, refractive elements, and beam combiners.
{"title":"Infrared transparent materials and components","authors":"G. Enrique Bernal","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wa3","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared transparent components are critical elements of laser and electrooptical systems where they are used as environmental interface elements, as in detectors and laser windows, refractive elements, and beam combiners.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121362994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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