Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-170-179
N. Kuznetcov, L. Y. Kondrashov
The mining and geological conditions in the mines worsen due to changes in the stress-strain state of rock masses and their structural disturbance when mining goes to great depths. Under such conditions, it is necessary to assess the impact hazard of ores and rocks that make up the mined deposits. For the prompt implementation of such an assessment, it is proposed to use the Kaiser criterion consisting in the analysis of experimental data obtained on rock samples. The paper presents the results of laboratory testing of rock samples from the deposits of the Khibiny massif under uniaxial compression and tension. The values of their brittleness coefficients have been determined. The possibility of using the Kaiser criterion for a preliminary assessment of rock burst hazard potential has been shown. It has been established that spotty-trachytoid melteigite and trachytoid ijolite-melteigite have a high potential for impact hazard, while spotted apatite-nepheline ore does not have such a potential. A comparison has been made of the obtained results of rockburst hazard assessment of hard rocks from the Khibiny massif deposits according to the Kaiser criterion, as well as the criterion of the Mining Institute of the KSC RAS and the criterion of A. N. Stavrogin. It can be noted that the Kaiser criterion makes it quite easy to carry out a preliminary assessment of rock burst hazard based on the results of testing samples on standard presses. However, to increase the degree of reliability of the data obtained, they must be certified according to the criterion of the Mining Institute of the KSC RAS or the criterion of A. N. Stavrogin.
由于岩体应力-应变状态的改变和岩体结构扰动，使矿山的采矿地质条件恶化。在这种情况下，有必要对构成矿床的矿石和岩石的冲击危险性进行评估。为了迅速实施这种评估，建议使用Kaiser准则，该准则包括对岩石样品上获得的实验数据进行分析。本文介绍了希比尼地块沉积物岩样在单轴压缩和拉伸作用下的室内试验结果。确定了它们的脆性系数值。用Kaiser准则初步评价岩爆危险性的可能性得到了证明。点状-粗石质熔辉石和点状-粗石质熔辉石具有较高的冲击危险性，而点状磷灰石-霞石矿石不具有冲击危险性。对希比尼块体矿床硬岩岩爆危险性评价采用Kaiser标准、KSC RAS采矿研究所标准和A. N. Stavrogin标准所取得的结果进行了比较。值得注意的是，Kaiser准则使得根据标准压力机上试验样品的结果进行岩爆危险性的初步评价变得非常容易。但是，为了提高所获得数据的可靠性，必须根据皇家科学院采矿研究所的标准或A. N.斯塔夫罗金的标准对这些数据进行核证。
{"title":"Rockburst hazard potential assessment of rocks of the Khibiny massif deposits according to the Kaiser criterion","authors":"N. Kuznetcov, L. Y. Kondrashov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-170-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-170-179","url":null,"abstract":"The mining and geological conditions in the mines worsen due to changes in the stress-strain state of rock masses and their structural disturbance when mining goes to great depths. Under such conditions, it is necessary to assess the impact hazard of ores and rocks that make up the mined deposits. For the prompt implementation of such an assessment, it is proposed to use the Kaiser criterion consisting in the analysis of experimental data obtained on rock samples. The paper presents the results of laboratory testing of rock samples from the deposits of the Khibiny massif under uniaxial compression and tension. The values of their brittleness coefficients have been determined. The possibility of using the Kaiser criterion for a preliminary assessment of rock burst hazard potential has been shown. It has been established that spotty-trachytoid melteigite and trachytoid ijolite-melteigite have a high potential for impact hazard, while spotted apatite-nepheline ore does not have such a potential. A comparison has been made of the obtained results of rockburst hazard assessment of hard rocks from the Khibiny massif deposits according to the Kaiser criterion, as well as the criterion of the Mining Institute of the KSC RAS and the criterion of A. N. Stavrogin. It can be noted that the Kaiser criterion makes it quite easy to carry out a preliminary assessment of rock burst hazard based on the results of testing samples on standard presses. However, to increase the degree of reliability of the data obtained, they must be certified according to the criterion of the Mining Institute of the KSC RAS or the criterion of A. N. Stavrogin.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-180-190
Yury N. Neradovsky
The paper presents the results of studying the Riphean red-colored sandstones of the Tersky coast of the White Sea. 21 structural elements characterizing the conditions of rock formation have been considered, including 15 ancient and 6 modern deposits. Observations were carried out for 10 years in two areas of the White Sea coast. The purpose of the research is to establish the reasons for the absence of organic matter, the origin of the hematite admixture in the Riphean sandstones, and to assess the climatic conditions during their formation. These issues are key to identifying the Proterozoic red formation. The data have shown that some rock structures are similar in ancient and modern deposits. Such structures include, for example, wave ripples repeating in detail the dimension, shape, and orientation in both epochs, and therefore can be used to assess ancient marine sedimentation conditions. However, most of the structures testify to fundamental differences in the conditions of rock formation. It has been established that takyrs were systematically formed in ancient rocks and hematite was deposited, which indicates the arid climate in the Riphean and the specific composition of sea water. The most important difference between ancient deposits is the absence of fauna and flora in them.
{"title":"Reconstruction of the conditions for the formation of red-colored sandstones of the Tersky coast based on a comparative analysis of the structure of ancient and modern deposits (Kola Peninsula)","authors":"Yury N. Neradovsky","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-180-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-180-190","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studying the Riphean red-colored sandstones of the Tersky coast of the White Sea. 21 structural elements characterizing the conditions of rock formation have been considered, including 15 ancient and 6 modern deposits. Observations were carried out for 10 years in two areas of the White Sea coast. The purpose of the research is to establish the reasons for the absence of organic matter, the origin of the hematite admixture in the Riphean sandstones, and to assess the climatic conditions during their formation. These issues are key to identifying the Proterozoic red formation. The data have shown that some rock structures are similar in ancient and modern deposits. Such structures include, for example, wave ripples repeating in detail the dimension, shape, and orientation in both epochs, and therefore can be used to assess ancient marine sedimentation conditions. However, most of the structures testify to fundamental differences in the conditions of rock formation. It has been established that takyrs were systematically formed in ancient rocks and hematite was deposited, which indicates the arid climate in the Riphean and the specific composition of sea water. The most important difference between ancient deposits is the absence of fauna and flora in them.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-137-149
A. Goryachev, D. Makarov, S. Potapov, A. T. Belyaevskiy, V. V. Semushin, A. Kompanchenko
The Murmansk region has a significant amount of sulfide copper-nickel raw materials. Deposits of the Nud massif associated with Monchepluton are promising for processing. The Nud II deposit cut-off grade ore with an initial Ni content of 0.45 % and Cu of 0.39 % has been chosen as the research object. During the research, the ore was mixed with ammonium sulfate, grinded, and the mixture was roasted in a muffle furnace with static air atmosphere. The roasted mixture was leached in heated distilled water with constant stirring. The maximum metals recovery was achieved when crushing to a fraction of –40 µm, the ratio of ore : ammonium sulfate is equal to 1 : 7, roasting temperature 400 °C, roasting duration 300 min. In the mixture roasted at these parameters, reflexes of copper and nickel sulfates were recorded by the x-ray phase analysis (XRD) method. At the stage of water leaching, the maximum recovery was: Ni – 79.1 %, Cu – 75.8 %.
{"title":"Processing of ore from the Nud II deposit by the method of low-temperature roasting with ammonium sulfate","authors":"A. Goryachev, D. Makarov, S. Potapov, A. T. Belyaevskiy, V. V. Semushin, A. Kompanchenko","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-137-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-137-149","url":null,"abstract":"The Murmansk region has a significant amount of sulfide copper-nickel raw materials. Deposits of the Nud massif associated with Monchepluton are promising for processing. The Nud II deposit cut-off grade ore with an initial Ni content of 0.45 % and Cu of 0.39 % has been chosen as the research object. During the research, the ore was mixed with ammonium sulfate, grinded, and the mixture was roasted in a muffle furnace with static air atmosphere. The roasted mixture was leached in heated distilled water with constant stirring. The maximum metals recovery was achieved when crushing to a fraction of –40 µm, the ratio of ore : ammonium sulfate is equal to 1 : 7, roasting temperature 400 °C, roasting duration 300 min. In the mixture roasted at these parameters, reflexes of copper and nickel sulfates were recorded by the x-ray phase analysis (XRD) method. At the stage of water leaching, the maximum recovery was: Ni – 79.1 %, Cu – 75.8 %.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-121-130
M. Pakhomov, A. A. Zaytsev, Yu. V. Litvinov, A. R. Troshichev
Anthropogenic noise load on the traditional habitats of marine mammals continues to increase due to the active development of the Arctic zone. The study of the hearing of Arctic seals is of great importance for the development of measures to reduce the impact of technogenic noise. During the study, a group of ten grey seals of different ages and genders has been trained to press a special key when demonstrating a pure tone sound with a frequency from the standard and extended set of frequencies recommended for pure tone audiometry. The experiments have been carried out by placing the key and the sound source in air and water (at a depth of 2 m) environment. The main indicator is the reaction time of the seal to the demonstrated stimulus. For each seal, individual audiograms for hearing in air and in water have been compiled using 32 frequencies. An analysis of the data obtained has shown that the reaction time can serve as an individual indicator in the study of the hearing of grey seals reflecting their age characteristics. According to the response time to sounds with different tone frequencies it is possible to establish biologically significant and indifferent frequencies for grey seals.
{"title":"Application of tonal audiometry methods to assess the hearing of grey seals in air and water environments","authors":"M. Pakhomov, A. A. Zaytsev, Yu. V. Litvinov, A. R. Troshichev","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-121-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-121-130","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic noise load on the traditional habitats of marine mammals continues to increase due to the active development of the Arctic zone. The study of the hearing of Arctic seals is of great importance for the development of measures to reduce the impact of technogenic noise. During the study, a group of ten grey seals of different ages and genders has been trained to press a special key when demonstrating a pure tone sound with a frequency from the standard and extended set of frequencies recommended for pure tone audiometry. The experiments have been carried out by placing the key and the sound source in air and water (at a depth of 2 m) environment. The main indicator is the reaction time of the seal to the demonstrated stimulus. For each seal, individual audiograms for hearing in air and in water have been compiled using 32 frequencies. An analysis of the data obtained has shown that the reaction time can serve as an individual indicator in the study of the hearing of grey seals reflecting their age characteristics. According to the response time to sounds with different tone frequencies it is possible to establish biologically significant and indifferent frequencies for grey seals.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41663569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-112-120
S. Malavenda, V. D. Nikulina
The age, size-mass and reproductive structure of the Fucus vesiculosus population in the areas of the Murmansk coast has been studied on boulder soils of the middle horizon of the littoral with weakened surf. In the studied areas characterized by different temperature conditions and the degree of anthropogenic impact the biomass of F. vesiculosus does not differ statistically significantly. The minimum population size has been found in the middle knee of the Kola Bay, the maximum – at the eastern stations. In the warmer Pechenga and Retinskaya Bays, receptacles form on thalli with more branching than in the Zelenetskaya and Yarnyshnaya Bays; thalli in western Murman have a lower age of appearance of receptacles. The linear dimensions of thalli and their mass do not differ in the studied areas. The beginning of zygote germination judging by the size of seedlings is the same on the entire coast. Maximum fertility is observed at the age of 2.5–3 years. Differences between the coenopopulations of F. vesiculosus in Western and Eastern Murman indicate the important role of climate in shaping the appearance of littoral vegetation. The current level of pollution in the Kola Bay has a negative impact on the survival of fucus seedlings, however, it can be concluded that the life span of thalli is high and the population is stable.
{"title":"Features of the population structure of Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae) in different areas of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea, 2021","authors":"S. Malavenda, V. D. Nikulina","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-112-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-112-120","url":null,"abstract":"The age, size-mass and reproductive structure of the Fucus vesiculosus population in the areas of the Murmansk coast has been studied on boulder soils of the middle horizon of the littoral with weakened surf. In the studied areas characterized by different temperature conditions and the degree of anthropogenic impact the biomass of F. vesiculosus does not differ statistically significantly. The minimum population size has been found in the middle knee of the Kola Bay, the maximum – at the eastern stations. In the warmer Pechenga and Retinskaya Bays, receptacles form on thalli with more branching than in the Zelenetskaya and Yarnyshnaya Bays; thalli in western Murman have a lower age of appearance of receptacles. The linear dimensions of thalli and their mass do not differ in the studied areas. The beginning of zygote germination judging by the size of seedlings is the same on the entire coast. Maximum fertility is observed at the age of 2.5–3 years. Differences between the coenopopulations of F. vesiculosus in Western and Eastern Murman indicate the important role of climate in shaping the appearance of littoral vegetation. The current level of pollution in the Kola Bay has a negative impact on the survival of fucus seedlings, however, it can be concluded that the life span of thalli is high and the population is stable.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41566814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-69-77
V. Kopiy
The coastal zone of Laspi Bay (the Crimea, Black Sea) is attractive for the development of recreational activities. It can negatively affect the state of the bay ecosystem and adjacent waters. The aim of this study is to assess the current state of polychaetes inhabiting the loose soils of the littoral and sublittoral areas of Laspi Bay. In 2016–2019 the fauna of polychaetes was studied in the waters of Laspi Bay. Macrozoobenthos were collected on cruises 84, 86, 96, 108 aboard the research vessel Professor Vodyanitsky and in coastal expeditions. 89 samples were taken (19 deep-water, 70 coastal). 45 species of polychaetes were identified. The average abundance of Polychaeta was 2 368 ± 467 ind./m2. The average biomass was 44,128 ± 13,919 g/m2. Terebellides stroemii makes a significant contribution to the formation of these indicators. The ranked series by density index is headed by T. stroemii, Nephtys hombergii and Melinna palmata. The largest abundance of species is noted at a depth of 46 m where the soil is represented by sand and pebbles. The highest number is noted at depths of 93.5–98 m. Prionospio сirrifera makes the main contribution to the total number. The highest biomass is noted at depths of 53.5–58 m. T. stroemii makes the main contribution to the total biomass. In the Laspi Bay waters are recorded characteristic species – P. сirrifera and Micronephthys longicornis. They are found both in shallow waters and at great depths. Rare species found only at one station include 18 polychaete species. The results obtained give an idea of the taxonomic composition of polychaete worms in the waters of Laspi Bay and can be useful for further monitoring of this area.
{"title":"Taxocene of polychaeta of the Laspi Bay water area (the Crimea, Black Sea)","authors":"V. Kopiy","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-69-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-69-77","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal zone of Laspi Bay (the Crimea, Black Sea) is attractive for the development of recreational activities. It can negatively affect the state of the bay ecosystem and adjacent waters. The aim of this study is to assess the current state of polychaetes inhabiting the loose soils of the littoral and sublittoral areas of Laspi Bay. In 2016–2019 the fauna of polychaetes was studied in the waters of Laspi Bay. Macrozoobenthos were collected on cruises 84, 86, 96, 108 aboard the research vessel Professor Vodyanitsky and in coastal expeditions. 89 samples were taken (19 deep-water, 70 coastal). 45 species of polychaetes were identified. The average abundance of Polychaeta was 2 368 ± 467 ind./m2. The average biomass was 44,128 ± 13,919 g/m2. Terebellides stroemii makes a significant contribution to the formation of these indicators. The ranked series by density index is headed by T. stroemii, Nephtys hombergii and Melinna palmata. The largest abundance of species is noted at a depth of 46 m where the soil is represented by sand and pebbles. The highest number is noted at depths of 93.5–98 m. Prionospio сirrifera makes the main contribution to the total number. The highest biomass is noted at depths of 53.5–58 m. T. stroemii makes the main contribution to the total biomass. In the Laspi Bay waters are recorded characteristic species – P. сirrifera and Micronephthys longicornis. They are found both in shallow waters and at great depths. Rare species found only at one station include 18 polychaete species. The results obtained give an idea of the taxonomic composition of polychaete worms in the waters of Laspi Bay and can be useful for further monitoring of this area.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49170648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-45-56
The paper analyzes the inaccuracies and inconsistencies of the national standard GOST R ISO 7730-2009 "Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of the comfort of the thermal regime using the calculation of PMV and PPD indicators and criteria of local thermal comfort" and similar international standard ISO 7730:2005. These standards are designed to assess the quality of the internal environment in order to comply with international practices both in the field of environmental sustainability and in the field of energy efficiency of construction. The authors have investigated and described inaccuracies and inconsistencies, have proposed their corrections in Sections 4 and 5, which establish the method of calculating the predicted mean estimate (PMV – Predicted Mean Vote) and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied with the temperature environment (PPD – Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied), as well as in Appendix D, which contains a listing of the PMV calculation program in the BASIC language. The paper has been written in accordance with the recommendations developed during the implementation of the international project KO1089 "Green Arctic Building" of the Cross-Border Cooperation Program.
本文分析了国家标准GOST R ISO 7730-2009“热环境的工效学。使用PMV和PPD指标和局部热舒适性标准的计算来分析确定和解释热环境的舒适性”和类似的国际标准ISO 7730:2005的不准确和不一致性。这些标准旨在评估内部环境的质量，以符合环境可持续性和建筑能效领域的国际惯例。作者调查并描述了不准确和不一致之处，并在第4节和第5节中提出了修正意见，这两节确立了计算预测平均估计值（PMV–预测平均投票）和对温度环境不满意的预测百分比（PPD–预测不满意百分比）的方法，以及附录D，其包含BASIC语言的PMV计算程序的列表。本文是根据跨境合作计划KO1089“绿色北极建设”国际项目实施期间提出的建议编写的。
{"title":"Analysis of errors and inaccuracies in the current edition of the GOST R ISO 7730-2009 standard","authors":"","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-45-56","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the inaccuracies and inconsistencies of the national standard GOST R ISO 7730-2009 \"Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of the comfort of the thermal regime using the calculation of PMV and PPD indicators and criteria of local thermal comfort\" and similar international standard ISO 7730:2005. These standards are designed to assess the quality of the internal environment in order to comply with international practices both in the field of environmental sustainability and in the field of energy efficiency of construction. The authors have investigated and described inaccuracies and inconsistencies, have proposed their corrections in Sections 4 and 5, which establish the method of calculating the predicted mean estimate (PMV – Predicted Mean Vote) and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied with the temperature environment (PPD – Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied), as well as in Appendix D, which contains a listing of the PMV calculation program in the BASIC language. The paper has been written in accordance with the recommendations developed during the implementation of the international project KO1089 \"Green Arctic Building\" of the Cross-Border Cooperation Program.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42839360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-78-87
A. Petrov, E. Nevrova
With an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem of the coastal zones of the sea, the relevance of assessing the state of plankton and benthos communities also increases. In the course of the study, the dynamics of the number of cells of the clone culture Thalassiosira excentrica Cleve 1903 (Bacillariophyta) has been determined under the influence of CuSO4·5H2O of various concentrations (32–1024 µg·L–1) under the conditions of 10-day experiments. In the control and at a low concentration of Cu2+, the proportion of living cells remains almost unchanged. The threshold concentration of copper ions for the survival of T. excentrica is 128 µg·L–1. At higher concentrations of Cu2+ (256–1024 µg·L–1), a sharp inhibition and death of the culture has been noted already within 1–3 days. The increase in the absolute number of cells at low concentrations of copper (32–64 µg·L–1) is described by the sigmoid response curve of the test-object. The growth values increase by 4–8 times on the 1st–5th day and decrease by 25–30 % by the 10th day. At Cu2+ concentrations of 128–256 µg·L–1, there is no positive increase in the number of cells on days 1–5; on subsequent days, it decreases by 2 times or drops to zero. The intensity of the specific cell growth significantly decreases depending on the increase in the concentration of the toxicant. It has been found that on days 1–5, the specific increase is positive in the range of copper concentrations of 32–128 µg·L–1 and negative – at concentrations of 256 µg·L–1 and higher. In the period of 5–10 days, for all concentrations of the toxicant, the values of the specific increase are negative. The obtained results make it possible to recommend T. excentrica as a promising test object for toxicological experiments.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of toxic resistance of benthic microalgae Thalassiosira excentrica Cleve 1903 (Bacillariophyta) under the copper ions impact","authors":"A. Petrov, E. Nevrova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-78-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-78-87","url":null,"abstract":"With an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem of the coastal zones of the sea, the relevance of assessing the state of plankton and benthos communities also increases. In the course of the study, the dynamics of the number of cells of the clone culture Thalassiosira excentrica Cleve 1903 (Bacillariophyta) has been determined under the influence of CuSO4·5H2O of various concentrations (32–1024 µg·L–1) under the conditions of 10-day experiments. In the control and at a low concentration of Cu2+, the proportion of living cells remains almost unchanged. The threshold concentration of copper ions for the survival of T. excentrica is 128 µg·L–1. At higher concentrations of Cu2+ (256–1024 µg·L–1), a sharp inhibition and death of the culture has been noted already within 1–3 days. The increase in the absolute number of cells at low concentrations of copper (32–64 µg·L–1) is described by the sigmoid response curve of the test-object. The growth values increase by 4–8 times on the 1st–5th day and decrease by 25–30 % by the 10th day. At Cu2+ concentrations of 128–256 µg·L–1, there is no positive increase in the number of cells on days 1–5; on subsequent days, it decreases by 2 times or drops to zero. The intensity of the specific cell growth significantly decreases depending on the increase in the concentration of the toxicant. It has been found that on days 1–5, the specific increase is positive in the range of copper concentrations of 32–128 µg·L–1 and negative – at concentrations of 256 µg·L–1 and higher. In the period of 5–10 days, for all concentrations of the toxicant, the values of the specific increase are negative. The obtained results make it possible to recommend T. excentrica as a promising test object for toxicological experiments.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-18-24
N. Kozlov, N. Sorokhtin, T. S. Marchuk
Detailed geological and petrogeochemical studies carried out using the techniques developed by the authors have made it possible to complete the picture of the formation of supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure. The studies have shown that the metasedimentary complexes of the Chervurt and Vykhchurt suites were formed mainly due to the material of the underlying strata. In the development of the Vykhchurt Formation, starting from its upper part, the material of the domains surrounding the Keivy takes an active part. The authors have come to the conclusion that at least the middle part of the Keivy section was formed as a result of washing and redeposition of the material of the structure itself, it confirms the conclusions about the presence of redeposited weathering crusts within the Keivy. The results obtained testify to the correctness of the earlier conclusion about the formation of the Keivy structure under conditions most similar to the middle massifs, and to a certain extent explain the formation of a giant deposit of aluminum raw materials within the Keivy.
{"title":"Evolution of the Keivy domain in the Precambrian","authors":"N. Kozlov, N. Sorokhtin, T. S. Marchuk","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-18-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-18-24","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed geological and petrogeochemical studies carried out using the techniques developed by the authors have made it possible to complete the picture of the formation of supracrustal complexes of the Keivy structure. The studies have shown that the metasedimentary complexes of the Chervurt and Vykhchurt suites were formed mainly due to the material of the underlying strata. In the development of the Vykhchurt Formation, starting from its upper part, the material of the domains surrounding the Keivy takes an active part. The authors have come to the conclusion that at least the middle part of the Keivy section was formed as a result of washing and redeposition of the material of the structure itself, it confirms the conclusions about the presence of redeposited weathering crusts within the Keivy. The results obtained testify to the correctness of the earlier conclusion about the formation of the Keivy structure under conditions most similar to the middle massifs, and to a certain extent explain the formation of a giant deposit of aluminum raw materials within the Keivy.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-25-44
P. Amosov, A. Baklanov
An overview of studies of aerothermodynamics and atmospheric pollution at mining facilities using computational fluid dynamics software systems (CFD modeling) has been presented. Both specialized and non-specialized software are marked. The review focuses on the studies performed using the FLOWVISION, ANSYS FLUENT and COMSOL software codes. An aerothermodynamic model of the atmosphere is described in which the equations of dynamics in the incompressible fluid approximation are supplemented by the heat transfer equation and the parameters of Coriolis, convection (buoyancy), background stratification and radiation flux. The necessary modifications in the COMSOL software are described, which make it possible to carry out studies of atmospheric aerothermodynamics under various atmospheric conditions. A two-dimensional CFD model of the atmosphere has been built and tested on a simplified representation of the tailings dump. At a fixed wind flow velocity of 5 m/s and variations in the background stratification parameter (from –0.05 to +0.05 °C/m), numerical experiments have been performed and the calculation results have been analyzed. Differences in the aerodynamic parameters of the flows and the spatial distribution of temperature under different atmospheric conditions are noted. Estimates of the dynamic velocity at the dusting height and the vertical mass flux using the empirical dependence of the dusting intensity are performed. The analytical dependence of the vertical mass flux as a function of the stratification parameter is discussed. The asymmetry (relative to the neutral state of the atmosphere) of the magnitude of the vertical mass flux in comparison with the unstable and inversion states is shown. In stable atmospheric conditions, the magnitude of the vertical flux of the dust mass, and hence the pollution of the atmosphere downstream, will be noticeably higher than in unstable states.
{"title":"Development of a model of atmospheric aerothermodynamics for the study of dusting processes at tailings dumps using COMSOL software","authors":"P. Amosov, A. Baklanov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-25-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-1-25-44","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of studies of aerothermodynamics and atmospheric pollution at mining facilities using computational fluid dynamics software systems (CFD modeling) has been presented. Both specialized and non-specialized software are marked. The review focuses on the studies performed using the FLOWVISION, ANSYS FLUENT and COMSOL software codes. An aerothermodynamic model of the atmosphere is described in which the equations of dynamics in the incompressible fluid approximation are supplemented by the heat transfer equation and the parameters of Coriolis, convection (buoyancy), background stratification and radiation flux. The necessary modifications in the COMSOL software are described, which make it possible to carry out studies of atmospheric aerothermodynamics under various atmospheric conditions. A two-dimensional CFD model of the atmosphere has been built and tested on a simplified representation of the tailings dump. At a fixed wind flow velocity of 5 m/s and variations in the background stratification parameter (from –0.05 to +0.05 °C/m), numerical experiments have been performed and the calculation results have been analyzed. Differences in the aerodynamic parameters of the flows and the spatial distribution of temperature under different atmospheric conditions are noted. Estimates of the dynamic velocity at the dusting height and the vertical mass flux using the empirical dependence of the dusting intensity are performed. The analytical dependence of the vertical mass flux as a function of the stratification parameter is discussed. The asymmetry (relative to the neutral state of the atmosphere) of the magnitude of the vertical mass flux in comparison with the unstable and inversion states is shown. In stable atmospheric conditions, the magnitude of the vertical flux of the dust mass, and hence the pollution of the atmosphere downstream, will be noticeably higher than in unstable states.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44008070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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