Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.190
Aman Ullah, Saad Hanif Abbasi, Ismail Badshah, K. Latif, Abdul Mateen, Adnan Aslam, N. Rehman, Mansoor Anwar, Ahmed Bhutta, Muhammad Imran Khan
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological ailment that manifests as difficulties in completing everyday activities, disorientation, and memory loss. Several innovative drug therapies have failed in clinical trials because they cannot stop or encourage the regeneration of injured brain cells. Furthermore, many medications only give symptomatic alleviation. As a result, a better knowledge of stem cell therapy's process might lead to new and effective treatments for this severe disease. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can be used to treat or model AD. The mechanisms of stem cell based therapies for AD include stem cell mediated neuroprotection and trophic actions, antiamyloidogenesis, beneficial immune modulation, and the replacement of the lost neurons. This study examined the present status of many Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapeutics in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we have emphasized current clinical research that may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease.
{"title":"A Review on Alzheimer’s disease and mesenchymal stem cell therapy","authors":"Aman Ullah, Saad Hanif Abbasi, Ismail Badshah, K. Latif, Abdul Mateen, Adnan Aslam, N. Rehman, Mansoor Anwar, Ahmed Bhutta, Muhammad Imran Khan","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.190","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological ailment that manifests as difficulties in completing everyday activities, disorientation, and memory loss. Several innovative drug therapies have failed in clinical trials because they cannot stop or encourage the regeneration of injured brain cells. Furthermore, many medications only give symptomatic alleviation. As a result, a better knowledge of stem cell therapy's process might lead to new and effective treatments for this severe disease. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can be used to treat or model AD. The mechanisms of stem cell based therapies for AD include stem cell mediated neuroprotection and trophic actions, antiamyloidogenesis, beneficial immune modulation, and the replacement of the lost neurons. This study examined the present status of many Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapeutics in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we have emphasized current clinical research that may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease. ","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: For proper patient management, clinical services and physician decisions are heavily reliant on laboratory test results. As a result, physician satisfaction with laboratory services is a critical indicator of service quality, emphasizing the importance of improving laboratory services to benefit patients. Objectives: To determine physician satisfaction and factors affecting physician satisfaction with laboratory services in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). Methodology: Data were collected in all the seven DHQs of AJK over three months. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from (N=202) physicians using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Chi-Square tests were used to determine the factors which showed a statistically significant relationship with outcome. Results: A total (N=202) of respondents included in the study with an overall mean score of physician’s satisfaction with clinical lab services was 38 ± 9.6 ranging from a minimum score of satisfaction 22 to a maximum of 56. A statistically significant association was found between the age of the Physicians, area of residence, and their level of education with a satisfaction level of lab services with the p-value= 0.013, 0.013, and 0.001respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that physician satisfaction with laboratory services in public hospitals of AJK was very low, more than 50% of the patients showed dissatisfaction with the services. The main factors which affect the overall satisfaction of physicians with laboratory services were the absence of the assistance handbook, laboratory request form, and turnover time of the reports.
{"title":"Physician’s satisfaction with clinical laboratory services of District Headquarter hospitals of Azad Jammu & Kashmir","authors":"Bilal Khalid, Fareeha Ayyub, Anila Rehman, Ume Sughra, Khizar Nabeel","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For proper patient management, clinical services and physician decisions are heavily reliant on laboratory test results. As a result, physician satisfaction with laboratory services is a critical indicator of service quality, emphasizing the importance of improving laboratory services to benefit patients. \u0000Objectives: To determine physician satisfaction and factors affecting physician satisfaction with laboratory services in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). \u0000Methodology: Data were collected in all the seven DHQs of AJK over three months. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from (N=202) physicians using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Chi-Square tests were used to determine the factors which showed a statistically significant relationship with outcome. \u0000Results: A total (N=202) of respondents included in the study with an overall mean score of physician’s satisfaction with clinical lab services was 38 ± 9.6 ranging from a minimum score of satisfaction 22 to a maximum of 56. A statistically significant association was found between the age of the Physicians, area of residence, and their level of education with a satisfaction level of lab services with the p-value= 0.013, 0.013, and 0.001respectively. \u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that physician satisfaction with laboratory services in public hospitals of AJK was very low, more than 50% of the patients showed dissatisfaction with the services. The main factors which affect the overall satisfaction of physicians with laboratory services were the absence of the assistance handbook, laboratory request form, and turnover time of the reports.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.197
Muhammad Aslam
There are several types of journalism like political journalism, crime journalism, business journalism, arts journalism, celebrity journalism, sports journalism, education journalism and so-forth. There is a dire need to nurture medical journalism in Pakistan. A science journalist reports news and other information about science to the general public. This involves consisting new searches, new discoveries and relevant findings, interviews with expert scientists and researchers. It conveys the information and ways that a non-specialist audience can understand.
{"title":"Role of educational institutions in promoting medical research and publications in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Aslam","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol5.iss1.197","url":null,"abstract":"There are several types of journalism like political journalism, crime journalism, business journalism, arts journalism, celebrity journalism, sports journalism, education journalism and so-forth. There is a dire need to nurture medical journalism in Pakistan. A science journalist reports news and other information about science to the general public. This involves consisting new searches, new discoveries and relevant findings, interviews with expert scientists and researchers. It conveys the information and ways that a non-specialist audience can understand.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.136
Huma Rubab, A. Pienaar, Khauhelo Succes Mahalatsi, A. Hussain, R. Gul
Introduction: Critical thinking dispositions (CTD) are valued across the health professions disciplines being essential for decision-making, critical judgment and managing complex health situations. Promoting critical-thinking dispositions in undergraduate nursing students can support the students to utilize critical thinking during challenging patient care and problem-solving situations. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of critical thinking disposition among neophyte nursing students in a private nursing college. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study design was adopted. Neophyte students (n=98) of the BSN program participated in the study. Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS) of 54 items under seven constructs was utilized to assess CTD level. Data was analyzed at descriptive and inferential level using SPSS 23.0 version. Results: Overall, CTD among neophytes nursing students is at 75% a progressive level. Contextual and inquisitiveness construct of CTDs are at positive CTD level while other constructs are at the progressive level. Students have completed their matriculation from public 55(56.1%) while FSc (Faculty of Science) from private sector 57(58.2%). Mothers of most neophytes 73(74.5%) were housewives and fathers were working in private organization 32(32.7%). There was no statistically significant association between CTD’s construct with demographic variables (P-Value, >0.05). FSc marks showed a significant association with overall CTD scores, intellectual and inquisitiveness, while admission entry test scores associate significantly with intellectual construct. Conclusion: The CTD level of neophyte is at a progressive level which suggest that different teaching and learning strategies could be implemented to improve this level.
{"title":"Critical thinking dispositions’ level among neophyte nursing students","authors":"Huma Rubab, A. Pienaar, Khauhelo Succes Mahalatsi, A. Hussain, R. Gul","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.136","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Critical thinking dispositions (CTD) are valued across the health professions disciplines being essential for decision-making, critical judgment and managing complex health situations. Promoting critical-thinking dispositions in undergraduate nursing students can support the students to utilize critical thinking during challenging patient care and problem-solving situations. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of critical thinking disposition among neophyte nursing students in a private nursing college. \u0000Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study design was adopted. Neophyte students (n=98) of the BSN program participated in the study. Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS) of 54 items under seven constructs was utilized to assess CTD level. Data was analyzed at descriptive and inferential level using SPSS 23.0 version. \u0000Results: Overall, CTD among neophytes nursing students is at 75% a progressive level. Contextual and inquisitiveness construct of CTDs are at positive CTD level while other constructs are at the progressive level. Students have completed their matriculation from public 55(56.1%) while FSc (Faculty of Science) from private sector 57(58.2%). Mothers of most neophytes 73(74.5%) were housewives and fathers were working in private organization 32(32.7%). There was no statistically significant association between CTD’s construct with demographic variables (P-Value, >0.05). FSc marks showed a significant association with overall CTD scores, intellectual and inquisitiveness, while admission entry test scores associate significantly with intellectual construct. \u0000Conclusion: The CTD level of neophyte is at a progressive level which suggest that different teaching and learning strategies could be implemented to improve this level. ","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129252322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.175
Zaira Zulfiqar
Drug Regularity Authority of Pakistan came into being in 2012 after multiple casualties were reported due to dispensation of counterfeit & adulterated drugs. The primary purpose was to address any quality & efficacy issues related to medicines and encourage healthcare professionals to play their role in provision of safe medication therapy by practicing pharmacovigilance. Currently, a Medicine Surveillance portal for reporting is available for ADR reporting along with ADR and Drug & Device complaint forms. A new mobile app, MedSafety was recently launched to encourage public to report.
{"title":"Current landscape of pharmacovigilance in Pakistan","authors":"Zaira Zulfiqar","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.175","url":null,"abstract":"Drug Regularity Authority of Pakistan came into being in 2012 after multiple casualties were reported due to dispensation of counterfeit & adulterated drugs. The primary purpose was to address any quality & efficacy issues related to medicines and encourage healthcare professionals to play their role in provision of safe medication therapy by practicing pharmacovigilance. Currently, a Medicine Surveillance portal for reporting is available for ADR reporting along with ADR and Drug & Device complaint forms. A new mobile app, MedSafety was recently launched to encourage public to report.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131669645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.169
Maira Ahmad, Sehrish Rashid, T. Ahmad
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to well-known SARS Coronaviridae family. One of the main structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 is the spike protein that is present around the surface of a viral cell and plays an essential role in viral attachment, fusion and invasion in host cell. Once a virus invades a cell, it replicates and infects other cells. The fundamental role of spike protein in the progression of viral infection has led to an increased interest in exploring agents that target the viral spike protein for effective control of CoVID-19. The related data from published articles reviewed and numerous phytochemicals that reportedly target the spike proteins of coronaviruses by computational studies briefly discussed. These active constituents possess the potential to develop as therapeutic and antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Spike protein of SARS-COV-2 as a potential target for phytochemical constituents: A literature review","authors":"Maira Ahmad, Sehrish Rashid, T. Ahmad","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.169","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 belongs to well-known SARS Coronaviridae family. One of the main structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 is the spike protein that is present around the surface of a viral cell and plays an essential role in viral attachment, fusion and invasion in host cell. Once a virus invades a cell, it replicates and infects other cells. The fundamental role of spike protein in the progression of viral infection has led to an increased interest in exploring agents that target the viral spike protein for effective control of CoVID-19. The related data from published articles reviewed and numerous phytochemicals that reportedly target the spike proteins of coronaviruses by computational studies briefly discussed. These active constituents possess the potential to develop as therapeutic and antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.144
Asma Khalil, R. Gul
Introduction: Patient admission into the critical care unit is usually an unpleasant and unexpected life experience for the family members, and unusual for family members to cope with stress and anxiety during their hospital stay. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the expectations and needs of family members of the patients in critical care units at two tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad. Methodology: An exploratory descriptive design was used to address the study questions. Using purposive sampling, 14 family members were individually interviewed through a semi- structured interview guide. A conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data through which categories and sub-categories were identified. Findings: The data analysis revealed three roles of the family members, which included assistance in physical care, facilitator in the provision of treatment and the decision maker. The participants expressed that their needs for information and assurance were being met to some extent; however, their need for support and comfort were not. Although the physical facilities for meeting the comfort were available in private hospital, it did not match the family members’ expectations. Conclusion: This study revealed that despite some similarities in the role and needs, the expectations and satisfaction of the family members is linked to their awareness of the healthcare system as well as the cost of the obtained services. The suggestions of the family members are implementable to improve their experiences and satisfaction in critical care units, which can enable them to perform their roles better.
{"title":"Family caregivers’ expectations and needs in Critical Care Units","authors":"Asma Khalil, R. Gul","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Patient admission into the critical care unit is usually an unpleasant and unexpected life experience for the family members, and unusual for family members to cope with stress and anxiety during their hospital stay. \u0000Purpose: This study aimed to explore the expectations and needs of family members of the patients in critical care units at two tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad. \u0000Methodology: An exploratory descriptive design was used to address the study questions. Using purposive sampling, 14 family members were individually interviewed through a semi- structured interview guide. A conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data through which categories and sub-categories were identified. \u0000Findings: The data analysis revealed three roles of the family members, which included assistance in physical care, facilitator in the provision of treatment and the decision maker. The participants expressed that their needs for information and assurance were being met to some extent; however, their need for support and comfort were not. Although the physical facilities for meeting the comfort were available in private hospital, it did not match the family members’ expectations. \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that despite some similarities in the role and needs, the expectations and satisfaction of the family members is linked to their awareness of the healthcare system as well as the cost of the obtained services. The suggestions of the family members are implementable to improve their experiences and satisfaction in critical care units, which can enable them to perform their roles better. ","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132980869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.167
Mehak Nimra, Hamza Irshad, Muhammad Murtaza Hasnain, Sheikh Muhammad Ishaque
Introduction: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, vaccine-preventable diseases claim the lives of nearly 30 million people each year around the world, including 17% of children under the age of 5. Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. Retrospective data collection was used. We looked at medical centers that provided EPI administrations. Results: Around 8% of the youngsters in the study were found to have measles, according to the health center's records. There are an undetermined number of measles-infected children. Only 12% of those surveyed had received the measles vaccine, and the vast majority (88%) had never received the shot. According to statistical analysis, the study's r square value is r=0.35, which is considered to be an intermediate direct relationship (Wastage of vaccine and total cost). It illustrates that if there is no system of checks and balances on vaccine waste, it could have an impact on the overall cost of the vaccination. Vaccines wastage shows a positive association with Dose wastage x2= 438.8 (p-value 0.002). the breakage of vaccine vial x2 = 369.6 (p-value 0.015), expiration of vaccines x2 = 1068 (p-value 0.006), cold chain maintenance x2 = 79.99 (p-value 0.014) & inventory missing was x2 646.9 (p-value 0.004) showed statistical significance. Conclusion: The elimination of any disease would be contributed by the parallel factors one of that includes also financial state. In less time and cost we can vaccinate the number of children and can achieve universal coverage of immunization.
{"title":"The correlation and determinants of cost-benefit analysis of measles vaccines among the medical centers providing Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)","authors":"Mehak Nimra, Hamza Irshad, Muhammad Murtaza Hasnain, Sheikh Muhammad Ishaque","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.167","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, vaccine-preventable diseases claim the lives of nearly 30 million people each year around the world, including 17% of children under the age of 5. \u0000Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. Retrospective data collection was used. We looked at medical centers that provided EPI administrations. \u0000Results: Around 8% of the youngsters in the study were found to have measles, according to the health center's records. There are an undetermined number of measles-infected children. Only 12% of those surveyed had received the measles vaccine, and the vast majority (88%) had never received the shot. According to statistical analysis, the study's r square value is r=0.35, which is considered to be an intermediate direct relationship (Wastage of vaccine and total cost). It illustrates that if there is no system of checks and balances on vaccine waste, it could have an impact on the overall cost of the vaccination. Vaccines wastage shows a positive association with Dose wastage x2= 438.8 (p-value 0.002). the breakage of vaccine vial x2 = 369.6 (p-value 0.015), expiration of vaccines x2 = 1068 (p-value 0.006), cold chain maintenance x2 = 79.99 (p-value 0.014) & inventory missing was x2 646.9 (p-value 0.004) showed statistical significance. \u0000Conclusion: The elimination of any disease would be contributed by the parallel factors one of that includes also financial state. In less time and cost we can vaccinate the number of children and can achieve universal coverage of immunization.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129900757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.155
Urooj Rafi, Saira Jahan, W. Qazi, Summyia Siddique, Nadia Bukhari
Introduction: emory processing and learning are enhanced by adequate, high-quality sleep of the appropriate duration. It aids memory processing, executive cognitive functioning and concentration. Academic performance of university students suffers as a result of poorer sleep quality. Objectives: To determine the effect of sleep quality on academic performance of undergraduate university level students. Methodology: This is analytical cross-sectional study and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The study population comprised a total 300 students, out of which 50 students were not completed the questionnaire. A total of 250 students, 113 male and 137 female students were participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was circulated among bachelor-level students of different universities in blinded from August 2018 to December 2018. The questionnaire was based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index along with other relevant data about the students’ age, gender, and discipline of study, respective semester and grades (CGPA or percentage total). The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Majority of the students had moderately poor sleep quality (Global PSQI score=5). The 17.6% of subjects scored 5 in PSQI and 14.8% of subjects scored 6 in PSQI. However, the students who scored high CGPA (>3.5) had better sleep quality as compared to those who got CGPA <3.5. Conclusion: Majority of the students having poor sleep quality and their grades might be affected. Furthermore, the students who attaining good CGPA (>3.5) had on an average good sleep quality.
{"title":"Effect of sleep quality on academic performance of undergraduate University level students","authors":"Urooj Rafi, Saira Jahan, W. Qazi, Summyia Siddique, Nadia Bukhari","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.155","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: emory processing and learning are enhanced by adequate, high-quality sleep of the appropriate duration. It aids memory processing, executive cognitive functioning and concentration. Academic performance of university students suffers as a result of poorer sleep quality. \u0000Objectives: To determine the effect of sleep quality on academic performance of undergraduate university level students. \u0000Methodology: This is analytical cross-sectional study and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The study population comprised a total 300 students, out of which 50 students were not completed the questionnaire. A total of 250 students, 113 male and 137 female students were participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was circulated among bachelor-level students of different universities in blinded from August 2018 to December 2018. The questionnaire was based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index along with other relevant data about the students’ age, gender, and discipline of study, respective semester and grades (CGPA or percentage total). The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 21. \u0000Results: Majority of the students had moderately poor sleep quality (Global PSQI score=5). The 17.6% of subjects scored 5 in PSQI and 14.8% of subjects scored 6 in PSQI. However, the students who scored high CGPA (>3.5) had better sleep quality as compared to those who got CGPA <3.5. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of the students having poor sleep quality and their grades might be affected. Furthermore, the students who attaining good CGPA (>3.5) had on an average good sleep quality.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130905421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.159
Atteqa Safdar, Sara Iftikhar, G. Zahid
Immune system of living organisms ranging from fungi, plants, vertebrates and invertebrates are all aided by polypeptide chains like defensins and cathelicidins. In humans the defensisns are quite fundamental part of innate immune system in combating with day-to-day exposure to unknown pathogens. The defensins are classified as alpha beta and sigma defensins expressed at chromosome 8 at nearly same positions, the sigma defensin is however synthetically developed as reterocyclin, as it has been stopped producing because of evolutionary development of stop codon 7.5 million years ago. The expression of Defensins can be either constitutive or inducible through epithelial cells, Paneth cells or other respective immune cells to regulate the activation of the innate immune responses. These impart their role either by direct microbicidal action, antiviral activity, inactivation or neutralization of microbial products, mobilization or activation of phagocytes and mast cells. Further to this there is lot more to explore about the availability of similar genetic expressions as defensins with unclear functions and in vivo experimental models development.
{"title":"Role of defensins in innate immunity","authors":"Atteqa Safdar, Sara Iftikhar, G. Zahid","doi":"10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol4.iss2.159","url":null,"abstract":"Immune system of living organisms ranging from fungi, plants, vertebrates and invertebrates are all aided by polypeptide chains like defensins and cathelicidins. In humans the defensisns are quite fundamental part of innate immune system in combating with day-to-day exposure to unknown pathogens. The defensins are classified as alpha beta and sigma defensins expressed at chromosome 8 at nearly same positions, the sigma defensin is however synthetically developed as reterocyclin, as it has been stopped producing because of evolutionary development of stop codon 7.5 million years ago. The expression of Defensins can be either constitutive or inducible through epithelial cells, Paneth cells or other respective immune cells to regulate the activation of the innate immune responses. These impart their role either by direct microbicidal action, antiviral activity, inactivation or neutralization of microbial products, mobilization or activation of phagocytes and mast cells. Further to this there is lot more to explore about the availability of similar genetic expressions as defensins with unclear functions and in vivo experimental models development.","PeriodicalId":302306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127573679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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