Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v21i1.29155
L. Joseph, K. Sousa, A. F. Chagas Júnior, Frantzdy Luc
The use of fungicides to control agricultural diseases has been increasing in agriculture. Thus, the biological control using fungus is an effective tool in the integrated diseases management. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of fungicides Certeza, Apron and Vitavax on the microorganisms Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The experiments were conducted in vitro in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 with three replications. The first factor composed of two doses and the second referred to the fungicides. The microorganisms were developed in PDA medium. After the medium has solidified, in a flow layer 10 µL of the fungal solution was added to each plate with the aid of an automatic pipette (D1, recommended dose; D2, double of recommended dose). Then, each Petri plate was centrally inoculated with a disc of Trichoderma asperelloides, in addition to the uninoculated control. For Azospirillum brasilense, the colony surface was scraped with the aid of a sterilized Drigalsky loop. Then, the filter of discs paper was dipped in the fungicides solution and placed on the medium surface. After this process, the plates were incubated in a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) at 26±2ºC and photoperiod 12 h. The parameters evaluated were a mycelial growth and sporulation. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the factors. The fungicides Certeza (Tiofanato metílico + Fluazinam), Apron (Fludioxonil + Metalaxil-M) and Vitavax (Carboxina + Tiram) are considered compatible with Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The fungicides can be used in an integrated disease management practices, priority must be given to use the products that have been shown to be less harmful.
{"title":"Compatibility of fungicides with Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense","authors":"L. Joseph, K. Sousa, A. F. Chagas Júnior, Frantzdy Luc","doi":"10.18188/sap.v21i1.29155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i1.29155","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fungicides to control agricultural diseases has been increasing in agriculture. Thus, the biological control using fungus is an effective tool in the integrated diseases management. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of fungicides Certeza, Apron and Vitavax on the microorganisms Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The experiments were conducted in vitro in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 with three replications. The first factor composed of two doses and the second referred to the fungicides. The microorganisms were developed in PDA medium. After the medium has solidified, in a flow layer 10 µL of the fungal solution was added to each plate with the aid of an automatic pipette (D1, recommended dose; D2, double of recommended dose). Then, each Petri plate was centrally inoculated with a disc of Trichoderma asperelloides, in addition to the uninoculated control. For Azospirillum brasilense, the colony surface was scraped with the aid of a sterilized Drigalsky loop. Then, the filter of discs paper was dipped in the fungicides solution and placed on the medium surface. After this process, the plates were incubated in a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) at 26±2ºC and photoperiod 12 h. The parameters evaluated were a mycelial growth and sporulation. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the factors. The fungicides Certeza (Tiofanato metílico + Fluazinam), Apron (Fludioxonil + Metalaxil-M) and Vitavax (Carboxina + Tiram) are considered compatible with Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The fungicides can be used in an integrated disease management practices, priority must be given to use the products that have been shown to be less harmful.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47530344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ornamental species, especially those involving the use of seedlings in trays to serve residential gardens, need to be produced quickly for commercialization, which requires studies that provide such a condition. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of light intensity and exogenous application of gibberellin on seedlings of four ornamental species (Calendula officinalis, Gypsophila elegans, Solenostemon scutellarioides and Viola wittrockiana). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The seeds were sown in trays containing substrate composed of a mixture of humic Distroferric Red Latosol: medium texture sand: commercial substrate, in the volumetric proportion of 2:1:1, respectively. The trays were kept in shading environments, using black screens with 35%, 50% and 80% shading intensity, red with 35% shading, in addition to full sun. After 30 days of emergence, gibberellic acid solution was applied to the seedlings at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1. Emergence, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, total length, shoot and roots, number of leaves, leaf area, root volume density, shoot, root and total dry matter were evaluated. For each environmental condition of cultivation, the values of temperature and air humidity and light intensity were obtained. The use of gibberellic acid proved to be beneficial for Viola wittrockiana and Solenostemon scutellarioides. The shading environments, regardless of color and light intensity, were more favorable for the formation of seedlings of these four ornamental species.
观赏物种，特别是那些涉及到在托盘中使用幼苗服务于住宅花园的观赏物种，需要快速生产以实现商业化，这需要研究提供这样的条件。研究了不同光照强度和外源赤霉素对金盏菊(Calendula officinalis)、菖蒲(Gypsophila elegans)、黄芩(Solenostemon scutelloides)和堇菜(Viola wittrockiana)幼苗生长的影响。该实验在Dois Vizinhos校园的Tecnológica Federal do paranade universade进行。种子播种于托盘中，托盘中基质由腐殖质分布铁红红壤:中等质地砂:商品基质组成，体积比例分别为2:1:1。托盘放置在遮阳环境中，除充分日照外，还使用遮阳强度为35%、50%和80%的黑色屏风，遮阳强度为35%的红色屏风。出苗30 d后，分别用浓度为0 mg L-1和300 mg L-1的赤霉素溶液浇灌幼苗。对出芽、出芽速度指数、平均出芽时间、总长度、茎和根、叶数、叶面积、根体积密度、茎、根和总干物质进行了评价。得到了不同栽培环境条件下的温度、空气湿度和光照强度。赤霉素酸的使用对堇菜和黄芩有一定的促进作用。无论颜色和光照强度如何，遮荫环境都更有利于观赏植物幼苗的形成。
{"title":"Light intensity and giberelic acid in the seedlingproduction of four ornamental species","authors":"Ketlyn Custodio Jung, Alexandre Hack Porto, Alberto Ricardo Stefeni, Wellyton Morgenrotd, Américo Wagner Júnior","doi":"10.18188/sap.v21i1.27565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i1.27565","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental species, especially those involving the use of seedlings in trays to serve residential gardens, need to be produced quickly for commercialization, which requires studies that provide such a condition. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of light intensity and exogenous application of gibberellin on seedlings of four ornamental species (Calendula officinalis, Gypsophila elegans, Solenostemon scutellarioides and Viola wittrockiana). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The seeds were sown in trays containing substrate composed of a mixture of humic Distroferric Red Latosol: medium texture sand: commercial substrate, in the volumetric proportion of 2:1:1, respectively. The trays were kept in shading environments, using black screens with 35%, 50% and 80% shading intensity, red with 35% shading, in addition to full sun. After 30 days of emergence, gibberellic acid solution was applied to the seedlings at concentrations of 0 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1. Emergence, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, total length, shoot and roots, number of leaves, leaf area, root volume density, shoot, root and total dry matter were evaluated. For each environmental condition of cultivation, the values of temperature and air humidity and light intensity were obtained. The use of gibberellic acid proved to be beneficial for Viola wittrockiana and Solenostemon scutellarioides. The shading environments, regardless of color and light intensity, were more favorable for the formation of seedlings of these four ornamental species.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47339520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v21i1.27934
P. W. R. Coutinho, M. D. M. Echer, V. F. Guimarães, Lucas Guilherme Bulegon, M. T. Abade, M. E. L. Rocha
The productive potential of plant species depends on the genotype versus environment interaction, so the choice of cultivar is decisive for the success of the crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of photosynthetic pigments and morphometric characteristics of two cultivars of green and red basil as a function of the collection time and different collection positions in the plant, as well as the gas exchange in response to variation of the flux density of photosynthetically active photons. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment with a randomized block design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme containing 2 treatments consisting of two basil cultivars (alfavaca basilicão, red and green) and fifteen replications. The first factor was constituted by the cultivars, the second, by the time of collection, and the third, by the positions in which the collections were carried out on the plant. For evaluations of morphometric variables and gas exchange rates, the two cultivars were compared. Basil has photosynthesis saturation at radiation rates of about 1500 μmol m-2 s-1. The green colored cultivar was more productive, in addition to having the highest levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, and lower rate of leaf transpiration in response to photosynthetically active photons flow density, adapted for greater carboxylation efficiency and water use.
{"title":"Gas exchange and morphometric characteristics of basil according to the times and collection positions in the plant","authors":"P. W. R. Coutinho, M. D. M. Echer, V. F. Guimarães, Lucas Guilherme Bulegon, M. T. Abade, M. E. L. Rocha","doi":"10.18188/sap.v21i1.27934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i1.27934","url":null,"abstract":"The productive potential of plant species depends on the genotype versus environment interaction, so the choice of cultivar is decisive for the success of the crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of photosynthetic pigments and morphometric characteristics of two cultivars of green and red basil as a function of the collection time and different collection positions in the plant, as well as the gas exchange in response to variation of the flux density of photosynthetically active photons. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment with a randomized block design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme containing 2 treatments consisting of two basil cultivars (alfavaca basilicão, red and green) and fifteen replications. The first factor was constituted by the cultivars, the second, by the time of collection, and the third, by the positions in which the collections were carried out on the plant. For evaluations of morphometric variables and gas exchange rates, the two cultivars were compared. Basil has photosynthesis saturation at radiation rates of about 1500 μmol m-2 s-1. The green colored cultivar was more productive, in addition to having the highest levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, and lower rate of leaf transpiration in response to photosynthetically active photons flow density, adapted for greater carboxylation efficiency and water use.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v21i1.28629
Geslanny Oliveira Sousa Oliveira, Jossimara Ferreira Damacena, Pedro Luid de Sousa Oliveira, L. C. Muniz, Maria Karoline de Carvalho Rodrigues de Sousa
The intensive use of land has accelerated the loss of soil quality, a process that can be avoided by adopting conservationist production systems, such as the Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (CLFI system). It is noteworthy that in the Southwest of the State of Maranhão a substantial portion of soils in rural properties are degraded and in distinct stages of erosion, since they have been exploited for decades with non-properly managed pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to emphasize the importance of physical and chemical changes in the soil of pastures under crop-livestock-forest integration in general and in the Amazon region of state of Maranhão, Brazil. Therefore, a literature review was conducted through a search for studies in the Google Scholar database, which encompasses multiple other databases, such as Scielo, Elsevier, Scopus, Capes, and others. In face of the conditions of degradation in pastures throughout the state of Maranhão and the broad distribution of native forests such as Babassu forests, the use of technology from CLFI systems could allow for their recovery and sustainable status by means of economically and ecologically feasible productivity. Research on this field is therefore necessary to highlight short- and long-term efficiencies regarding carbon sequestration and quality of organic matter on the soil.
{"title":"Soil alterations by chronosequence of pastures in crop-livestock-forestry systems","authors":"Geslanny Oliveira Sousa Oliveira, Jossimara Ferreira Damacena, Pedro Luid de Sousa Oliveira, L. C. Muniz, Maria Karoline de Carvalho Rodrigues de Sousa","doi":"10.18188/sap.v21i1.28629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i1.28629","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive use of land has accelerated the loss of soil quality, a process that can be avoided by adopting conservationist production systems, such as the Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (CLFI system). It is noteworthy that in the Southwest of the State of Maranhão a substantial portion of soils in rural properties are degraded and in distinct stages of erosion, since they have been exploited for decades with non-properly managed pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to emphasize the importance of physical and chemical changes in the soil of pastures under crop-livestock-forest integration in general and in the Amazon region of state of Maranhão, Brazil. Therefore, a literature review was conducted through a search for studies in the Google Scholar database, which encompasses multiple other databases, such as Scielo, Elsevier, Scopus, Capes, and others. In face of the conditions of degradation in pastures throughout the state of Maranhão and the broad distribution of native forests such as Babassu forests, the use of technology from CLFI systems could allow for their recovery and sustainable status by means of economically and ecologically feasible productivity. Research on this field is therefore necessary to highlight short- and long-term efficiencies regarding carbon sequestration and quality of organic matter on the soil.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v21i1.28883
Bruna Penha Costa, Alysson Oliveira de Carvalho, Eurides Kuster Macedo Júnior, C. Y. Tsutsumi, Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Neumarcio Vilanova da Costa
Fruit growing in Brazil enhances regional development, as it generates income and absorbs local labor. The Brazilian Northeast presents ideal edaphoclimatic conditions for the development of several fruit trees, mainly in irrigated areas. The objective was to analyze the educational level and the relationship between the wages of men and women employed in the fruit sector, in the Northeast region of Brazil. The selected crops were those of coconut, mango and grape, between the years 2001 to 2018; literacy rate and level of education in Brazil and the northeast region, the relationship between male and female genders, percentage of women in formal jobs in the years 2004 to 2015 and average monthly income in Brazil and the Northeast region and male and female genders in the years 2012 to 2015. There was a reduction in the area cultivated with coconut, however there was no increase in the area for mango and grape crops. Regarding the harvested area, the coconut crop showed a larger cultivated area, however, this area has been gradually reduced. In mango and grape crops, no variations were detected in the harvested areas. As for the average production, the grape crop has higher productivity. In the percentage of formal jobs, literacy and level of education of women, both nationally and regionally, there was a linear growth and higher than those of men. It is concluded that between men and women in the Northeast region, the salary difference was R$ 354.00, even with women with a higher educational level.
{"title":"Fruit culture growth in Northeast Brazil and its relationship with work","authors":"Bruna Penha Costa, Alysson Oliveira de Carvalho, Eurides Kuster Macedo Júnior, C. Y. Tsutsumi, Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Neumarcio Vilanova da Costa","doi":"10.18188/sap.v21i1.28883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v21i1.28883","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit growing in Brazil enhances regional development, as it generates income and absorbs local labor. The Brazilian Northeast presents ideal edaphoclimatic conditions for the development of several fruit trees, mainly in irrigated areas. The objective was to analyze the educational level and the relationship between the wages of men and women employed in the fruit sector, in the Northeast region of Brazil. The selected crops were those of coconut, mango and grape, between the years 2001 to 2018; literacy rate and level of education in Brazil and the northeast region, the relationship between male and female genders, percentage of women in formal jobs in the years 2004 to 2015 and average monthly income in Brazil and the Northeast region and male and female genders in the years 2012 to 2015. There was a reduction in the area cultivated with coconut, however there was no increase in the area for mango and grape crops. Regarding the harvested area, the coconut crop showed a larger cultivated area, however, this area has been gradually reduced. In mango and grape crops, no variations were detected in the harvested areas. As for the average production, the grape crop has higher productivity. In the percentage of formal jobs, literacy and level of education of women, both nationally and regionally, there was a linear growth and higher than those of men. It is concluded that between men and women in the Northeast region, the salary difference was R$ 354.00, even with women with a higher educational level.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i4.28190
Felipe Bratti, J. L. Locatelli, R. Ribeiro, Guilherme Romani de Mello, Marcos Renan Besen, Jonatas Thiago Piva
Soil compaction periodic monitoring through soil penetration resistance (PR) has been a rapid, easy, and economic way to evaluate the different management systems on soil physical attributes effect. The aim was to evaluate the grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization effect in two winter/summer seasons (black oat/corn/black oat/soybean) on soil PR in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial 2×3 [2 black oat pasture residual heights (15 and 7 cm), under rotational grazing × 3 nitrogen rates applied to pasture (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1)], with 4 repetitions. Soil PR was measured using an electronic penetrograph to an 80 cm depth. Soil samples were collected to determine gravimetric moisture. In the first year, 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest depth compaction while intensive grazing (7 cm) resulted in the highest PR. In the second year, plots without N resulted in lower PR levels, mainly in the superficial layers. However, the rate of 150 kg N ha-1 presented greater compaction in the 15-20 cm layer after grazing. The high moisture levels in depth reduced PR in all evaluated periods, highlighting the close relationship between both variables. General grazing heights did not affect PR, but the use of systems that increase residues production, as moderate grazing and nitrogen fertilization might be an alternative to mitigate the soil compaction in surface layers effects.
通过土壤渗透阻力(PR)对土壤压实度进行周期性监测，是评价不同管理制度对土壤物理属性影响的一种快速、简便、经济的方法。目的评价黑麦/玉米/黑麦/大豆冬夏两季放牧强度和氮肥对农牧一体化系统土壤PR的影响。试验设计为随机区，按因子2×3[2黑燕麦草场残高(15和7 cm)，轮牧×3氮肥施用量(0、75和150 kg N hm -1)]， 4个重复。用电子穿透仪测量土壤PR至80厘米深。收集土壤样品以测定重量水分。施用75 kg N ha-1后，第1年土壤压实深度最高，而集约放牧(7 cm)后土壤PR最高。第二年，无施氮地块土壤PR水平较低，主要集中在表层。150kg N hm -1处理对15 ~ 20 cm土层的压实效果较好。在所有评估时期，深度高湿度水平降低了PR，突出了两个变量之间的密切关系。一般放牧高度不影响土壤复发率，但使用增加残留物产量的系统，如适度放牧和氮肥施用可能是减轻表层土壤压实效应的替代方法。
{"title":"Soil resistance to penetration in integrated crop-livestock with grazing intensities and fertilization","authors":"Felipe Bratti, J. L. Locatelli, R. Ribeiro, Guilherme Romani de Mello, Marcos Renan Besen, Jonatas Thiago Piva","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i4.28190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i4.28190","url":null,"abstract":"Soil compaction periodic monitoring through soil penetration resistance (PR) has been a rapid, easy, and economic way to evaluate the different management systems on soil physical attributes effect. The aim was to evaluate the grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization effect in two winter/summer seasons (black oat/corn/black oat/soybean) on soil PR in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial 2×3 [2 black oat pasture residual heights (15 and 7 cm), under rotational grazing × 3 nitrogen rates applied to pasture (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1)], with 4 repetitions. Soil PR was measured using an electronic penetrograph to an 80 cm depth. Soil samples were collected to determine gravimetric moisture. In the first year, 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in the highest depth compaction while intensive grazing (7 cm) resulted in the highest PR. In the second year, plots without N resulted in lower PR levels, mainly in the superficial layers. However, the rate of 150 kg N ha-1 presented greater compaction in the 15-20 cm layer after grazing. The high moisture levels in depth reduced PR in all evaluated periods, highlighting the close relationship between both variables. General grazing heights did not affect PR, but the use of systems that increase residues production, as moderate grazing and nitrogen fertilization might be an alternative to mitigate the soil compaction in surface layers effects.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i4.28587
Gislaine Gabardo, Henrique Luis Da Silva, Djalma Cesar Clock
The use of microorganisms is an excellent strategy for controlling agricultural pests and diseases. In recent years, rural producers have manufactured microorganisms on their properties for direct application in crops, a practice known as on farm production. In this work of literature review, aspects related to the home production of microorganisms, advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives are addressed. The practice is not illegal. Producers are supported by the Organic Law, which allows the production of agricultural inputs for their own use. One of the main advantages of homemade multiplication is the reduction in the cost of purchasing the products and the inexistence of transport and storage costs. Quality control is essential for using the technique, as the main risk is contamination with human and animal pathogens. The main multiplied microorganisms are: Trichoderma sp., Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis, Bauveria bassiana, Nomuraea riley and Azospirillum brasilense. These microorganisms act in the induction of resistance, parasitism, antagonism and the production of enzymes that degrade the cell wall, as well as the production of toxic substances, essential characteristics for the alternative control of pests and diseases. On farm production is driven by the demand for healthier foods, the occurrence of chemical resistance problems and the lack of new products, traditionally used in conventional agriculture.
{"title":"“On Farm” Production of microorganisms in Brazil","authors":"Gislaine Gabardo, Henrique Luis Da Silva, Djalma Cesar Clock","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i4.28587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i4.28587","url":null,"abstract":"The use of microorganisms is an excellent strategy for controlling agricultural pests and diseases. In recent years, rural producers have manufactured microorganisms on their properties for direct application in crops, a practice known as on farm production. In this work of literature review, aspects related to the home production of microorganisms, advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives are addressed. The practice is not illegal. Producers are supported by the Organic Law, which allows the production of agricultural inputs for their own use. One of the main advantages of homemade multiplication is the reduction in the cost of purchasing the products and the inexistence of transport and storage costs. Quality control is essential for using the technique, as the main risk is contamination with human and animal pathogens. The main multiplied microorganisms are: Trichoderma sp., Metarhizium anisopliae, Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis, Bauveria bassiana, Nomuraea riley and Azospirillum brasilense. These microorganisms act in the induction of resistance, parasitism, antagonism and the production of enzymes that degrade the cell wall, as well as the production of toxic substances, essential characteristics for the alternative control of pests and diseases. On farm production is driven by the demand for healthier foods, the occurrence of chemical resistance problems and the lack of new products, traditionally used in conventional agriculture.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i4.29136
Eduardo Luiz Goulart Knebel, I. Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, G. H. Demari, Rafael Soares Ourique, João Pedro Dalla Roza
This work aims to highlight the best soybean genotypes for specific environments in the Northwest Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was carried out in the 2018/19 crop season in fifteen cultivation environments in the Northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using 52 soybean genotypes in 15 growing environments. The experimental design used was lattice with treatments (growing environments) arranged in three replications. In each useful area of the experimental unit, the grain productivity of the genotypes was evaluated. Then, the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method was applied to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters. The following variance components were estimated: Genetic variation (Vg) and phenotypic variation (Vp). The genetic parameters estimated were: broad sense heritability (H²), coefficient of genotypic variation (CVg), coefficient of residual variation (CVe), ratio between genetic and residual coefficient (CVr) and selective accuracy (Ac). The phenotypic expression of grain yield is determined by 17% due to genetic effects and 83% by the environment. The NS 6909 RR IPRO, NS 5445 IPRO, DM 5958 IPRO and DM 6563 IPRO genotypes showed greater genetic gains for grain yield. The environments Doutor Maurício Cardoso (RS), Nova Ramada (RS) and Independência (RS) are characterized as favorable environments.
{"title":"Strategic positioning of soybean cultivars in the state of Rio Grande do Sul","authors":"Eduardo Luiz Goulart Knebel, I. Carvalho, Murilo Vieira Loro, G. H. Demari, Rafael Soares Ourique, João Pedro Dalla Roza","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i4.29136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i4.29136","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to highlight the best soybean genotypes for specific environments in the Northwest Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was carried out in the 2018/19 crop season in fifteen cultivation environments in the Northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using 52 soybean genotypes in 15 growing environments. The experimental design used was lattice with treatments (growing environments) arranged in three replications. In each useful area of the experimental unit, the grain productivity of the genotypes was evaluated. Then, the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method was applied to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters. The following variance components were estimated: Genetic variation (Vg) and phenotypic variation (Vp). The genetic parameters estimated were: broad sense heritability (H²), coefficient of genotypic variation (CVg), coefficient of residual variation (CVe), ratio between genetic and residual coefficient (CVr) and selective accuracy (Ac). The phenotypic expression of grain yield is determined by 17% due to genetic effects and 83% by the environment. The NS 6909 RR IPRO, NS 5445 IPRO, DM 5958 IPRO and DM 6563 IPRO genotypes showed greater genetic gains for grain yield. The environments Doutor Maurício Cardoso (RS), Nova Ramada (RS) and Independência (RS) are characterized as favorable environments.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i4.28202
Almecina Balbino Ferreira, Karine Santos da Cruz, Matheus Matos do Nascimento, Marilene Santos de Lima, Natalia Souza Torres, Antônio Carnaúba de Aragão Junior
The Althernanthera sessilis L. is a non-conventional food plant (PANC) popularly known as Brazilian spinach, rich in minerals and proteins, contributing to human nutrition. In view of the above, the present work aimed to analyze physicochemically Brazilian spinach plants cultivated under doses of nitrogen, in the form of urea. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), from November 25, 2017 to February 3, 2018 and the laboratory analyzes were carried out at the Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos (UTAL/UFAC). The delimitation used was completely randomized, containing 4 treatments (0; 1.5; 3.0 and 5.0 g), five replications and one plant per replication. The vegetative material was obtained in Porto Velho (RO) and the seedlings obtained by cuttings were cultivated in 500 mL polyethylene cups for 15 days and then transferred to pots with a capacity of 9 L. On February 3, leaves and stems of the plant were collected and analyzes were performed on a wet basis, except ash, such as pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, soluble solids and proteins. Significant differences were observed for pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and proteins and a linear increase of the contents with the increase of the urea dose. Nitrogen fertilization up to a dose of 5 g was efficient for the variables of titratable acidity, proteins and ascorbic acid. The highest dose of urea provided an increase of about 24% in protein content, however, even without fertilization, Brazilian spinach showed great potential in terms of protein content, being able to be consumed to supply part of the protein demand.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i4.28330
Ianna Bizerra Barros, Arlem Dalvany Maia de Sousa, Mateus Alves de Sousa, Edwin Camacho Palomino
The cassava crops have a great diversity of cultivars, mostly creole, being necessary studies that aim the selection of materials able to express its productive potencial in distinctive areas of Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to assess the agronomic characteristics and the productive of seven cultivars of table cassava, in the West region of Pará. The experiment was carried out in a rural property, in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos (Pará). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three repetitions. The treatments were constituted of local cassava cultivars (Água Morna, Roxa do Curudi, Amarelona, Olhinho, Máximo, Tabocal II e Paço Branco). The evaluated characteristics were: height of plants – HP (m), height of the first ramification – HR (m), diameter of the plant stem – DPS (cm), number of sprouts - NS, number of harvested roots - NHR, root fresh biomass – RFB (g), root dry biomass – RDB (g), diameter of roots –DR (cm), length of roots – LR (cm) and productivity (PR). For the characters in the aerial part, the ‘Roxa do Curundi’ cultivar showed the highest HP and HR ‘Máximo e Paço Branco’ expressed the highest DPS and NS, respectively. The cassava cultivars studied distinguished as to the characteristics of agronomic interest for inclusion in plant breeding programs of the species in the western region of the state of Pará. Among the evaluated cultivars, ‘Paço Branco’ is recommended for agricultural improvement, as it presents desirable characteristics, such as higher productivity and smaller size.
木薯作物品种多样，主要是克里奥尔品种，这是必要的研究，旨在选择能够在巴西独特地区表达其生产潜力的材料。因此，这项工作旨在评估帕拉西部地区七个食用木薯品种的农艺特征和产量。这项实验是在Mojuídos Campos（Pará）市的一处农村地区进行的。实验设计为随机分组，重复三次。处理由当地木薯品种组成（Água Morna、Roxa do Curudi、Amarelona、Olhinho、Máximo、Tabocal II e Paço Branco）。评估的特征为：株高-HP（m），第一分枝高度-HR（m）、茎径-DPS（cm）、芽数-NS、收获根数-NHR、根鲜生物量-RFB（g）、根干生物量-RDB（g），根径-DR（cm），根长-LR（cm）和生产力（PR）。就地上部分的性状而言，‘Roxa do Curundi’品种表现出最高的HP和HR，‘Máximo e Paço Branco’分别表现出最大的DPS和NS。所研究的木薯品种在农艺特征方面表现突出，可纳入帕拉州西部地区该物种的植物育种计划。在评估的品种中，“Paço Branco”被推荐用于农业改良，因为它具有较高的生产力和较小的体积等理想特性。
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