Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27521
Karine Louise Santos, M. Ciotta, J. T. Tolentino Júnior, G. E. Pereira, Adriana Terumi Itaki, Humberto Nunes Ribeiro
The southern region of Brazil is home of a myriad of native species which have high organoleptic potential, and among those species the feijoa fruit (Feijoa sellowiana) stands out. This species has an incipient production chain; however, the promotion of the species to the consumers can increase the fruit’s consumption, stimulate its production, in addition to its conservation. This study aims to perform sensory analysis and verify the preference for fruits of two cultivars and a selection of F. sellowiana. Fifty-seven tasters evaluated the fruits for sensory characteristics, taste and appearance. The evaluations included a questionnaire to characterize the taster’s profile. The tasters’ perception of the three samples did not differ in terms of sweetness, acidity, juiciness, pulp yield and overall impression. In general, the sensorial analysis showed that feijoa is a fruit with notorious acceptance by consumers. This result demonstrates the potential for promotion and use of the species, in order to make compatible the promotion of its cultivation and conservation.
{"title":"Sensory analysis and acceptance of feijoa fruit","authors":"Karine Louise Santos, M. Ciotta, J. T. Tolentino Júnior, G. E. Pereira, Adriana Terumi Itaki, Humberto Nunes Ribeiro","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i3.27521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i3.27521","url":null,"abstract":"The southern region of Brazil is home of a myriad of native species which have high organoleptic potential, and among those species the feijoa fruit (Feijoa sellowiana) stands out. This species has an incipient production chain; however, the promotion of the species to the consumers can increase the fruit’s consumption, stimulate its production, in addition to its conservation. This study aims to perform sensory analysis and verify the preference for fruits of two cultivars and a selection of F. sellowiana. Fifty-seven tasters evaluated the fruits for sensory characteristics, taste and appearance. The evaluations included a questionnaire to characterize the taster’s profile. The tasters’ perception of the three samples did not differ in terms of sweetness, acidity, juiciness, pulp yield and overall impression. In general, the sensorial analysis showed that feijoa is a fruit with notorious acceptance by consumers. This result demonstrates the potential for promotion and use of the species, in order to make compatible the promotion of its cultivation and conservation.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45645905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27369
Rafael Goulart Machado, Jean Ferreira Franco, L. Hahn
The biomass production by cover plants provides soil protection against erosion and weed control in the winter period, while the effect of cover crops on the parameters of physical soil quality helps in root growth and water storage. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of winter plants on the physical quality of the soil. The experiment consisted of unifactorial treatments, composed of different winter plants: vetch (Vica sativa L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and control treatment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications per treatment. The parcels consisted of 34 lines implanted with a disc seeder and spaced 17 cm and 10 m long, comprising an area of 57,80 m2 per parcel. Sowing densities were 40 kg ha‑1 for vetch, 20 kg ha-1 for forage radish, 60 kg ha-1 for rye, 150 kg ha-1 for wheat and 90 kg ha-1 for black oat. The control treatment consisted of the vegetation that emerged spontaneously. The parameters evaluated were plant green mass, weed occurrence, apparent density, gravimetric moisture and soil penetration resistance. With the vetch cultivation there was a reduction in the density of the soil in its surface layer, compared to the control treatment and the other cover crops. Wheat increased gravimetric soil moisture retention. Forage radish was superior to the other cover crops in terms of biomass production, totaling 59.91 t ha-1, as well as being the only cover crop that reduced soil penetration resistance, in the layer from 0 to 40 cm of ground. Vetch reduced the density of the soil in its surface layer, and also the resistance to penetration, from 21 cm of depth. Compared to the control treatment, cover crops were efficient in suppressing weed growth.
覆盖植物的生物量生产在冬季提供了土壤侵蚀保护和杂草控制，而覆盖作物对土壤物理质量参数的影响有助于根系生长和蓄水。本研究的目的是评估冬季植物对土壤物理质量的影响。本试验采用单一处理，由不同的冬季植物组成：豌豆（Vica sativa L.）、饲料萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）、黑燕麦（Avena strigosa Schreb.）、黑麦（Secale cereale L.）、小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）和对照处理。实验设计为随机分组，每次治疗重复四次。地块由植入圆盘播种机的34条线组成，间隔17厘米和10米长，包括每个地块57.80平方米。豌豆的播种密度为40 kg ha‑1，饲料萝卜为20 kg ha-1，黑麦为60 kg ha-1、小麦为150 kg ha-1和黑燕麦为90 kg ha-1。对照处理包括自发出现的植被。评价的参数包括植物绿量、杂草发生率、表观密度、重量水分和土壤渗透阻力。与对照处理和其他覆盖作物相比，种植紫云英的表层土壤密度有所降低。小麦提高了土壤的持水量。在0~40cm土层中，饲料萝卜的生物量产量优于其他覆盖作物，总计59.91t ha-1，也是唯一一种降低土壤渗透阻力的覆盖作物。维奇降低了表层土壤的密度，也降低了渗透阻力，从21厘米的深度。与对照处理相比，覆盖作物对杂草生长的抑制效果较好。
{"title":"Soil physical quality influenced by winter plants","authors":"Rafael Goulart Machado, Jean Ferreira Franco, L. Hahn","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i3.27369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i3.27369","url":null,"abstract":"The biomass production by cover plants provides soil protection against erosion and weed control in the winter period, while the effect of cover crops on the parameters of physical soil quality helps in root growth and water storage. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of winter plants on the physical quality of the soil. The experiment consisted of unifactorial treatments, composed of different winter plants: vetch (Vica sativa L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and control treatment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications per treatment. The parcels consisted of 34 lines implanted with a disc seeder and spaced 17 cm and 10 m long, comprising an area of 57,80 m2 per parcel. Sowing densities were 40 kg ha‑1 for vetch, 20 kg ha-1 for forage radish, 60 kg ha-1 for rye, 150 kg ha-1 for wheat and 90 kg ha-1 for black oat. The control treatment consisted of the vegetation that emerged spontaneously. The parameters evaluated were plant green mass, weed occurrence, apparent density, gravimetric moisture and soil penetration resistance. With the vetch cultivation there was a reduction in the density of the soil in its surface layer, compared to the control treatment and the other cover crops. Wheat increased gravimetric soil moisture retention. Forage radish was superior to the other cover crops in terms of biomass production, totaling 59.91 t ha-1, as well as being the only cover crop that reduced soil penetration resistance, in the layer from 0 to 40 cm of ground. Vetch reduced the density of the soil in its surface layer, and also the resistance to penetration, from 21 cm of depth. Compared to the control treatment, cover crops were efficient in suppressing weed growth.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27429
Edleusa Pereira Seidel, Letícia Gabriela Ertel, Renan Pan, José Alessandro Da Silva Franco, Diogo Gabriel Dos Santos
The use of basalt rock powder associated with an organic fertilizer with compost can be an option to reduce the use of soluble fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compost and basalt rock powder on the agronomic traits of the corn crop and on the levels of nutrients available in the soil solution, with two additional treatments of fertilization with NPK. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (5x2) + 2, with two additional and four replications. The first factor consisted of five doses of organic compost (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1) and the second factor, with and without basalt rock dust (0 and 8 t ha-1). The additional treatment consisted of the application of 150 kg ha-1 of formulated NPK (10-15-15), equivalent to ½ of the recommended dose for the crop, associated with 8 t ha-1 of basalt rock powder and the second additional treatment consisted in the application of 300 kg ha-1 of formulated 10-15-15 of NPK and without rock dust. The agronomic characteristics of corn and the nutrient contents in the soil solution were evaluated. The results showed that the use of organic compost associated with rock dust promoted soil chemical improvements, especially pH elevation and calcium content increase. There was no effect of organic compost with rock powder on the agronomic characteristics of corn evaluated. The use of chemical fertilizer of an NPK formulation improved the corn crop compared to the use of organic compost and rock dust. The application of 8 t ha-1 of basalt rock powder, associated with 150 kg ha-1 of a formulated NPK improved the development of the corn crop compared to the use of 300 kg ha-1.
玄武岩粉的使用与有机肥料的堆肥相结合，可以减少可溶性肥料的使用。因此，本研究旨在评价有机堆肥和玄武岩粉对玉米作物农艺性状和土壤溶液中速效养分水平的影响，并在两个附加处理的基础上进行氮磷钾施肥。实验设计采用完全随机分组，在因子方案(5x2) + 2中，有2个额外和4个重复。第一个因素包括5个剂量的有机堆肥(0、4、6、8和10 t hm -1)，第二个因素包括有和不含玄武岩粉尘(0和8 t hm -1)。第一个附加处理包括施用150公斤/公顷的配方氮磷钾(10-15-15)，相当于该作物推荐剂量的1 / 2，同时施用8吨/公顷的玄武岩粉。第二个附加处理包括施用300公斤/公顷的配方10-15-15氮磷钾，不施用岩粉。对玉米的农艺性状和土壤溶液中的养分含量进行了评价。结果表明，岩粉配施有机堆肥促进了土壤的化学改善，特别是pH升高和钙含量增加。岩石粉有机堆肥对玉米的农艺性状无显著影响。与使用有机堆肥和石粉相比，使用氮磷钾配方的化肥改善了玉米作物。与使用300公斤每公顷的氮磷钾相比，施用8吨每公顷玄武岩粉和150公斤每公顷的配方氮磷钾改善了玉米作物的生长。
{"title":"Basalt rock powder and organic compounds in corn crops","authors":"Edleusa Pereira Seidel, Letícia Gabriela Ertel, Renan Pan, José Alessandro Da Silva Franco, Diogo Gabriel Dos Santos","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i3.27429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i3.27429","url":null,"abstract":"The use of basalt rock powder associated with an organic fertilizer with compost can be an option to reduce the use of soluble fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compost and basalt rock powder on the agronomic traits of the corn crop and on the levels of nutrients available in the soil solution, with two additional treatments of fertilization with NPK. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (5x2) + 2, with two additional and four replications. The first factor consisted of five doses of organic compost (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1) and the second factor, with and without basalt rock dust (0 and 8 t ha-1). The additional treatment consisted of the application of 150 kg ha-1 of formulated NPK (10-15-15), equivalent to ½ of the recommended dose for the crop, associated with 8 t ha-1 of basalt rock powder and the second additional treatment consisted in the application of 300 kg ha-1 of formulated 10-15-15 of NPK and without rock dust. The agronomic characteristics of corn and the nutrient contents in the soil solution were evaluated. The results showed that the use of organic compost associated with rock dust promoted soil chemical improvements, especially pH elevation and calcium content increase. There was no effect of organic compost with rock powder on the agronomic characteristics of corn evaluated. The use of chemical fertilizer of an NPK formulation improved the corn crop compared to the use of organic compost and rock dust. The application of 8 t ha-1 of basalt rock powder, associated with 150 kg ha-1 of a formulated NPK improved the development of the corn crop compared to the use of 300 kg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47872002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27488
Gidean Luz do Carmo Silva, Henrique Toniolo Farias, Joaquim De Oliveira Neto, Elizene Vargas Borges, Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro Coutinho
Weeds damage economically interesting crop development, resulting in potential production loss of such crop. Thus, this study had de objective of surveying weeds’ phytosociology in Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) pasture and of evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides in mixtures on weeds control. The field studied has been using B. brizantha pasture for more than 10 years, divided in 4 areas with 1 ha each. After the first weeds harvest and identification, a mixture of Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (150 g L-1) 1 L ha-1 + 1.5 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (2.5 L ha-1), Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (150 g L -1) 2.0 L ha-1 + 1.5 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (3.5 L ha-1), Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (100 g L-1) 1 L ha-1 + 1.0 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (2 L ha-1). After the harvests, the samples were identified and the following statistics were calculated — absolute frequency, relative frequency, absolute density, relative density, absolute abundance, relative abundance, and importance value index. The obtained phytosociological survey in pasture planting presented five families — Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae —, and using Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (100 g L-1), adding up to a mixture of 1.0 L ha-1, mixed with 1.0 L ha-1 of 2,4-D, was effective in the control of weeds in the pasture area.
杂草危害经济作物的发展，造成经济作物潜在的生产损失。因此，本研究的目的在于调查棘臂蒿(Brachiaria brizantha, cv.)杂草的植物社会学。马兰度(Marandu)牧场和评价混合除草剂控制杂草的有效性。所研究的田区已使用牛棘草10余年，分为4个区，每个区1公顷。第一次收获杂草和识别后,Aminopyralid的混合物(50 g L - 1) +毒莠定(100 g L - 1) + Triclopyr (150 g L - 1) 1 L是+ 1.5 L是2,4 - d (2.5 L农业,Aminopyralid (50 g L - 1) +毒莠定(100 g L - 1) + Triclopyr (150 g L 1) 2.0 L是+ 1.5 L是2,4 - d (3.5 L农业,Aminopyralid (50 g L - 1) +毒莠定(100 g L - 1) + Triclopyr (100 g L - 1) 1 L是+ 1.0 L是2,4 - d (2 L农业)。采集后对样本进行鉴定，计算绝对频率、相对频率、绝对密度、相对密度、绝对丰度、相对丰度、重要值指数等统计量。牧草种植植物社会学调查结果显示，禾草科、锦葵科、菊科、大麻科、茄科共5个科，采用氨基吡啶(50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) +三氯吡啶(100 g L-1)混合1.0 L ha-1，与1.0 L ha-1 2,4- d混合施用，可有效防治牧草杂草。
{"title":"Phytosociological survey of weed plants and their pasture control","authors":"Gidean Luz do Carmo Silva, Henrique Toniolo Farias, Joaquim De Oliveira Neto, Elizene Vargas Borges, Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro Coutinho","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i3.27488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i3.27488","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds damage economically interesting crop development, resulting in potential production loss of such crop. Thus, this study had de objective of surveying weeds’ phytosociology in Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) pasture and of evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides in mixtures on weeds control. The field studied has been using B. brizantha pasture for more than 10 years, divided in 4 areas with 1 ha each. After the first weeds harvest and identification, a mixture of Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (150 g L-1) 1 L ha-1 + 1.5 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (2.5 L ha-1), Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (150 g L -1) 2.0 L ha-1 + 1.5 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (3.5 L ha-1), Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (100 g L-1) 1 L ha-1 + 1.0 L ha-1 of 2,4-D (2 L ha-1). After the harvests, the samples were identified and the following statistics were calculated — absolute frequency, relative frequency, absolute density, relative density, absolute abundance, relative abundance, and importance value index. The obtained phytosociological survey in pasture planting presented five families — Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae —, and using Aminopyralid (50 g L-1) + Picloram (100 g L-1) + Triclopyr (100 g L-1), adding up to a mixture of 1.0 L ha-1, mixed with 1.0 L ha-1 of 2,4-D, was effective in the control of weeds in the pasture area.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27740
G. Soares Wenneck, R. Saath, Roberto Rezende, Vinícius Villa e Vila, Raiana Crepaldi de Faria Nocchi, L. H. Maldonado da Silva
Environmental factors and crop management can influence the characteristics of plant morphology and physiology, altering photosynthetic efficiency and mass accumulation. The study aimed to analyze the contents of leaf pigments in cauliflower cultivated under different conditions of water availability and silicon (Si) applications. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment in the city of Maringá-PR. A randomized block design, in a 3x4 factorial scheme, with three replacement conditions [40, 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and four Si doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four repetitions. The cauliflower cultivation, cultivar Sharon, was carried out in dystroferric RED NITOSOL. Daily evapotranspiration was determined with a constant level water table lysimeter and water replacement was performed with drip irrigation. Si was applied in split doses in three applications (initial, intermediate and final phases). At flowering, leaf tissue from the upper third of the plant was collected, with pigment extraction performed with pure acetone and determination in a spectrophotometer. At harvest, the leaf area of the plants was determined. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. Cauliflower crop under water-deficient reduces leaf area development and alters chloroplast pigments dynamics. Silicon use in the soil increases leaf development, chlorophyll a and b contents, and reduces carotenoids concentration. Under water stress conditions, silicon addition to the soil improves cauliflower performance.
环境因素和作物管理可以影响植物的形态和生理特征，改变光合效率和质量积累。本研究旨在分析不同水分和硅(Si)用量条件下栽培花椰菜叶片色素的含量。实验是在Maringá-PR市一个受保护的环境中进行的。采用随机区组设计，采用3x4因子方案，采用3种替代条件[作物蒸散量的40%、70%和100%]和4种硅剂量(0,50、100和150 kg ha-1)，重复4次。以花椰菜品种沙伦为材料，在营养不良的红色NITOSOL培养基上进行栽培。每日蒸散量用定水位地下渗渗仪测定，用滴灌补水。硅在三个应用(初始、中间和最终阶段)中分剂量施用。开花时，收集植株上部三分之一的叶组织，用纯丙酮提取色素，用分光光度计测定。在收获时，测定植株的叶面积。对数据进行方差分析和回归分析。缺水条件下花椰菜作物叶面积发育减少，叶绿体色素动态变化。土壤中硅的使用促进了叶片发育，叶绿素a和b含量，并降低了类胡萝卜素的浓度。在水分胁迫条件下，土壤中添加硅能提高花椰菜的生长性能。
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Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i3.27882
Aida Teresinha Santos Matsumura, Akio Santos Matsumura, Marcia Heloísa Silva, A. D. Ribas e Ribas, Tiela Trapp Grassotti, Akira Santos Matsumura
Soybean is the most important crop in the world due to growing external demand. Nevertheless, its production requires a high use of pesticides. Trichoderma is a fungal genus with the potential to promote plant growth because of its broad metabolic arsenal. Because it increases efficiency in several cultures, Trichoderma spp. have the potential to be used as an alternative to chemicals. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® inoculant on parameters related to soybean growth and production. Crops with five different soil and climate conditions were evaluated in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil) using parameters such as average plant height, average plant population, average number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant average, and average weight of one thousand grains, which revealed the results of productivity. The ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® increased plant height, number of pods, and grain weight, consequently increasing productivity in soybean plants. In this way, it was possible to characterize the product ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® as a growth-promoting inoculant for the soybean crop, increasing the scope of product registration.
{"title":"ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® as growth promoter in soybean crops","authors":"Aida Teresinha Santos Matsumura, Akio Santos Matsumura, Marcia Heloísa Silva, A. D. Ribas e Ribas, Tiela Trapp Grassotti, Akira Santos Matsumura","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i3.27882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i3.27882","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is the most important crop in the world due to growing external demand. Nevertheless, its production requires a high use of pesticides. Trichoderma is a fungal genus with the potential to promote plant growth because of its broad metabolic arsenal. Because it increases efficiency in several cultures, Trichoderma spp. have the potential to be used as an alternative to chemicals. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® inoculant on parameters related to soybean growth and production. Crops with five different soil and climate conditions were evaluated in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil) using parameters such as average plant height, average plant population, average number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant average, and average weight of one thousand grains, which revealed the results of productivity. The ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® increased plant height, number of pods, and grain weight, consequently increasing productivity in soybean plants. In this way, it was possible to characterize the product ICB Nutrisolo Trichoderma® as a growth-promoting inoculant for the soybean crop, increasing the scope of product registration.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.18188/SAP.V20I1.24996
Tatiane Priscila Chiapetti, M. E. L. Rocha, Odair José Kuhn, M. Malavasi, U. C. Malavasi
The use of leaf extracts to reduce pesticide applications that harm the environment and cause environmental disorder can be an alternative to the control of fungi during propagation of eucalyptus. The experiment tested the effect of leaf extracts from two species of espinheira-santa on Cylindrocladium clavatum. The extraction of plant material was carried out through percolation at 28 °C for 7 days using column liquid chromatography with hexane, chloroform, and methanol as solvents. Evaluations of antifungal activity were performed with a fixed extract concentration of 2,000 mg L-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts, sporulation, and control of C. clavatum in eucalyptus leaves were evaluated using concentrations of 500, 250, 125, and 100 mg L-1 after 5 and 15 days of incubation. The concentration of 500 mg L-1 of chloroform extract from leaves of M.ilicifolia and M.aquifolium resulted in a better control of Cylindrocladium clavatum. In the evaluation of sporulation, the crude and methanolic extracts obtained the best performances, with emphasis on the concentrations of 500 and 250 mg L-1, which resulted in the lowest number of spores. For the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration, it was observed that the fungus is not 100% controlled, but that the greatest effect lies on the reduction of fungus growth. In the image tests with eucalyptus leaves, the crude extract resulted in the smallest lesion area at concentrations of 500 and 250 mg L-1. The extract was more effective when applied in its raw form and with greater concentration.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of foliar extracts from Maytenus spp. on Cylindrocladium clavatum","authors":"Tatiane Priscila Chiapetti, M. E. L. Rocha, Odair José Kuhn, M. Malavasi, U. C. Malavasi","doi":"10.18188/SAP.V20I1.24996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/SAP.V20I1.24996","url":null,"abstract":"The use of leaf extracts to reduce pesticide applications that harm the environment and cause environmental disorder can be an alternative to the control of fungi during propagation of eucalyptus. The experiment tested the effect of leaf extracts from two species of espinheira-santa on Cylindrocladium clavatum. The extraction of plant material was carried out through percolation at 28 °C for 7 days using column liquid chromatography with hexane, chloroform, and methanol as solvents. Evaluations of antifungal activity were performed with a fixed extract concentration of 2,000 mg L-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts, sporulation, and control of C. clavatum in eucalyptus leaves were evaluated using concentrations of 500, 250, 125, and 100 mg L-1 after 5 and 15 days of incubation. The concentration of 500 mg L-1 of chloroform extract from leaves of M.ilicifolia and M.aquifolium resulted in a better control of Cylindrocladium clavatum. In the evaluation of sporulation, the crude and methanolic extracts obtained the best performances, with emphasis on the concentrations of 500 and 250 mg L-1, which resulted in the lowest number of spores. For the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration, it was observed that the fungus is not 100% controlled, but that the greatest effect lies on the reduction of fungus growth. In the image tests with eucalyptus leaves, the crude extract resulted in the smallest lesion area at concentrations of 500 and 250 mg L-1. The extract was more effective when applied in its raw form and with greater concentration.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26016
Reginaldo Almeida Andrade, F. R. D. Souza, Luan de Oliveira Nascimento, Rychaellen Silva de Brito, C. Carvalho
The productivity and quality of watermelon fruits can be influenced by several factors, edaphic or associated with cultural management, such as, the type and form of soil preparation and planting methods, which can be by direct sowing or through transplanted seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate productive characteristics and quality of watermelon fruits grown under different forms of soil preparation and planting methods. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, organized in a 2x3 factorial scheme, containing three replications, with 24 plants per plot. The evaluated factors were two forms of soil preparation and three forms of cultivation. The fruits were harvested when their tendrils showed visible signs of dryness, when their productive and qualitative characteristics were analyzed. The variables analyzed were the number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, transverse and longitudinal circumference of the fruits, total soluble solids (° Brix), total titratable acidity, maturation index (ratio) and total productivity. The planting methods do not alter the productive characteristics and the quality of the watermelon fruits, which proved to be adequate to the standard demanded by the national market. Conventional tillage, with plowing followed by harrowing, increases the number of fruits per plant and total productivity, reaching 30.7 Mg ha-1, a value 35.08% higher than the average for the state of Rondônia and 28.33 % above the national average.
{"title":"Influence of soil preparation and planting methods on watermelon productivity and quality","authors":"Reginaldo Almeida Andrade, F. R. D. Souza, Luan de Oliveira Nascimento, Rychaellen Silva de Brito, C. Carvalho","doi":"10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26016","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity and quality of watermelon fruits can be influenced by several factors, edaphic or associated with cultural management, such as, the type and form of soil preparation and planting methods, which can be by direct sowing or through transplanted seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate productive characteristics and quality of watermelon fruits grown under different forms of soil preparation and planting methods. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, organized in a 2x3 factorial scheme, containing three replications, with 24 plants per plot. The evaluated factors were two forms of soil preparation and three forms of cultivation. The fruits were harvested when their tendrils showed visible signs of dryness, when their productive and qualitative characteristics were analyzed. The variables analyzed were the number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, transverse and longitudinal circumference of the fruits, total soluble solids (° Brix), total titratable acidity, maturation index (ratio) and total productivity. The planting methods do not alter the productive characteristics and the quality of the watermelon fruits, which proved to be adequate to the standard demanded by the national market. Conventional tillage, with plowing followed by harrowing, increases the number of fruits per plant and total productivity, reaching 30.7 Mg ha-1, a value 35.08% higher than the average for the state of Rondônia and 28.33 % above the national average.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45728953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26070
D. Silva, Renan Angrizani de Oliveira, V. Simonetti, É. Teramoto, J. C. A. Sales
Soil is a natural resource that allows the maintenance of life on Earth, therefore, it is important to appreciate techniques to assist the conservation of their quality, since the inadequate management of its use causes their degradation. In this sense, the soil pH values of the city of Sorocaba (SP) were analyzed using a pHmeter and a GPS, with 112 points distributed homogeneously in the study area and another 50 random points to verify spatial variability through geostatistical interpolators of ordinary kriging and deterministic of inverse square distance (ISD). The predominant values of pH per soil class were also determined. The pH values predominated between the ranges of 6.0 and 6.5; totaling 74.98% of the study area for the ordinary kriging method and 75.93% for the ISD, observing a low variation among the methods, which result in a root mean square error values of 0.349951 for ordinary kriging and 0.349019 for the ISD. The concordance index for both methods was 0.9944 with mean standard deviation of 0.0374 for ISD and 0.0369 for ordinary kriging. For the different soil classes, pH values ranged from 5.9 to 6.3. Therefore, both the theoretical models applied in the interpolation of the pH data efficiently explain the pH variability of the Sorocaba soil.
{"title":"Application of geostatistical and deterministic interpolators applied for analysis of the spatial distribution of soil ph in Sorocaba city (São Paulo state)","authors":"D. Silva, Renan Angrizani de Oliveira, V. Simonetti, É. Teramoto, J. C. A. Sales","doi":"10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/SAP.V20I1.26070","url":null,"abstract":"Soil is a natural resource that allows the maintenance of life on Earth, therefore, it is important to appreciate techniques to assist the conservation of their quality, since the inadequate management of its use causes their degradation. In this sense, the soil pH values of the city of Sorocaba (SP) were analyzed using a pHmeter and a GPS, with 112 points distributed homogeneously in the study area and another 50 random points to verify spatial variability through geostatistical interpolators of ordinary kriging and deterministic of inverse square distance (ISD). The predominant values of pH per soil class were also determined. The pH values predominated between the ranges of 6.0 and 6.5; totaling 74.98% of the study area for the ordinary kriging method and 75.93% for the ISD, observing a low variation among the methods, which result in a root mean square error values of 0.349951 for ordinary kriging and 0.349019 for the ISD. The concordance index for both methods was 0.9944 with mean standard deviation of 0.0374 for ISD and 0.0369 for ordinary kriging. For the different soil classes, pH values ranged from 5.9 to 6.3. Therefore, both the theoretical models applied in the interpolation of the pH data efficiently explain the pH variability of the Sorocaba soil.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.18188/SAP.V20I1.25636
A. L. Viegas Neto, C. M. A. D. Souza, P. Degrande, Izidro dos Santos Lima Júnior
To reach all parts of the plants can be a difficult achievement faced by the drops in several crops. Strategies in crop management such as an increment in the plant spacing can contribute to the spray application's success. This study aimed to evaluate the droplets deposition in soybean, using three different spray nozzles and application rate, in two soybean rows spacing. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots were the interrow spacing (0.45 and 0.76 m), the subplots were the spray nozzles (JA-2 and Magno 11002 BD), and the sub-subplots were the application rate (120, 200 and 280 L ha-1). Droplets coverage was evaluated in the upper, middle and lower thirds of soybean plants. Water-sensitive papers were installed in the adaxial part of plant leaves to analyze the spray technology and evaluated using E-Sprinkle® software. Spraying was performed in plants at the R5.3 soybean stage. This experiment evaluated the following parameters: the volume median diameter, the density of droplets per cm2, the droplet coverage area, and the droplet percentage less than 150 µm. The increase in the soybean row spacing combined with the spray volume increase provided greater droplet coverage in the middle third in soybean crop. The Magno 11002 BD droplet nozzle provided the higher droplet coverage in the row spacing of 0.76 m. The spray rate of 280 L ha-1 provided the highest density of droplets per cm2 in the lower third and greater coverage in the middle-third.
由于几种作物会出现滴落，要达到植物的所有部分可能是一项困难的成就。作物管理方面的策略，如增加植株间距，可以促进喷雾应用的成功。以大豆为研究对象，在两行距条件下，采用三种不同的喷雾喷嘴和施用量，对液滴在大豆中的沉积进行了研究。实验设计采用随机分组，按分块方案安排处理。行距分别为0.45和0.76 m，喷淋喷嘴分别为JA-2和Magno 11002 BD，施用量分别为120、200和280 L ha-1。对大豆植株上、中、下三分之一的液滴覆盖率进行了评价。在植物叶片的正面安装水敏纸，分析喷雾技术，并使用E-Sprinkle®软件进行评估。在R5.3大豆生育期对植株进行喷施。本实验评估了以下参数:体积中值直径、每cm2液滴密度、液滴覆盖面积和小于150µm的液滴百分比。增加大豆行距和增加喷雾量可以提高大豆作物中三分之一的液滴覆盖率。Magno 11002 BD液滴喷嘴在排距为0.76 m时液滴覆盖率较高。在280 L ha-1的喷雾速率下，下三分之一的雾滴密度最高，中三分之一的覆盖率更高。
{"title":"Deposition of sprayed drops in soybean in function of sowing spacing","authors":"A. L. Viegas Neto, C. M. A. D. Souza, P. Degrande, Izidro dos Santos Lima Júnior","doi":"10.18188/SAP.V20I1.25636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/SAP.V20I1.25636","url":null,"abstract":"To reach all parts of the plants can be a difficult achievement faced by the drops in several crops. Strategies in crop management such as an increment in the plant spacing can contribute to the spray application's success. This study aimed to evaluate the droplets deposition in soybean, using three different spray nozzles and application rate, in two soybean rows spacing. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots were the interrow spacing (0.45 and 0.76 m), the subplots were the spray nozzles (JA-2 and Magno 11002 BD), and the sub-subplots were the application rate (120, 200 and 280 L ha-1). Droplets coverage was evaluated in the upper, middle and lower thirds of soybean plants. Water-sensitive papers were installed in the adaxial part of plant leaves to analyze the spray technology and evaluated using E-Sprinkle® software. Spraying was performed in plants at the R5.3 soybean stage. This experiment evaluated the following parameters: the volume median diameter, the density of droplets per cm2, the droplet coverage area, and the droplet percentage less than 150 µm. The increase in the soybean row spacing combined with the spray volume increase provided greater droplet coverage in the middle third in soybean crop. The Magno 11002 BD droplet nozzle provided the higher droplet coverage in the row spacing of 0.76 m. The spray rate of 280 L ha-1 provided the highest density of droplets per cm2 in the lower third and greater coverage in the middle-third.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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