Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.25601
Myrcia Minatti, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Sylvio Péllico Neto, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, V. Cysneiros
Geostatistics is one of the tools applied to investigate the spatial variability of forests to reduce costs and recognize the best productivity areas for planning. This study aimed to test the performance of geostatistical techniques in reducing the sampling effort in forest inventories. For this purpose, we used the height of dominant trees as a discriminator of the homogeneous strata to obtain a better representation of the productivity within the forest stands. We carried out the study in Pinus taeda L. stands in the Center-South of Paraná, Brazil, by using plots from a forest inventory allocated with the systematic process. Then, we tested three models to determine the site curves (Schumacher, Chapman-Richards 2, and 3 coefficients) with the thirty-seventh year being the reference age. To model the spatial patterns of the dominant height, we used the ordinary kriging, and, after that, we generated the thematic maps of the site classes. Similarly, we used the indicator kriging which allowed obtaining the probabilities of high, medium, and low productivity sites. The processing of the stratified sampling, with the support of the visual interpretation of the images, allowed us to define five strata according to productivity. Results showed that ordinary kriging is effective in defining the productivity classes. Along with geostatistical techniques, it produces more homogeneous strata and reduces the errors of the forest inventory. Moreover, the best-selected model was the Chapman-Richards (3 coefficients) for the site curves. The exponential model was the best model to identify the best areas of the probability of occurrence of sites with higher productivity. The efficiency of indicative kriging generated thematic maps to delimit the likely locations of the most promising sites. Overall, geostatistics proved to be efficient concerning error when compared to simple random sampling.
{"title":"Geostatistics as a tool to reduce the sampling effort in forest inventories","authors":"Myrcia Minatti, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Sylvio Péllico Neto, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, V. Cysneiros","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.25601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.25601","url":null,"abstract":"Geostatistics is one of the tools applied to investigate the spatial variability of forests to reduce costs and recognize the best productivity areas for planning. This study aimed to test the performance of geostatistical techniques in reducing the sampling effort in forest inventories. For this purpose, we used the height of dominant trees as a discriminator of the homogeneous strata to obtain a better representation of the productivity within the forest stands. We carried out the study in Pinus taeda L. stands in the Center-South of Paraná, Brazil, by using plots from a forest inventory allocated with the systematic process. Then, we tested three models to determine the site curves (Schumacher, Chapman-Richards 2, and 3 coefficients) with the thirty-seventh year being the reference age. To model the spatial patterns of the dominant height, we used the ordinary kriging, and, after that, we generated the thematic maps of the site classes. Similarly, we used the indicator kriging which allowed obtaining the probabilities of high, medium, and low productivity sites. The processing of the stratified sampling, with the support of the visual interpretation of the images, allowed us to define five strata according to productivity. Results showed that ordinary kriging is effective in defining the productivity classes. Along with geostatistical techniques, it produces more homogeneous strata and reduces the errors of the forest inventory. Moreover, the best-selected model was the Chapman-Richards (3 coefficients) for the site curves. The exponential model was the best model to identify the best areas of the probability of occurrence of sites with higher productivity. The efficiency of indicative kriging generated thematic maps to delimit the likely locations of the most promising sites. Overall, geostatistics proved to be efficient concerning error when compared to simple random sampling.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.27091
Fernanda Doring Krumreich, Ana Paula Antunes Corrêa, Tailize Beatriz Roll Zimmer, Jair Costa Nachtigal, Rui Carlos Zambiazi
Rice bran flour is a byproduct of rice processing and can be used as food. The objective of the current study was to use pregelatinized rice bran flour along with hydrocolloids to stabilize guava nectar, as well as to evaluate the stability of bioactive compounds during a storage period of 180 days. For this purpose, the guava fruits were processed in the form of pulp, following the elaboration of the nectars. Four formulations were prepared: one control (pulp, water, and sugar) and three by the addition of xanthan, guar gum, and pregelatinized rice flour. The sedimentation stability, the content of bioactive compounds, and the physicochemical parameters were evaluated at every 45 days of storage. The formulations with guar and pregelatinized rice bran flour gave better results than the others for all the evaluated parameters, indicating that they could be a good option for stabilization of the guava nectar. Moreover, the rice flour seems to be a cost-effective option and is easy to obtain in contrast to the other commonly used hydrocolloids that are generally used in food industry.
{"title":"PREGELATINIZED RICE BRAN FLOUR AS STABILIZER FOR GUAVA NECTAR","authors":"Fernanda Doring Krumreich, Ana Paula Antunes Corrêa, Tailize Beatriz Roll Zimmer, Jair Costa Nachtigal, Rui Carlos Zambiazi","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.27091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.27091","url":null,"abstract":"Rice bran flour is a byproduct of rice processing and can be used as food. The objective of the current study was to use pregelatinized rice bran flour along with hydrocolloids to stabilize guava nectar, as well as to evaluate the stability of bioactive compounds during a storage period of 180 days. For this purpose, the guava fruits were processed in the form of pulp, following the elaboration of the nectars. Four formulations were prepared: one control (pulp, water, and sugar) and three by the addition of xanthan, guar gum, and pregelatinized rice flour. The sedimentation stability, the content of bioactive compounds, and the physicochemical parameters were evaluated at every 45 days of storage. The formulations with guar and pregelatinized rice bran flour gave better results than the others for all the evaluated parameters, indicating that they could be a good option for stabilization of the guava nectar. Moreover, the rice flour seems to be a cost-effective option and is easy to obtain in contrast to the other commonly used hydrocolloids that are generally used in food industry.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.26807
Antonio Luiz Viegas Neto, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Matheus Marques Miliati, Izidro Dos Santos Lima Júnior
The inspection of agricultural sprayers is a vital tool for the increment of quality of spray technology for phytosanitary products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance conditions of self-propelled sprayers on-farm, using the periodical inspection methodology for sprays and analyzing the climatic conditions during the spraying. The evaluations were carried on farms visited randomly. A questionnaire was filled out by the operator or farmers and the inspection itself of the sprayers. The items evaluated were the condition and location of hoses, presence of leaks, monitor performance, spacing between nozzles, spray nozzles, in-line filter, primary filter, the performance of anti-dripping gauges, and limiting environmental conditions. Most interviewed operators and farmers did not know the methodology for inspecting agricultural sprayers, demonstrating the need to create specific training programs in the region. Self-propelled sprayers have a few technical problems when they were new, however, spraying beyond the ideal weather conditions can reduce the spraying quality.
{"title":"Quality of self-propelled sprayers through periodic inspection","authors":"Antonio Luiz Viegas Neto, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Matheus Marques Miliati, Izidro Dos Santos Lima Júnior","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.26807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.26807","url":null,"abstract":"The inspection of agricultural sprayers is a vital tool for the increment of quality of spray technology for phytosanitary products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance conditions of self-propelled sprayers on-farm, using the periodical inspection methodology for sprays and analyzing the climatic conditions during the spraying. The evaluations were carried on farms visited randomly. A questionnaire was filled out by the operator or farmers and the inspection itself of the sprayers. The items evaluated were the condition and location of hoses, presence of leaks, monitor performance, spacing between nozzles, spray nozzles, in-line filter, primary filter, the performance of anti-dripping gauges, and limiting environmental conditions. Most interviewed operators and farmers did not know the methodology for inspecting agricultural sprayers, demonstrating the need to create specific training programs in the region. Self-propelled sprayers have a few technical problems when they were new, however, spraying beyond the ideal weather conditions can reduce the spraying quality.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.25322
Kelly Pirola, M. Dotto, Darcieli Aparecida Cassol, Alexandre Luis Alegretti, Américo Wagner Júnior
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.
{"title":"Substrate and indolebutyric acid in the rooting of pomegranate cuttings collected in two seasons","authors":"Kelly Pirola, M. Dotto, Darcieli Aparecida Cassol, Alexandre Luis Alegretti, Américo Wagner Júnior","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.25322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.25322","url":null,"abstract":"The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67541635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.26991
F. Amarilho-Silveira, Nelson José Laurino Dionello, Ali Willian Canaza-Cayo
The objectives of this paper were to verify the influence of the multi-breed model and pedigree structure in the estimates of the genetic components to birth weight in a mestizo herd. Using 1234 birth weight records in two ways, one dataset with complete pedigree information (n = 1028) and another with incomplete pedigree information (n = 1234). The pedigree was composed for 10 sires, 366 and 448 dams for complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. Used for analysis the maximum restricted likelihood method about the animal model, considering the birth weight trait, for a dataset with or not complete pedigree, used the WOMBAT program. The direct heritability coefficients in both datasets did not present large difference, 0.06 and 0.09 to best models in the complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. However, in the incomplete pedigree, the maternal heritability was 0.29. The residual variance, which on the best model of the dataset with complete pedigree presented 0.51 and 0.35 for the best model of the dataset with incomplete pedigree. Concluding, we find the influence of de multi-breed model only in the dataset with complete pedigree, that considered the direct and breed effects. In the dataset with incomplete pedigree, the better model was that considered the direct and maternal additive effects.
{"title":"ESTIMATE OF GENETIC COMPONENTS OF BIRTH WEIGHT USING MULTI-BREED MODELS WITH DIFFERENT PEDIGREE STRUCTURES IN MESTIZO SHEEP","authors":"F. Amarilho-Silveira, Nelson José Laurino Dionello, Ali Willian Canaza-Cayo","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.26991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.26991","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this paper were to verify the influence of the multi-breed model and pedigree structure in the estimates of the genetic components to birth weight in a mestizo herd. Using 1234 birth weight records in two ways, one dataset with complete pedigree information (n = 1028) and another with incomplete pedigree information (n = 1234). The pedigree was composed for 10 sires, 366 and 448 dams for complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. Used for analysis the maximum restricted likelihood method about the animal model, considering the birth weight trait, for a dataset with or not complete pedigree, used the WOMBAT program. The direct heritability coefficients in both datasets did not present large difference, 0.06 and 0.09 to best models in the complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. However, in the incomplete pedigree, the maternal heritability was 0.29. The residual variance, which on the best model of the dataset with complete pedigree presented 0.51 and 0.35 for the best model of the dataset with incomplete pedigree. Concluding, we find the influence of de multi-breed model only in the dataset with complete pedigree, that considered the direct and breed effects. In the dataset with incomplete pedigree, the better model was that considered the direct and maternal additive effects.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.27312
V. Coelho, Giovani Belutti Voltolini, Gustavo Rabelo Botrel Miranda, José Mauro Costa Monteiro, Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim
Weed management in coffee plants is carried out largely through the adoption of chemical control, with the use of herbicides. In this context, one of the species that most affects the development of coffee plants, and due to its difficulty in control, is sourgrass. Above all, most sourgrass biotypes are not efficiently controlled with the herbicide glyphosate, which is the most used in coffee growing. Thus, the search for strategies that can minimize the damage caused by this weed, appears with increasing demand, due to the great damage to coffee plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical control of adult sourgrass in coffee plants, through several associations. Treatment control efficiency was visually evaluated, where a scale ranging from 0 to 100 was used, with 0 corresponding to the absence of symptoms and 100 corresponding to the total control of weed plants by the action of herbicides, respectively. This evaluation method was used at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the SISVAR statistical software. The association of the herbicides Fluazifop-p-butyl and Clethodim, implies greater efficiency in controlling sourgrass over time. The association of the herbicide ammonium glufosinate with systemic herbicides implies a reduction in the control capacity of sourgrass plants over time.
{"title":"CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ADULT SOURGRASS IN COFFEE CROPS, THROUGH VARIOUS ASSOCIATIONS","authors":"V. Coelho, Giovani Belutti Voltolini, Gustavo Rabelo Botrel Miranda, José Mauro Costa Monteiro, Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.27312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.27312","url":null,"abstract":"Weed management in coffee plants is carried out largely through the adoption of chemical control, with the use of herbicides. In this context, one of the species that most affects the development of coffee plants, and due to its difficulty in control, is sourgrass. Above all, most sourgrass biotypes are not efficiently controlled with the herbicide glyphosate, which is the most used in coffee growing. Thus, the search for strategies that can minimize the damage caused by this weed, appears with increasing demand, due to the great damage to coffee plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical control of adult sourgrass in coffee plants, through several associations. Treatment control efficiency was visually evaluated, where a scale ranging from 0 to 100 was used, with 0 corresponding to the absence of symptoms and 100 corresponding to the total control of weed plants by the action of herbicides, respectively. This evaluation method was used at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the SISVAR statistical software. The association of the herbicides Fluazifop-p-butyl and Clethodim, implies greater efficiency in controlling sourgrass over time. The association of the herbicide ammonium glufosinate with systemic herbicides implies a reduction in the control capacity of sourgrass plants over time.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.26977
Jonas Francisco Egewarth, Jeferson Tiago Piano, Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Eloisa Mattei, Vanessa Aline Egewarth, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira
The present work was aimed in order to evaluate the decomposition process of remaining straw from oat cultivars submitted to different handling during the cultivation of corn for silage intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. MG13 Braúna. We considered nine oat cultivars named as follows: "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" oat hay (61F), "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" pasture (61P), "IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ" cover crop (61SM), "Embrapa 139 (Fog)" oat hay (139F),"Embrapa 139 (Fog)" pasture (139P)," Embrapa 139 (Fog)" cover crop (139SM), "Emerald IPR 126" oat hay (EF), "Emerald IPR 126" grazed (EP) and "Emerald IPR 126" cover crop (ESM) from which we evaluated the decomposition of the remaining straw using the method of litter bags. The evaluations were carried out at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 108 days after sowing corn for silage intercropped with Brizantha brachiaria cv. MG13 Braúna (Urochloa brizantha). Every oat cultivar had three repetitions arranged in a split-plot design. We took into account the quantity of straw, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, carbon / nitrogen ratio, phosphorus and potassium. The results we got clarify that oat decomposition rate varied with the meteorological factors and initial mass, so that the greater the initial mass is, the longer the straw permanency and mulch effectiveness on the soil. The time the residual oat straw took to be decomposed depended on meteorological factors both during the cover crop developmental stage and the decomposition period itself. The higher the initial mass, the greater the time and effectiveness of mulching.
{"title":"Decomposition of oat straw and release of macronutrients in different managements","authors":"Jonas Francisco Egewarth, Jeferson Tiago Piano, Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Eloisa Mattei, Vanessa Aline Egewarth, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.26977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.26977","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was aimed in order to evaluate the decomposition process of remaining straw from oat cultivars submitted to different handling during the cultivation of corn for silage intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. MG13 Braúna. We considered nine oat cultivars named as follows: \"IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ\" oat hay (61F), \"IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ\" pasture (61P), \"IAPAR 61 IBIPORÃ\" cover crop (61SM), \"Embrapa 139 (Fog)\" oat hay (139F),\"Embrapa 139 (Fog)\" pasture (139P),\" Embrapa 139 (Fog)\" cover crop (139SM), \"Emerald IPR 126\" oat hay (EF), \"Emerald IPR 126\" grazed (EP) and \"Emerald IPR 126\" cover crop (ESM) from which we evaluated the decomposition of the remaining straw using the method of litter bags. The evaluations were carried out at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 108 days after sowing corn for silage intercropped with Brizantha brachiaria cv. MG13 Braúna (Urochloa brizantha). Every oat cultivar had three repetitions arranged in a split-plot design. We took into account the quantity of straw, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, carbon / nitrogen ratio, phosphorus and potassium. The results we got clarify that oat decomposition rate varied with the meteorological factors and initial mass, so that the greater the initial mass is, the longer the straw permanency and mulch effectiveness on the soil. The time the residual oat straw took to be decomposed depended on meteorological factors both during the cover crop developmental stage and the decomposition period itself. The higher the initial mass, the greater the time and effectiveness of mulching.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.27040
Ariadne Pegoraro Mastelaro, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi, Nivaldo Karvatte Junior, Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira Menezes, Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida Martins, Fabiana Villa Alves
Animals kept in extensive production systems are constantly exposed to the effects of climatic aspects, which could favour thermal discomfort, decreasing productive and reproductive performances. Utilisation of Bos taurus crosses with Bos indicus animals is increasing in the tropics aimed at improving production and it is now well known how these animals respond in such environment. The objective was to characterize the morpho-physiological thermoregulation responses of weaned heifers from four different genetic groups to infer regarding the different degrees of adaptation to heat under tropical conditions Forty-eight, pasture-kept, 6-month-old, weaned heifers from four distinct genetic groups: (1) Nellore; (2) Senepol; (3) Angus x Nellore; and, (4) ¼ Brahman x ¼ Nellore x ½ Senepol (Tri-cross) were evaluated. Skin, hair coat and rectal temperatures; sweating rate; respiratory and heart rates; visual analysis of hair and hair coat colour; hair coat temperature and thickness; and length, diameter, density and number of hairs were evaluated. In addition, the temperature-humidity index, black-globe temperature and humidity index, and radiant thermal load were determined. Angus x Nellore animals presented the lowest (P=0.008) respiratory rate. Rectal temperature did differ (P=0.001) between seasons. Angus x Nellore heifers showed the greatest (P=0.001) values for the morphological measures in the evaluated months, coinciding with thermal comfort indexes above those considered comfortable for cattle. Nellore (Bos indicus), Brahman x Nellore x Senepol, and Senepol (B. taurus) present the best adaptive traits in savanna. The utilisation of B. indicus animals or adapted breed confers desirable morphological characteristics for the tropical environment.
饲养在广泛生产系统中的动物经常暴露在气候因素的影响下，这可能会导致热不适，降低生产和繁殖性能。在热带地区，为了提高产量，人们越来越多地使用牛牛与印度牛杂交，现在人们已经知道这些动物在这种环境中的反应。目的是表征来自四个不同遗传群的断奶小母牛的形态生理温度调节反应，以推断在热带条件下对热量的不同适应程度；（2） 塞涅波尔；（3） Angus x Nellore；和，（4）¼Brahman x¼Nellore x½Senepol（Tri-cross）进行了评估。皮肤、毛被和直肠温度；出汗率；呼吸和心率；头发和毛色的视觉分析；毛被温度和厚度；并评估毛发的长度、直径、密度和数量。此外，还测定了温湿度指数、黑球温湿度指数和辐射热负荷。Angus x Nellore动物的呼吸频率最低（P=0.008）。直肠温度在不同季节之间确实存在差异（P=0.001）。Angus x Nellore小母牛在评估的几个月里表现出最大的形态测量值（P=0.001），与热舒适指数相一致，这些指数高于牛的舒适指数。Nellore（Bos indicus）、Brahman x Nellore x Senepol和Senepol（B.taurus）在热带草原上表现出最好的适应性特征。利用B.indicus动物或适应品种为热带环境提供了理想的形态特征。
{"title":"MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF BOS INDICUS, BOS TAURUS AND CROSSBRED WEANED HEIFERS TO SEASONAL VARIATIONS","authors":"Ariadne Pegoraro Mastelaro, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi, Nivaldo Karvatte Junior, Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira Menezes, Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida Martins, Fabiana Villa Alves","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.27040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.27040","url":null,"abstract":"Animals kept in extensive production systems are constantly exposed to the effects of climatic aspects, which could favour thermal discomfort, decreasing productive and reproductive performances. Utilisation of Bos taurus crosses with Bos indicus animals is increasing in the tropics aimed at improving production and it is now well known how these animals respond in such environment. The objective was to characterize the morpho-physiological thermoregulation responses of weaned heifers from four different genetic groups to infer regarding the different degrees of adaptation to heat under tropical conditions Forty-eight, pasture-kept, 6-month-old, weaned heifers from four distinct genetic groups: (1) Nellore; (2) Senepol; (3) Angus x Nellore; and, (4) ¼ Brahman x ¼ Nellore x ½ Senepol (Tri-cross) were evaluated. Skin, hair coat and rectal temperatures; sweating rate; respiratory and heart rates; visual analysis of hair and hair coat colour; hair coat temperature and thickness; and length, diameter, density and number of hairs were evaluated. In addition, the temperature-humidity index, black-globe temperature and humidity index, and radiant thermal load were determined. Angus x Nellore animals presented the lowest (P=0.008) respiratory rate. Rectal temperature did differ (P=0.001) between seasons. Angus x Nellore heifers showed the greatest (P=0.001) values for the morphological measures in the evaluated months, coinciding with thermal comfort indexes above those considered comfortable for cattle. Nellore (Bos indicus), Brahman x Nellore x Senepol, and Senepol (B. taurus) present the best adaptive traits in savanna. The utilisation of B. indicus animals or adapted breed confers desirable morphological characteristics for the tropical environment. ","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45318383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.24946
José Marcos Hammerschmidt, Zieglenristen Karswegaard Pereira Calábria, Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi
The objective of describing the scientific production on precision agriculture for soybean cultivation in southern Brazil. Integrative review developed in five stages: 1) to identify research problems: what is the scientific production on precision agriculture for the soybean economy in Brazil, 2) data collection, 3) data evaluation, 4) analysis and interpretation of data and 5) presentation of results. 19 articles appeared, published in the period from 2011 to 2019. All involve the study of soy, created in Latosol, Cambisolo and Argisolo; study areas ranging from 1.74 to 225 hectares; predominance of no-tillage carried out over ten years; crop rotation in summer and winter. As topics addressed: Physiological quality of soybean seeds; Sowing of soybeans; Chemical and physical attributes of the soil; Spectral indices during soybean growth; Weeds and pest control. There was greater emphasis on technologies: digital maps, machinery, tests, computer systems / programs, software, georeferencing, soil analysis, electronic meters, digital images, equipment and optical sensors. The tools used in precision agriculture are important for professional qualification, increased reduction, environmental impacts, sustainability, optimization of time and products and services, cost reduction.
{"title":"Precision agriculture: soybean culture in South Brazil","authors":"José Marcos Hammerschmidt, Zieglenristen Karswegaard Pereira Calábria, Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.24946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.24946","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of describing the scientific production on precision agriculture for soybean cultivation in southern Brazil. Integrative review developed in five stages: 1) to identify research problems: what is the scientific production on precision agriculture for the soybean economy in Brazil, 2) data collection, 3) data evaluation, 4) analysis and interpretation of data and 5) presentation of results. 19 articles appeared, published in the period from 2011 to 2019. All involve the study of soy, created in Latosol, Cambisolo and Argisolo; study areas ranging from 1.74 to 225 hectares; predominance of no-tillage carried out over ten years; crop rotation in summer and winter. As topics addressed: Physiological quality of soybean seeds; Sowing of soybeans; Chemical and physical attributes of the soil; Spectral indices during soybean growth; Weeds and pest control. There was greater emphasis on technologies: digital maps, machinery, tests, computer systems / programs, software, georeferencing, soil analysis, electronic meters, digital images, equipment and optical sensors. The tools used in precision agriculture are important for professional qualification, increased reduction, environmental impacts, sustainability, optimization of time and products and services, cost reduction.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42420222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.18188/sap.v20i2.27765
Gean Marcos Merten, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, A. Richart
Tropical soils are naturally poor in phosphorus and, due to the strong interaction with mineral constituents, the ways of applying phosphate fertilizers can increase the efficiency of absorption by crops. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the distribution of P at different depths depending on the application of phosphate fertilizer in wheat and common bean crops grown in a Dystrophic Red Latosol from Toledo, western Paraná. The work was carried out under field conditions at the experimental unit of the Agronomy course at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Campus from Toledo. The block design was used in the case, in a scheme of sub-subdivided plots in the space, the first factor being the application mode, the second local factor (lines and between lines), and the third-factor sampling depth (0 – 5, 5 – 10, 10 – 15, 15 – 20 cm), and collections were carried out at seven points in each plot, in two consecutive years. The first soil collection was carried out after the wheat harvest, with soil samplings being performed to quantify the amount of P added to the soil. The soil samples were collected at seven points per plot, four between the lines and three in the sowing lines, in a straight line in each plot, the same procedure was performed after harvesting the bean crop and the second collection was carried out after the bean crop harvest, repeating the analyses, using the Mehlich-1 method. Phosphate fertilizer application modes did not influence P contents in the soil. The highest P contents were obtained at 0-5 cm depth, decreasing along the sampled depths.
{"title":"Phosphorus contents in the soil in function of the modes of application of phosphate fertilizer in two crops in succession","authors":"Gean Marcos Merten, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, A. Richart","doi":"10.18188/sap.v20i2.27765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v20i2.27765","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical soils are naturally poor in phosphorus and, due to the strong interaction with mineral constituents, the ways of applying phosphate fertilizers can increase the efficiency of absorption by crops. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the distribution of P at different depths depending on the application of phosphate fertilizer in wheat and common bean crops grown in a Dystrophic Red Latosol from Toledo, western Paraná. The work was carried out under field conditions at the experimental unit of the Agronomy course at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Campus from Toledo. The block design was used in the case, in a scheme of sub-subdivided plots in the space, the first factor being the application mode, the second local factor (lines and between lines), and the third-factor sampling depth (0 – 5, 5 – 10, 10 – 15, 15 – 20 cm), and collections were carried out at seven points in each plot, in two consecutive years. The first soil collection was carried out after the wheat harvest, with soil samplings being performed to quantify the amount of P added to the soil. The soil samples were collected at seven points per plot, four between the lines and three in the sowing lines, in a straight line in each plot, the same procedure was performed after harvesting the bean crop and the second collection was carried out after the bean crop harvest, repeating the analyses, using the Mehlich-1 method. Phosphate fertilizer application modes did not influence P contents in the soil. The highest P contents were obtained at 0-5 cm depth, decreasing along the sampled depths.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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