Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.23682
Ezequiel Gallio, H. Costa, L. Guerreiro, N. Cruz, R. Beltrame, D. Gatto
The technological properties of wood are constituted by parameters, which after being analyzed, make it possible to define an appropriate use for this material. However, the deterioration of the wood due to the attack of termites, which find their food source in the chemical components, ends up altering these original technological characteristics, reducing their useful life and compromising their use. Thus, this study aimed to determine some technological properties of Pinus elliottii, as well as to evaluate the influence of deterioration caused by Nasutitermes termites in this wood. Specimens with dimensions of 20 x 20 x 150 mm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) were used as specimens. The physical properties evaluated were the basic density and linear shrinkage (tangential and radial contractions, and anisotropy coefficient), while the mechanical properties were represented through the Janka hardness test and compression parallel to the fibers. After 40 days of the biodeterioration test with Nasutitermes termites, changes in the equilibrium moisture content, retractability, water absorption rate and mechanical properties were evaluated. While the physical and mechanical properties evaluated showed values similar to those found in the literature, the deterioration caused by termites caused a reduction in hardness and parameters related to compression, increasing the dimensional instability of the wood, represented by the variation in the anisotropy coefficient. This made it possible to conclude that the biodeterioration resulting from the attack of termites directly affected the technological parameters of the wood, and consequently, its quality for the use in the purpose it could initially be destined.
木材的技术特性由参数组成，经过分析，可以确定这种材料的适当用途。然而，白蚁的攻击导致木材变质，白蚁的食物来源于化学成分，最终改变了这些原始的技术特征，缩短了它们的使用寿命，并影响了它们的用途。因此，本研究旨在确定湿地松的一些技术特性，并评估白蚁对湿地松木材变质的影响。使用尺寸为20 x 20 x 150 mm（切向x径向x纵向）的试样作为试样。评估的物理性能是基本密度和线性收缩（切向和径向收缩以及各向异性系数），而机械性能是通过Janka硬度测试和平行于纤维的压缩来表示的。用白蚁进行40天的生物降解试验后，评估了平衡含水量、收缩性、吸水率和机械性能的变化。虽然评估的物理和机械性能显示出与文献中发现的值相似的值，但白蚁引起的退化导致硬度和与压缩相关的参数降低，增加了木材的尺寸不稳定性，表现为各向异性系数的变化。这就有可能得出结论，白蚁攻击导致的生物退化直接影响了木材的技术参数，从而影响了木材最初用途的质量。
{"title":"Characterization of properties and deterioration by termites in the Pinus elliottii Engelm. wood","authors":"Ezequiel Gallio, H. Costa, L. Guerreiro, N. Cruz, R. Beltrame, D. Gatto","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.23682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.23682","url":null,"abstract":"The technological properties of wood are constituted by parameters, which after being analyzed, make it possible to define an appropriate use for this material. However, the deterioration of the wood due to the attack of termites, which find their food source in the chemical components, ends up altering these original technological characteristics, reducing their useful life and compromising their use. Thus, this study aimed to determine some technological properties of Pinus elliottii, as well as to evaluate the influence of deterioration caused by Nasutitermes termites in this wood. Specimens with dimensions of 20 x 20 x 150 mm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) were used as specimens. The physical properties evaluated were the basic density and linear shrinkage (tangential and radial contractions, and anisotropy coefficient), while the mechanical properties were represented through the Janka hardness test and compression parallel to the fibers. After 40 days of the biodeterioration test with Nasutitermes termites, changes in the equilibrium moisture content, retractability, water absorption rate and mechanical properties were evaluated. While the physical and mechanical properties evaluated showed values similar to those found in the literature, the deterioration caused by termites caused a reduction in hardness and parameters related to compression, increasing the dimensional instability of the wood, represented by the variation in the anisotropy coefficient. This made it possible to conclude that the biodeterioration resulting from the attack of termites directly affected the technological parameters of the wood, and consequently, its quality for the use in the purpose it could initially be destined.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.23987
G. C. D. Silva, Anderli Divina Ferreira Rios, R. F. Silva, W. H. D. Buso, Denise Rodrigues Conceição, Rafaela Santos de Oliveira
Biofertilizers can also be used as plague and disease control agents. The commercial product Microgeo ® is a biological biofertilizer rich in microorganisms. Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the interaction between biofertilizer and nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Microgeo ® biological fertilizer to control the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus in two sugarcane cultivars. The work was carried out in greenhouse conditions with a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), in a triple factorial scheme (2 x 2 x 4), being two types of sugar cane (CTC 04 and CTC 9003), two types of management of the biofertilizer (Management 1: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode at 0 days after transplanting (DAT), management 2: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode in the roots of the plant 30 days later) and four doses of the liquid biofertilizer Microgeo ® (0 L ha -1 ; 150 L ha -1 ; 300 L ha -1 ; 450 L ha -1 ), with four replications. 800 specimens of P. brachyurus were inoculated in each experimental plot. The results showed that cultivating CTC 9003 during the conduct of the experiment showed greater susceptibility to the nematode compared to cultivating CTC 04. The biofertilizer Microgeo ® showed no curative or preventive effect on the control of the nematode under the conditions of the experiment.
生物肥料也可以用作瘟疫和疾病控制剂。商业产品Microgeo®是一种富含微生物的生物肥料。很少有研究评估生物肥料和线虫之间的相互作用。本研究的目的是评估Microgeo®生物肥料在两个甘蔗品种中控制短吻扁线虫的效率。这项工作是在温室条件下进行的，采用完全随机实验设计（DIC），采用三因素方案（2x2x4），即两种类型的甘蔗（CTC 04和CTC 9003），两种生物肥料的管理（管理1：施用生物肥料并在移植后0天接种线虫（DAT），管理2：施用生物肥料并在30天后在植物根部接种线虫）和四剂液体生物肥料Microgeo®（0 L ha-1；150 L ha-1、300 L ha-1和450 L ha-1），进行四次复制。在每个试验区接种800个短吻扁头线虫标本。结果表明，与培养CTC 04相比，在实验进行期间培养CTC 9003显示出对线虫更大的易感性。在实验条件下，生物肥料Microgeo®对线虫的控制没有显示出治疗或预防效果。
{"title":"Biofertilizer in the control of the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus in sugarcane crop","authors":"G. C. D. Silva, Anderli Divina Ferreira Rios, R. F. Silva, W. H. D. Buso, Denise Rodrigues Conceição, Rafaela Santos de Oliveira","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.23987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.23987","url":null,"abstract":"Biofertilizers can also be used as plague and disease control agents. The commercial product Microgeo ® is a biological biofertilizer rich in microorganisms. Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the interaction between biofertilizer and nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Microgeo ® biological fertilizer to control the nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus in two sugarcane cultivars. The work was carried out in greenhouse conditions with a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), in a triple factorial scheme (2 x 2 x 4), being two types of sugar cane (CTC 04 and CTC 9003), two types of management of the biofertilizer (Management 1: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode at 0 days after transplanting (DAT), management 2: application of the biofertilizer and inoculation of the nematode in the roots of the plant 30 days later) and four doses of the liquid biofertilizer Microgeo ® (0 L ha -1 ; 150 L ha -1 ; 300 L ha -1 ; 450 L ha -1 ), with four replications. 800 specimens of P. brachyurus were inoculated in each experimental plot. The results showed that cultivating CTC 9003 during the conduct of the experiment showed greater susceptibility to the nematode compared to cultivating CTC 04. The biofertilizer Microgeo ® showed no curative or preventive effect on the control of the nematode under the conditions of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43861078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24537
Lenir Fátima Gotz, Felipe Piovesan, A. Castamann
The use of rock powder as a source of nutrients to plants can be an alternative or complement to mineral soluble and organic sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different rock powder doses, associated or not with livestock manure, as a source of nutrients for bean and its effect on soil chemical attributes. The treatments consisted of the application of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha -1 of rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure (17 Mg ha -1 ), applied on the soil surface, without incorporation. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks, with three replicates, and in a factorial arrangement (5x2). The grain yield of bean, height plants and number of plants m -2 were not influenced by the treatments. On the other hand, the application of 3 Mg ha -1 of rock powder associated with livestock manure resulted in a higher number of grains per pod, and the increase in the rock powder doses affected the number of pods per plant. In the soil, only the manure application, regardless of the rock powder, resulted in effects: reduced potential acidity and potential cation exchange capacity, and increased phosphorus content and base saturation. Thus, rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure, is not effective in improving bean yield and soil chemical attributes after approximately three months of application, and the use of livestock manure, regardless of the rock powder doses, improves some chemical attributes in the soil.
使用岩粉作为植物的营养来源，可以替代或补充矿物可溶性和有机来源。因此，本研究的目的是评估不同剂量的岩石粉(与畜禽粪便相关或不相关)作为豆类营养来源的潜力及其对土壤化学属性的影响。分别在土壤表面施用0、3、6、9和12 Mg ha -1的石粉，与禽畜粪便(17 Mg ha -1)结合或不结合，不掺入土壤。实验采用完全随机分组，3个重复，并采用因子排列(5x2)。籽粒产量、株高和株数m -2均不受不同处理的影响。另一方面，施用3 Mg ha -1与畜禽粪便配施的岩粉可提高单株荚果数，且岩粉用量的增加对单株荚果数有影响。在土壤中，只施用有机肥，而不施用石粉，产生的效果是:降低潜在酸度和潜在阳离子交换量，增加磷含量和碱饱和度。因此，石粉，无论是否与畜禽粪便相结合，在施用约三个月后，都不能有效提高大豆产量和土壤化学属性，而畜禽粪便的使用，无论石粉的剂量如何，都能改善土壤中的某些化学属性。
{"title":"Rock powder and organic fertilization in soil cultivated with black bean","authors":"Lenir Fátima Gotz, Felipe Piovesan, A. Castamann","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24537","url":null,"abstract":"The use of rock powder as a source of nutrients to plants can be an alternative or complement to mineral soluble and organic sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different rock powder doses, associated or not with livestock manure, as a source of nutrients for bean and its effect on soil chemical attributes. The treatments consisted of the application of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha -1 of rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure (17 Mg ha -1 ), applied on the soil surface, without incorporation. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks, with three replicates, and in a factorial arrangement (5x2). The grain yield of bean, height plants and number of plants m -2 were not influenced by the treatments. On the other hand, the application of 3 Mg ha -1 of rock powder associated with livestock manure resulted in a higher number of grains per pod, and the increase in the rock powder doses affected the number of pods per plant. In the soil, only the manure application, regardless of the rock powder, resulted in effects: reduced potential acidity and potential cation exchange capacity, and increased phosphorus content and base saturation. Thus, rock powder, associated or not with livestock manure, is not effective in improving bean yield and soil chemical attributes after approximately three months of application, and the use of livestock manure, regardless of the rock powder doses, improves some chemical attributes in the soil.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47403774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24204
P. W. R. Coutinho, M. D. M. Echer, V. F. Guimarães, M. C. Lana, Thatiane Nepomuceno Alves, A. Inagaki
Silicon is a beneficial nutrient for the growth and production of many plant species, including tomatoes. The objective was to evaluate the influence of calcium silicate on the morphophysiological characteristics of tomatoes and the absorption of silicon, calcium, and magnesium. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment from August to December 2017, in a random block design, in a 2 x 5 factor scheme, with four repetitions. The first factor consisted of two hybrids (Ivety and Natalia) and the second factor by doses of calcium silicate (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ). The fruits were evaluated for number of fruits per plant, longitudinal and transversal diameter, average fruit mass, commercial, noncommercial, and total productivity. The plants were evaluated for number of leaves, stem diameter, plant length, leaf area, membrane integrity damage, lignin content, stem and leaves dry mass, silicon accumulation and content, calcium, and magnesium contents in the leaves and in tomato fruits. The morphometric characteristics of Ivety and Natalia tomato hybrids were not altered by increasing doses of calcium silicate. The increased doses of calcium silicate influenced the non-commercial productivity of the tomato fruits, showing a reduction of this with the increased doses. Calcium silicate influenced differently in each hybrid, and it is worth noting that these results may vary in terms of genetic material and cultivation environment.
{"title":"Productivity of tomato hybrids due to the application of calcium silicate","authors":"P. W. R. Coutinho, M. D. M. Echer, V. F. Guimarães, M. C. Lana, Thatiane Nepomuceno Alves, A. Inagaki","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24204","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon is a beneficial nutrient for the growth and production of many plant species, including tomatoes. The objective was to evaluate the influence of calcium silicate on the morphophysiological characteristics of tomatoes and the absorption of silicon, calcium, and magnesium. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment from August to December 2017, in a random block design, in a 2 x 5 factor scheme, with four repetitions. The first factor consisted of two hybrids (Ivety and Natalia) and the second factor by doses of calcium silicate (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ). The fruits were evaluated for number of fruits per plant, longitudinal and transversal diameter, average fruit mass, commercial, noncommercial, and total productivity. The plants were evaluated for number of leaves, stem diameter, plant length, leaf area, membrane integrity damage, lignin content, stem and leaves dry mass, silicon accumulation and content, calcium, and magnesium contents in the leaves and in tomato fruits. The morphometric characteristics of Ivety and Natalia tomato hybrids were not altered by increasing doses of calcium silicate. The increased doses of calcium silicate influenced the non-commercial productivity of the tomato fruits, showing a reduction of this with the increased doses. Calcium silicate influenced differently in each hybrid, and it is worth noting that these results may vary in terms of genetic material and cultivation environment.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67541344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24506
E. R. D. C. Cardoso, Francisco Nildo da Silva, Sandra Sely Silveira Maia, F. F. F. Hernandez, Rosemery Alesandra firmino dos Santos, Lailla Sabrina Queiroz Nazareno
One of the strategies for the recovery of degraded soils is the planting of fast-growing forage species with high biomass production. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils with organic fertilization and different phosphorus levels. A completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with four soil types, three levels of phosphorus fertilization and two levels of organic fertilization. At 64 days after sowing the characteristics of the initial growth were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh shoot mass. The height was measured by measuring the neck of the plant until the end of the newest fully expanded leaf, measured with the aid of a measuring tape and expressed in centimeters. The diameter of the stem, by means of a digital pachymeter. The application of phosphorus and organic matter in degraded soils is necessary for the initial development of sorghum plants, due to the low availability of this element, caused by the high adsorption of P in the soil colloids. Besides that, the lack of organic matter in the studied soils led to a decrease in the growth of sorghum, therefore, it is concluded that soil management in saline environments is necessary for the application of phosphorus and organic matter for a sustainable and technically viable production.
{"title":"Phosphate fertilization and organic compost on the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils","authors":"E. R. D. C. Cardoso, Francisco Nildo da Silva, Sandra Sely Silveira Maia, F. F. F. Hernandez, Rosemery Alesandra firmino dos Santos, Lailla Sabrina Queiroz Nazareno","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24506","url":null,"abstract":"One of the strategies for the recovery of degraded soils is the planting of fast-growing forage species with high biomass production. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils with organic fertilization and different phosphorus levels. A completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with four soil types, three levels of phosphorus fertilization and two levels of organic fertilization. At 64 days after sowing the characteristics of the initial growth were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh shoot mass. The height was measured by measuring the neck of the plant until the end of the newest fully expanded leaf, measured with the aid of a measuring tape and expressed in centimeters. The diameter of the stem, by means of a digital pachymeter. The application of phosphorus and organic matter in degraded soils is necessary for the initial development of sorghum plants, due to the low availability of this element, caused by the high adsorption of P in the soil colloids. Besides that, the lack of organic matter in the studied soils led to a decrease in the growth of sorghum, therefore, it is concluded that soil management in saline environments is necessary for the application of phosphorus and organic matter for a sustainable and technically viable production.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45027030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24070
D. M. Silveira, F. C. D. Carvalho, G. Mariano, André Luiz Oliveira de Francisco
Beet needs a high demand of nutrients to improve its development and productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer forms in the development and productivity of the beet crop. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Fazenda Escola of the Higher Education Center of Campos Gerais, located in the city of Ponta Grossa-PR, between September and November 2018. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme [2 genotypes of beet (Boron hybrid and Tall Top Early Wonder cultivar) x 4 forms of fertilization, T1 control (without fertilization), T2 poultry litter, T3 bovine manure and T4 NPK], containing four repetitions. The harvest was carried out at 75 days after transplanting the seedlings, harvesting five plants from each plot to carry out the analyzes, thus evaluating the number of leaves per plant, height of the aerial part, fresh mass of the aerial part and the root, productivity, horizontal diameter and commercial classification of root, presence of white rings through notes and soluble solids content (oBrix). Among the different genotypes studied, the cultivar Tall Top Early Wonder was superior in the variables of plant height, fresh mass of roots and leaves and soluble solids, 75 days after transplantation. The cultivar Tall Top Early Wonder responded better, implying the idea that organic fertilization would be an alternative as a source of nutrients in beet production.
甜菜对养分的需求量很大，以促进其发育和生产力。本研究的目的是评价不同肥料形式对甜菜作物生长发育和生产力的影响。该实验于2018年9月至11月在位于蓬塔格罗萨- pr市坎波斯吉拉斯高等教育中心的Fazenda Escola实验区进行。试验设计采用2x4因子随机区组设计[2个基因型甜菜(硼杂交品种和高顶早奇迹品种)× 4种施肥方式，T1对照(不施肥)，T2禽粪，T3牛粪和T4氮磷钾]，共4个重复。在移栽后75天进行采收，每个地块采收5株进行分析，从而评估每株叶片数量、地上部分高度、地上部分和根的新鲜质量、生产力、根的水平直径和商业分类、白环的存在和可溶性固形物含量(oBrix)。在不同的基因型中，移栽后75 d，高顶早奇迹品种在株高、根、叶鲜质量和可溶性固形物等指标上均表现优异。品种“高顶早奇迹”(Tall Top Early Wonder)的反应更好，这意味着有机施肥将成为甜菜生产中另一种营养来源。
{"title":"Development and productivity of two beet genotypes for fertilization","authors":"D. M. Silveira, F. C. D. Carvalho, G. Mariano, André Luiz Oliveira de Francisco","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24070","url":null,"abstract":"Beet needs a high demand of nutrients to improve its development and productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer forms in the development and productivity of the beet crop. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Fazenda Escola of the Higher Education Center of Campos Gerais, located in the city of Ponta Grossa-PR, between September and November 2018. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme [2 genotypes of beet (Boron hybrid and Tall Top Early Wonder cultivar) x 4 forms of fertilization, T1 control (without fertilization), T2 poultry litter, T3 bovine manure and T4 NPK], containing four repetitions. The harvest was carried out at 75 days after transplanting the seedlings, harvesting five plants from each plot to carry out the analyzes, thus evaluating the number of leaves per plant, height of the aerial part, fresh mass of the aerial part and the root, productivity, horizontal diameter and commercial classification of root, presence of white rings through notes and soluble solids content (oBrix). Among the different genotypes studied, the cultivar Tall Top Early Wonder was superior in the variables of plant height, fresh mass of roots and leaves and soluble solids, 75 days after transplantation. The cultivar Tall Top Early Wonder responded better, implying the idea that organic fertilization would be an alternative as a source of nutrients in beet production.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24349
F. Steiner, A. M. Zuffo, Kátia Cristina da Silva, Isabela Machado de Oliveira Lima, Hector José Valerio Ardon
Cotton has been widely cultivated in the Cerrado region, including the crop-livestock integration system under no-till. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residues from ruzigrass [ Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C.M. Evrard) Crins] and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, and yield of cotton crop ( Gossypium hirsutum L. R. latifolium Hutch.), cv. TMG 44 B2RF. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of three production systems: i) conventional cotton cropping in fallow area; ii) cotton cropping in the presence of straw from the shoots and roots of ruzigrass plants; iii) cotton cropping only in the presence of residues from the ruzigrass roots. The subplots consisted of five rates of N (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha – 1 ), applied at 30 and 50 days after seedling emergence. The presence of ruzigrass straw provided less growth and development of cotton, in addition to less N uptake by plants. The cotton cropping in the crop-livestock integration system in the presence of residues from the roots and shoots of the ruzigrass plants resulted in the greater cotton yield in the second year, demonstrating the importance of the straw formation of the cover crops for the sandy soils of the Cerrado region. The optimal application rate of N in topdressing for the cropping of cotton in succession or not with ruzigrass residues in sandy soil varies from 100 to 110 kg N ha – 1 .
塞拉多地区广泛种植棉花，包括免耕下的作物-牲畜一体化系统。本研究的目的是评估ruzigrass[Urochloa ruziziensis（R.Germ.&C.M.Evrard）Crins]的植物残留物和氮肥对棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.R.latifolium Hutch.）（cv.TMG44 B2RF）氮利用效率、生长和产量的影响。实验设计是随机分组，采用分割图方案，进行四次重复。这些地块由三个生产系统组成：一是休耕区的传统棉花种植；ii）在存在来自ruzigrass植物的芽和根的稻草的情况下种植棉花；iii）仅在存在来自ruzigrass根的残留物的情况下种植棉花。亚地块由5种N（0、40、80、120和160 kg ha–1）组成，分别在幼苗出苗后30和50天施用。ruzigrass秸秆的存在不仅减少了植物对氮的吸收，还减少了棉花的生长发育。作物-牲畜一体化系统中的棉花种植，在存在ruzigrass植物根部和枝条残留物的情况下，第二年的棉花产量更高，这表明了覆盖作物秸秆形成对塞拉多地区沙质土壤的重要性。在沙质土壤中连续或不连续种植棉花的追肥中，氮的最佳施用量在100至110 kg N ha–1之间。
{"title":"Cotton response to nitrogen fertilization in the integrated crop-livestock system","authors":"F. Steiner, A. M. Zuffo, Kátia Cristina da Silva, Isabela Machado de Oliveira Lima, Hector José Valerio Ardon","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24349","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton has been widely cultivated in the Cerrado region, including the crop-livestock integration system under no-till. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residues from ruzigrass [ Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C.M. Evrard) Crins] and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, and yield of cotton crop ( Gossypium hirsutum L. R. latifolium Hutch.), cv. TMG 44 B2RF. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of three production systems: i) conventional cotton cropping in fallow area; ii) cotton cropping in the presence of straw from the shoots and roots of ruzigrass plants; iii) cotton cropping only in the presence of residues from the ruzigrass roots. The subplots consisted of five rates of N (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha – 1 ), applied at 30 and 50 days after seedling emergence. The presence of ruzigrass straw provided less growth and development of cotton, in addition to less N uptake by plants. The cotton cropping in the crop-livestock integration system in the presence of residues from the roots and shoots of the ruzigrass plants resulted in the greater cotton yield in the second year, demonstrating the importance of the straw formation of the cover crops for the sandy soils of the Cerrado region. The optimal application rate of N in topdressing for the cropping of cotton in succession or not with ruzigrass residues in sandy soil varies from 100 to 110 kg N ha – 1 .","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.22566
Edvan Costa da Silva, Wagner Menechini, C. Galvão, Luís Augusto Batista de Oliveira, Natália Cássia de Faria Ferreira, Luciana Sabini da Silva
The electrical conductivity test stands out among the existing physiological quality tests due to its simplicity of execution, repeatability, speed, easy interpretation of results, and low cost. This study aimed to establish a methodology for the test of electric conductivity in lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik), involving the seeds’ number of seeds and soaking time. The experiment was conducted at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of the State University of Goiás, Campus Ipameri, in 2018. Lentil Silvina seeds were used, stored in the seed laboratory of the same institution. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four seed lots (25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds) and five soaking times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours) at 25 oC, with four replications. The initial seed quality was characterized (water content, first counting of germination, percentage of germination, accelerated aging and 1000-seed weight). For the electrical conductivity test, four repetitions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds each were used, weighed on a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.001 g and placed in plastic cups, with a capacity of 200 mL, containing 75 mL of distilled water. Then, the plastic cups remained in a BOD chamber, adjusted at 25 °C and the measuring was performed after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours of soaking in a conductivity meter (DIGIMED DM 31), the results being expressed in μS cm -1 g -1 . There was a significant interaction when evaluating the number of seeds per repetition and the soaking time. The use of replicates with 50 seeds subjected to 12 h of soaking shows the best results for the lentil seeds' electrical conductivity test.
{"title":"Adequacy of electrical conductivity test for lentil seeds","authors":"Edvan Costa da Silva, Wagner Menechini, C. Galvão, Luís Augusto Batista de Oliveira, Natália Cássia de Faria Ferreira, Luciana Sabini da Silva","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.22566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.22566","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conductivity test stands out among the existing physiological quality tests due to its simplicity of execution, repeatability, speed, easy interpretation of results, and low cost. This study aimed to establish a methodology for the test of electric conductivity in lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik), involving the seeds’ number of seeds and soaking time. The experiment was conducted at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of the State University of Goiás, Campus Ipameri, in 2018. Lentil Silvina seeds were used, stored in the seed laboratory of the same institution. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four seed lots (25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds) and five soaking times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours) at 25 oC, with four replications. The initial seed quality was characterized (water content, first counting of germination, percentage of germination, accelerated aging and 1000-seed weight). For the electrical conductivity test, four repetitions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds each were used, weighed on a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.001 g and placed in plastic cups, with a capacity of 200 mL, containing 75 mL of distilled water. Then, the plastic cups remained in a BOD chamber, adjusted at 25 °C and the measuring was performed after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours of soaking in a conductivity meter (DIGIMED DM 31), the results being expressed in μS cm -1 g -1 . There was a significant interaction when evaluating the number of seeds per repetition and the soaking time. The use of replicates with 50 seeds subjected to 12 h of soaking shows the best results for the lentil seeds' electrical conductivity test.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.24426
Fernando Belezini Vinha, Luis Arnaldo de Assis Delfanti, V. Pagliarani, Vitor S Ferreira, A. Pinto
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane crop in the world,but its production can be highly affected by the pest Sphenophorus levis. The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana can be used for the control of this pest, but are not always effective in the field, lacking information on application methods, doses and formulations. We evaluate the efficacy of M. anisopliae IBCB 425 and B.bassiana IBCB 66 in controlling S. levis and other soil pests at sugarcane crop. The bioassay was conducted in a split plot design, where each of the 4 treatments were repeated 5 times and distributed over an area of 5.000 m 2 . The treatments for both fungi consisted of: Wettable powder (WP) formulation 225 g conidia ha -1 , WP formulation 450 g conidia ha -1 , granule (GR) formulation 10 Kg ha -1 and Control (no fungal application). WP fungi formulations were applied to the ratoon with a tractor using a ratoon cutter and an pesticide applicator. The GR fungi formulation was manually applied on the ratoons. The evaluations were performed after 21, 60 and 100 days of fungi application. B. Bassiana fungus reduced the pest population but did not differ from the control, however for M. Anisopliae fungus there were significant differences between treatments on damaged stems. The fungus M. anisopliae was effective in controlling S. levis larvae and adults in the field and WP formulation had faster action than the GR, the dose of 225 g conidia ha -1 was enought to reduce S. levis population.
巴西是世界上最大的甘蔗生产国，但它的产量可能受到甘蔗害虫Sphenophorus levis的严重影响。昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌可用于防治这种害虫，但由于缺乏有关应用方法、剂量和配方的信息，在田间并不总是有效的。研究了金龟子僵菌IBCB 425和球孢僵菌IBCB 66对甘蔗土壤害虫李氏僵菌和其他土壤害虫的防治效果。生物测定采用裂区设计，4个处理各重复5次，分布在5000平方米的面积上。两种真菌的处理均为:湿性粉剂225 g分生孢子ha -1，湿性粉剂450 g分生孢子ha -1，颗粒剂10 Kg ha -1和对照(不施用真菌)。用拖拉机、割草机和农药喷洒器将WP真菌制剂施用于水稻上。人工将GR真菌制剂涂在菌丝上。分别在施用真菌21、60和100天后进行评价。球孢白僵菌减少了害虫种群数量，但与对照差异不显著，而金龟子白僵菌在不同处理间对受损茎的影响差异显著。绿僵菌在田间对绿僵菌的幼虫和成虫均有较好的控制效果，且白粉剂制剂的作用速度快于白粉剂制剂，225 g分生菌/ 1的剂量足以减少绿僵菌的数量。
{"title":"Entomopathogenic fungi on the control of Sphenophorus levis in sugarcane crop","authors":"Fernando Belezini Vinha, Luis Arnaldo de Assis Delfanti, V. Pagliarani, Vitor S Ferreira, A. Pinto","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.24426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24426","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane crop in the world,but its production can be highly affected by the pest Sphenophorus levis. The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana can be used for the control of this pest, but are not always effective in the field, lacking information on application methods, doses and formulations. We evaluate the efficacy of M. anisopliae IBCB 425 and B.bassiana IBCB 66 in controlling S. levis and other soil pests at sugarcane crop. The bioassay was conducted in a split plot design, where each of the 4 treatments were repeated 5 times and distributed over an area of 5.000 m 2 . The treatments for both fungi consisted of: Wettable powder (WP) formulation 225 g conidia ha -1 , WP formulation 450 g conidia ha -1 , granule (GR) formulation 10 Kg ha -1 and Control (no fungal application). WP fungi formulations were applied to the ratoon with a tractor using a ratoon cutter and an pesticide applicator. The GR fungi formulation was manually applied on the ratoons. The evaluations were performed after 21, 60 and 100 days of fungi application. B. Bassiana fungus reduced the pest population but did not differ from the control, however for M. Anisopliae fungus there were significant differences between treatments on damaged stems. The fungus M. anisopliae was effective in controlling S. levis larvae and adults in the field and WP formulation had faster action than the GR, the dose of 225 g conidia ha -1 was enought to reduce S. levis population.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48736411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.18188/sap.v19i3.23949
D. C. D. Lima, T. S. Bastos, C. Souza, Juarez Ribeiro da Silva, S. Oliveira, A. Félix
Controlling the factors that influence the conservation of extruded dog foods can increase shelf life and/or guarantee the quality of shelf life of diets for these animals. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the relationship among water activity (Aw), moisture (M), acidity, lipid peroxidation, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and kibble size of extruded dog foods stored in sealed and open packages for 60 days (Experiment I). We also evaluated the stability of the Aw for up to 6.5 hours after coating with palatant (Experiment II). We manufactured four extruded dry dog foods: high CP and EE (HPE); low CP and EE (LPE); small kibble (SK); and large kibble (LK). In experiment I, the foods were stored in sealed 1 kg packages and 10 kg open packages, for a period of 60 days. We measured Aw, M, acidity, peroxide, CP, and EE of foods and the relative humidity (RH). Data were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis. For experiment II, samples were collected immediately after coating with palatant. Sub samples were collected every half hour to measure Aw. In experiment I, positive correlations were observed (P<0.05) among kibble size, M, and Aw; acidity, CP, EE, and M; and between Aw and RH, for open and sealed packages. There was also a positive correlation (P<0.05) for open packages among time, Aw, and peroxide. In experiment II, LK and LPE food presented Aw stabilized in less time. Diets with higher kibble size and high CP and EE levels are more unstable if kept in open packages. Extruded dry food with higher protein and lipid and smaller kibble size needs more time to stabilize its Aw.
{"title":"Stability of extruded diets for dogs","authors":"D. C. D. Lima, T. S. Bastos, C. Souza, Juarez Ribeiro da Silva, S. Oliveira, A. Félix","doi":"10.18188/sap.v19i3.23949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.23949","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the factors that influence the conservation of extruded dog foods can increase shelf life and/or guarantee the quality of shelf life of diets for these animals. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the relationship among water activity (Aw), moisture (M), acidity, lipid peroxidation, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and kibble size of extruded dog foods stored in sealed and open packages for 60 days (Experiment I). We also evaluated the stability of the Aw for up to 6.5 hours after coating with palatant (Experiment II). We manufactured four extruded dry dog foods: high CP and EE (HPE); low CP and EE (LPE); small kibble (SK); and large kibble (LK). In experiment I, the foods were stored in sealed 1 kg packages and 10 kg open packages, for a period of 60 days. We measured Aw, M, acidity, peroxide, CP, and EE of foods and the relative humidity (RH). Data were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis. For experiment II, samples were collected immediately after coating with palatant. Sub samples were collected every half hour to measure Aw. In experiment I, positive correlations were observed (P<0.05) among kibble size, M, and Aw; acidity, CP, EE, and M; and between Aw and RH, for open and sealed packages. There was also a positive correlation (P<0.05) for open packages among time, Aw, and peroxide. In experiment II, LK and LPE food presented Aw stabilized in less time. Diets with higher kibble size and high CP and EE levels are more unstable if kept in open packages. Extruded dry food with higher protein and lipid and smaller kibble size needs more time to stabilize its Aw.","PeriodicalId":30289,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agraria Paranaensis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42972824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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