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Assess the Effects of Leakage Current on Reinforced Concrete in a Connected Building System 评估泄漏电流对连接建筑系统中钢筋混凝土的影响
Pub Date : 2020-08-13 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.10.555789
R. Abdollahi
Armed concrete has been used as an effective and safe German for over 50 years in industrial, commercial systems, as well as systems protection systems. Concrete acts as a suitable substrate such as many moist soils, such as an active media environment. The ability of the concrete to accelerate moisture absorption and stability, in the long run, makes the task of implementing the earth electrode, especially for dry places. Over the years, the use of the buried electrodes in the concrete has reached full maturity. The primary concerns for dealing with large currents and preventing local rapid warming and blowing up concrete supports of embedded metal conductors have been considered. However, new concerns appeared and should be addressed by industry experts. A new concern is the long - term impact of small currents on rebar corrosion and the creation of micro-cracks around concrete connections. In this paper, the long - term impact of small currents on armed concrete has been tested and tested. Experimental results show that long - term passage of building leakage currents in the connected building system causes compressive strength reduction, reduction of concrete durability and increased penetration of reinforced concrete. The flow passage through the reinforced concrete leads to an increase in the temperature of the concrete and thus the evaporation of the water present in it, and the water vapor pressure causes the penetration of the voids of concrete to the boundary of the sand and sand. In addition, the evaporation of the concrete also leads to an increase in the electrical resistance of the reinforced concrete.
武装混凝土作为一种有效和安全的德国产品,在工业、商业系统以及系统保护系统中已经使用了50多年。混凝土作为一种合适的基质,如许多潮湿的土壤,如活跃的介质环境。从长远来看,混凝土加速吸湿和稳定的能力使得实施接地电极的任务,特别是对于干燥的地方。多年来,埋设电极在混凝土中的应用已经完全成熟。考虑了处理大电流和防止局部快速升温和爆炸埋入金属导体的混凝土支架的主要问题。然而,新的问题出现了,应该由行业专家来解决。一个新的问题是小电流对钢筋腐蚀的长期影响以及混凝土连接处周围微裂缝的产生。本文对小电流对武装混凝土的长期影响进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,建筑泄漏电流在连接的建筑体系中长期通过,导致混凝土抗压强度降低,混凝土耐久性降低,钢筋混凝土渗透增加。通过钢筋混凝土的流动通道导致混凝土温度升高,从而使其中存在的水蒸发,水蒸气压力使混凝土的空隙渗透到砂土和砂土的边界。此外,混凝土的蒸发也会导致钢筋混凝土的电阻增加。
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引用次数: 0
Features of Pressure-Free Impregnation of Binders and their Bid in the Practice of Fixing the Moving Desert Sands 无压浸渍胶结剂的特点及其在流动沙漠固沙中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.10.555787
Mirakhmedov Makhamadjan
Desert sand is subject to deflation. During the construction and operation of railways in the sandy desert, deflation leads to filling the railway track with sand, as well as to soil erosion. To prevent this phenomenon, a binder is sprayed onto the surface of the sand. The penetration of the working composition of the binder into the sand is accompanied by an uneven distribution of the substance, which is proposed to characterize the saturation coefficient. The features of the interaction of the binder and sand from which the protective crust is formed are revealed. Impregnation occurs under the predominant influence of gravitational or capillary forces. The latter allows you to have a uniform distribution of the substance. Preliminary wetting can reduce the pore space of sand and change the nature of the transfer of matter to capillary, which as a result allows obtaining resource-saving technology for fixing movable sand.
沙漠中的沙子容易发生通货紧缩。在沙质沙漠铁路的建设和运营过程中,压缩会导致铁路轨道填沙,同时也会造成水土流失。为了防止这种现象,在沙子表面喷上粘合剂。结合剂的工作成分渗透到砂中伴随着物质的不均匀分布,这是表征饱和系数的提出。揭示了形成保护壳的粘结剂与砂相互作用的特征。浸渍在重力或毛细力的主要影响下发生。后者可以使物质均匀分布。初步润湿可以减小砂土的孔隙空间,改变物质向毛管转移的性质,从而获得资源节约型固定动砂的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical Rationalisation of a Geotechnical Narrative to Cost Overruns in Highway Projects 公路工程造价超支的岩土叙事的哲学合理化
Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.10.555786
Alolote Amadi I
Different methodological routes to the study of cost overruns are evident in the literature. A critical review reveals several gaps, particularly the lack of methodologically robust explanatory evidence to support the assertions that geotechnical risks significantly impact on cost overruns in highway projects. This study evaluates and select an adequate philosophical/methodological orientation relevant to provide a geotechnical narrative to the phenomena of cost overruns in highway projects. This paper thus sets out the underlying philosophical and logical reasoning that served as a guide on the conduct of a study, carried out to illuminate geotechnical trajectories to cost overruns in highway projects. Critical evaluation of the different philosophical stances evident in the literature was carried out, while factoring in the practicality and compatibility of the methods implicit in the various research strategies. The study adopted the philosophical stance of the critical realist, via the amalgamation of ontological positivism, with epistemological constructivism, in acknowledging the role that values and societal ideology play in the derivation of empirical knowledge on cost overruns. The case study approach was further justified as an appropriate research strategy necessary to provide a geotechnical narrative to cost overruns, in view of its: wholesomeness in investigating the study phenomena; ability to incorporate requisite multiple data sources and research techniques; and compatibility with adopted pragmatist philosophical critical realist viewpoint. The study espouses the need for objectivity, albeit a multi-perspective interpretative understanding of the human factors in organizational practice, that drive the more technical concerns about ground related risks, as a core requirement, necessary to provide a geotechnical narrative to cost overruns in highway projects.
研究成本超支的不同方法路线在文献中是显而易见的。一项重要的审查揭示了一些差距,特别是缺乏方法上强有力的解释性证据来支持岩土工程风险对高速公路项目成本超支有重大影响的断言。本研究评估并选择了一个适当的哲学/方法论方向,为高速公路项目中成本超支的现象提供岩土工程叙事。因此,本文列出了作为指导进行研究的基本哲学和逻辑推理,该研究旨在阐明公路项目中成本超支的岩土工程轨迹。对文献中明显的不同哲学立场进行了批判性评估,同时考虑到各种研究策略中隐含的方法的实用性和兼容性。本研究采用批判现实主义的哲学立场,通过本体论实证主义与认识论建构主义的融合,承认价值观和社会意识形态在成本超支经验知识的推导中所起的作用。案例研究方法进一步被证明是一种适当的研究策略,因为它有利于调查研究现象,因此需要对成本超支进行地质技术叙述;能够整合必要的多种数据来源和研究技术;并与所采用的实用主义哲学批判现实主义观点相兼容。该研究支持客观的需要,尽管是对组织实践中人为因素的多角度解释性理解,这推动了对地面相关风险的更多技术关注,作为一项核心要求,为公路项目的成本超支提供必要的岩土技术叙述。
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引用次数: 0
Geo-Characterisation of Highway Construction Cost Drivers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区公路建设成本驱动因素的地理特征
Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.10.555785
Alolote Amadi I
This study explores the geologic peculiarities of the Niger Delta region, which creates a propensity for the significantly high cost of highway development. The heterogeneous geologic configuration of the area, in terms of its landscape, geomorphology and hydrology are descriptively and techno-economically analysed, based on available local literature, supplemented by geotechnical field work data. The study discusses and analyses the construction cost implications of the inherent geo-variability of the terrain, and the financial implications as it relates to the practicalities of carrying out road construction in the Niger Delta. The analysis outlines the cost considerations associated with highway pavement and drainage construction in view of the hydro-geomorphological setting of the Niger Delta. The analysis reiterates the predominance of fined grained subgrade soils, which will require remedial re-engineering measures and significant construction costs. Furthermore, the study highlights the increased costs of drainage construction in view of the significant volume of precipitation surplus and relief of the region. The study submits that recognising the challenges and cost associated with the adverse geo-configuration of most parts of the Niger Delta, is a necessary starting point to maximise value for money in highway projects.
本研究探讨了尼日尔三角洲地区的地质特点,这造成了高速公路发展成本显着高的倾向。根据现有的当地文献,并辅以岩土实地工作数据,对该地区在景观、地貌和水文方面的异质地质结构进行了描述性和技术经济分析。该研究讨论和分析了地形固有的地理变异性对建设成本的影响,以及与在尼日尔三角洲进行道路建设的实际情况有关的财政影响。鉴于尼日尔三角洲的水文地貌环境,分析概述了与公路路面和排水建设有关的费用考虑。分析重申了细粒路基土壤的优势,这将需要补救的重新工程措施和大量的建设成本。此外,该研究强调,鉴于该地区大量的降水过剩和地形起伏,排水建设的成本增加了。该研究提出,认识到与尼日尔三角洲大部分地区不利的地理配置相关的挑战和成本,是实现公路项目资金价值最大化的必要起点。
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引用次数: 0
Settlements Preparation for Future Progress in Vehicles 定居点为未来车辆的发展做准备
Pub Date : 2020-07-07 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.10.555781
Hasenko Lv
The research is devoted to individual environment-friendly vehicles, which can be used in the street-road network of settlements. Are analyzed the benefits that accrue from the use of such vehicles in the areas of medicine, the environment, the economy, and the social sphere. The examples of individual vehicles, the most common of which is a bicycle, are presented. Are formulated particularities of such modes of transport and the requirements that must be applied to the infrastructure for comfortable and safe driving by them.
该研究是针对可用于住区街道-道路网络的个人环保型车辆进行的。分析了在医学、环境、经济和社会领域使用此类车辆所产生的效益。个别交通工具的例子,其中最常见的是自行车,提出。这些运输方式的特性,以及必须应用于基础设施的要求,以使其舒适和安全驾驶。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Vegetation on Shear Stress and Flow Rate in Open Channel using Flow3D 利用Flow3D研究植被对明渠剪应力和流速的影响
Pub Date : 2020-02-24 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.09.555774
A. Fard
Flood accidents account for approximately one-third of all financial losses worldwide. Analysis of the trend of accidents shows that in recent years such incidents have increased dramatically. In recent years, river engineers have been looking for a suitable solution to reduce the impact of floods. The critical role of floodplains in flood relief is significant and their reconstruction is being promoted [1]. The hydraulic flow exchange between the river channel and its floodplain is complex. In a relatively high discharge that engulfs the adjacent floodplain, the exchange of flow between the main channel and the floodplain results in rotational currents [2]. Traditionally, the presence of vegetation on the floodplain as a problem that disrupts flow capacity has been the focus of river engineers [3]. The presence of vegetation in the floodplains adds a degree of complexity to the analysis of composite channel flows and the amount of drag force applied by the flow to the plant cannot be ignored. Observing the riverbanks shows that plant growth in a row on the edge of a flood plain is a common arrangement [4]. A range of coastal plants may be used for shore sustainability, promoting environmental diversity or for creating scenic landscapes. Hubble [5] et al. Knowledge about the impact of vegetation on the flow structure is scarce at present. In order to achieve simultaneous protection against floods and environmental requirements, better awareness of the hydraulic flow in composite channels with vegetation is required. High-momentum rotational currents transmit the current from the main channel to the floodplain, which results in a decrease in transmission in the main channel and its increase near the floodplain. This phenomenon is known as the kinematic effect [6]. The relative depth of Dr is defined as the ratio of the flow depth in the floodplain (Hfp) to the water depth in the main channel (Hmc) [7]. Strong exchange was observed at a relative depth between 0.1 and 0.3 [8]. In composite channels like simple straight channels, rotational currents are caused by non-isotropic perturbations and their properties are influenced by many factors such as channel transverse geometry, shape ratio, relative depth and turbulence value. Tominaga and Nezu [9] performed experiments on a rectangular composite channel and concluded that the size and position of secondary flows were highly dependent on channel geometry [10]. The researchers identified a weak secondary current in the main channel and floodplain at a relative depth of Dr = 0.5, and a rotational current near the free surface of the current along the side wall of the main channel [11].
洪水事故约占全球所有经济损失的三分之一。对事故趋势的分析表明,近年来这类事故急剧增加。近年来,河流工程师一直在寻找一种合适的解决方案来减少洪水的影响。洪泛区在抗洪救灾中的关键作用十分重要,其重建工作正在推进中[1]。河道与河漫滩之间的水力流量交换是复杂的。在一个相对较高的流量吞没邻近的泛滥平原时,主河道和泛滥平原之间的水流交换导致了旋转水流[2]。传统上,泛滥平原上植被的存在作为一个破坏水流能力的问题一直是河流工程师关注的焦点[3]。洪泛区植被的存在增加了复合河道流分析的复杂性,水流对植物施加的阻力也不容忽视。对河岸的观察表明,植物在洪泛平原边缘成排生长是一种常见的排列方式[4]。一系列海岸植物可用于海岸可持续发展,促进环境多样性或创造风景景观。哈勃[5]等。目前关于植被对水流结构影响的知识还很匮乏。为了同时实现防洪和环境保护的要求,需要更好地认识有植被的复合河道的水力流动。高动量的旋流将水流从主河道输送到河漫滩,导致主河道内的传输量减少,而在河漫滩附近的传输量增加。这种现象被称为运动学效应[6]。Dr的相对深度定义为洪泛区水流深度(Hfp)与主河道水深(Hmc)之比[7]。相对深度在0.1 ~ 0.3之间存在较强的交换[8]。在简单直道等复合通道中,旋转电流是由非各向同性微扰引起的,其性质受通道横向几何形状、形状比、相对深度和湍流值等多种因素的影响。Tominaga和Nezu[9]对矩形复合通道进行了实验,得出二次流的大小和位置高度依赖于通道的几何形状[10]。研究人员在主河道和漫滩的相对深度Dr = 0.5处发现了微弱的二次电流,并在主河道侧壁附近的水流自由面附近发现了旋转电流[11]。
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引用次数: 0
Elastic Critical Stress for Trapezoidal Sheeting with Flange and Web Stiffeners 带凸缘和腹板加强筋的梯形板的弹性临界应力
Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2020.09.555772
Torsten Höglund
      (11) 2 3 p p r 1 r 22 2 sa p 1 1 p 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 6 n b b s b s A EI b b s b D b α             = + − + −          ⋅ +
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent Systems for Detection and Control Damage on Buried Infrastructure due to Soil Subsidence 埋地基础设施沉降损伤的智能检测与控制系统
Pub Date : 2020-01-22 DOI: 10.19080/CERJ.2019.09.555771
S. García
Subsidence and its impact on infrastructure and urban systems is a serious problem for many of the most densely populated cities in the world and a huge challenge for those who develop safe, sustainable and resilient communities. In Mexico City, from the government’s call to generate solutions to this problem, a huge multidisciplinary project is being developed to attack the most pressing fronts: control of the effects, management of the pumping of the aquifers, simulation of catastrophic scenarios for the reintegration of the inhabitants in sites with better capacities to hold communities. This presentation summarizes the contributions about digital twins of the soil/rock masses (key properties and their evolution) and the controlling system to prevent and to repair leaks in pipeline networks. Evaluate these aspects permits study future pumping scenarios to assist in selecting an optimal rate of extraction that minimizes overall subsidence, meet the requirements of city development plan and be consistent with continued sustainable economic development. No doubt about the many other aspects that need to be analyzed but this first stage is crucial to start a reconfiguration of the city life, reconciled with nature, aware of the ravages of excessive and unbalanced consumption of the vital liquid.
下沉及其对基础设施和城市系统的影响对世界上许多人口最密集的城市来说是一个严重的问题,对那些发展安全、可持续和有弹性的社区的人来说是一个巨大的挑战。在墨西哥城,政府呼吁为这一问题制定解决方案,一个大型的多学科项目正在开发,以解决最紧迫的问题:控制影响,管理抽取含水层,模拟灾难情景,以便居民在更有能力容纳社区的地方重新融入社会。本报告总结了土/岩体数字孪生(关键属性及其演变)和控制系统在管网泄漏预防和修复中的贡献。通过对这些方面的评估,可以研究未来的抽水方案,以帮助选择最佳的抽水速度,从而最大限度地减少总体沉降,满足城市发展规划的要求,并与持续的可持续经济发展保持一致。毫无疑问,还有许多其他方面需要分析,但这第一个阶段对于开始重新配置城市生活至关重要,与自然和解,意识到过度和不平衡消耗重要液体的破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Lithostabilisation of Karal: Case of Maroua at the Far North Region of Cameroon Karal的岩石稳定:以喀麦隆远北地区的Maroua为例
Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555766
M. M.
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引用次数: 1
The Vicious Cycle of The Effects of School Building Construction Abandonment: Beneficiary’s Perspective 学校建筑工程弃建效应的恶性循环:受益者视角
Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555763
Isaac Sakyi Damoah
Purpose: Public sector school building construction plays an important role in national education. However, in developing countries, some of these projects are not completed but researchers have not paid attention to the vicious cycle effects on the beneficiaries of such projects. To this end, this study explores the effects of public sector school building abandonment by using Ghanaian Community Day Senior High School building as a case study.
目的:公办学校建设在国民教育中占有重要地位。然而,在发展中国家,有些项目虽然没有完成,但研究人员并没有注意到这些项目对受益者的恶性循环影响。为此,本研究以加纳社区日高中为个案,探讨公共部门校舍废弃的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research
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