Pub Date : 2019-02-07DOI: 10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555709
V. Tsai
Topographic structure lines, including ridge lines and valley lines, delineate the most prominent skeleton structures of the land forms. Extraction of topographic structure lines plays an important role in various fields where topographic features are used in spatial analysis such as hydrological applications, military applications, hazard prediction, hiking and mountain climbing, relief representation and delineation. Traditionally, these structure lines were manually interpreted from hardcopy topographic maps which indicate continuous topographic surface by contours. With the aid of digitizing devices, topographic features on the topographic maps were digitized and converted into a digital terrain model (DTM) that contains elevation information and some explicit coding of surface characteristics such as peaks, pits, break lines, boundaries, etc. Many forms of DTM have been used to describe the terrain surface digitally, including digital contour model (DCM) with form lines of equal elevation, digital elevation model (DEM) in a two-dimensional regular-spaced grid of sampled elevations, or triangulated irregular network (TIN) of irregularly distributed topographic features. Among them, DEMs in gridded matrix form can be easily acquired by different approaches and are ubiquitous in various applications, including gradient/slope/aspect analysis in geographical information systems (GIS), terrain synthesis, detection of drainage networks, extraction of skeleton lines or ridge and valley lines [1-9].
{"title":"Extraction of Topographic Structure Lines from Digital Elevation Model Data","authors":"V. Tsai","doi":"10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555709","url":null,"abstract":"Topographic structure lines, including ridge lines and valley lines, delineate the most prominent skeleton structures of the land forms. Extraction of topographic structure lines plays an important role in various fields where topographic features are used in spatial analysis such as hydrological applications, military applications, hazard prediction, hiking and mountain climbing, relief representation and delineation. Traditionally, these structure lines were manually interpreted from hardcopy topographic maps which indicate continuous topographic surface by contours. With the aid of digitizing devices, topographic features on the topographic maps were digitized and converted into a digital terrain model (DTM) that contains elevation information and some explicit coding of surface characteristics such as peaks, pits, break lines, boundaries, etc. Many forms of DTM have been used to describe the terrain surface digitally, including digital contour model (DCM) with form lines of equal elevation, digital elevation model (DEM) in a two-dimensional regular-spaced grid of sampled elevations, or triangulated irregular network (TIN) of irregularly distributed topographic features. Among them, DEMs in gridded matrix form can be easily acquired by different approaches and are ubiquitous in various applications, including gradient/slope/aspect analysis in geographical information systems (GIS), terrain synthesis, detection of drainage networks, extraction of skeleton lines or ridge and valley lines [1-9].","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83993369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-07DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555708
Jpbn Derks
Opinion This approximate calculation method is developed and designed for replacement of the arbitrary Non-Linear Push-Over (NLPO) method. The proposed rational methodology is an intermediate engineering approach between the Linear-Elastic Dynamic Modal Response Spectrum method and Non-Linear Dynamic Time Domain (History) method and comprises six steps, i.e. A. Step 1
{"title":"An engineering Approach for 3-D Numerical Earthquake Analysis","authors":"Jpbn Derks","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555708","url":null,"abstract":"Opinion This approximate calculation method is developed and designed for replacement of the arbitrary Non-Linear Push-Over (NLPO) method. The proposed rational methodology is an intermediate engineering approach between the Linear-Elastic Dynamic Modal Response Spectrum method and Non-Linear Dynamic Time Domain (History) method and comprises six steps, i.e. A. Step 1","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75224107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-04DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555707
A. Elshater
Expansive shale has been found extensively in all over the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Egypt as a country from north Africa has alot areas having expansive soil. Superficial clay soil with the potential to shrink or swell with different degree of expansion covers large areas of many cities in New Valley Government such as Garb El-Mawhoob area. These problems include cracking, break-up of pavements, heaving, and damaging building foundations. Different laboratory tests were carried out on this soil including, natural water content, grain size distribution, Aterberge limits, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential and swelling pressure. These tests were supported by mineralogical investigations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). These soils were evaluated based on physico-chemical and geotechnical measurements. Its swelling potentiality (free swelling, swelling percent and swelling pressure) has a direct relationship with clay fraction content, plasticity index (PI) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Furthermore, the clay fraction percent has a strong direct proportional relation to free swelling, plasticity index (PI) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Also, the results of these tests showed that the clay in this area has considerable quantities of smectite resulting in the expansive character of these soils
膨胀页岩在世界范围内被广泛发现，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。埃及作为一个来自北非的国家，有许多地区拥有广阔的土壤。在Garb El-Mawhoob地区等New Valley Government的许多城市中，有可能因不同程度的扩张而收缩或膨胀的浅层粘土覆盖了大片地区。这些问题包括路面开裂、破裂、隆起和破坏建筑基础。对该土进行了天然含水量、粒径分布、阿特贝格极限、无侧限抗压强度、膨胀势和膨胀压力等室内试验。这些测试得到了x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差热分析(DTA)等矿物学研究的支持。对这些土壤进行了物理化学和岩土工程测量。其溶胀势(自由溶胀率、溶胀率和溶胀压力)与粘土组分含量、塑性指数(PI)和阳离子交换容量(CEC)有直接关系。粘土掺量与自由溶胀、塑性指数(PI)和阳离子交换容量(CEC)呈正相关。此外，这些试验的结果表明，在这个地区的粘土有相当数量的蒙脱石导致这些土壤的膨胀特性
{"title":"Geological and Engineering Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Western Desert, Egypt","authors":"A. Elshater","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555707","url":null,"abstract":"Expansive shale has been found extensively in all over the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Egypt as a country from north Africa has alot areas having expansive soil. Superficial clay soil with the potential to shrink or swell with different degree of expansion covers large areas of many cities in New Valley Government such as Garb El-Mawhoob area. These problems include cracking, break-up of pavements, heaving, and damaging building foundations. Different laboratory tests were carried out on this soil including, natural water content, grain size distribution, Aterberge limits, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential and swelling pressure. These tests were supported by mineralogical investigations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). These soils were evaluated based on physico-chemical and geotechnical measurements. Its swelling potentiality (free swelling, swelling percent and swelling pressure) has a direct relationship with clay fraction content, plasticity index (PI) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Furthermore, the clay fraction percent has a strong direct proportional relation to free swelling, plasticity index (PI) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Also, the results of these tests showed that the clay in this area has considerable quantities of smectite resulting in the expansive character of these soils","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81483140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-29DOI: 10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555706
Teodor Dimitrievski
During the construction of small hydro power plant (SHPP) Nakra it was concluded that there is a need for developing of additional designs. The additional designs are related to the rehabilitation of landslide affecting the cut slopes near the future penstock and construction of waterproof barrier in front of the intake structure of the hydro power plant. This paper deals with some aspects related to the additional designs which are out of the original scope of the design works.
{"title":"Design on Rehabilitation of Landslide and Intake Waterproof Barrier of SHPP Nakra","authors":"Teodor Dimitrievski","doi":"10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555706","url":null,"abstract":"During the construction of small hydro power plant (SHPP) Nakra it was concluded that there is a need for developing of additional designs. The additional designs are related to the rehabilitation of landslide affecting the cut slopes near the future penstock and construction of waterproof barrier in front of the intake structure of the hydro power plant. This paper deals with some aspects related to the additional designs which are out of the original scope of the design works.","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80676175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555705
Bronne C. Dytoc
In developing an instructional model for the teaching and learning of structures in an undergraduate architecture program, the author proposes that collaboration, embodied action, and explicit practice of graphics skills may serve as strategies to achieve better motivation, engagement, and performance [1]. Certainly, the evident visual bias of architecture design students and particular constructivist aspects of the design studio serve as major influences in the design of the instructional model.
{"title":"A Pilot Study on Graphics-Based Learning Strategies in Architectural Structures","authors":"Bronne C. Dytoc","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.07.555705","url":null,"abstract":"In developing an instructional model for the teaching and learning of structures in an undergraduate architecture program, the author proposes that collaboration, embodied action, and explicit practice of graphics skills may serve as strategies to achieve better motivation, engagement, and performance [1]. Certainly, the evident visual bias of architecture design students and particular constructivist aspects of the design studio serve as major influences in the design of the instructional model.","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77644954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555756
M. Avanaki
The ever-growing construction sector is considered as one of the main propellers of economy, especially in developing countries. Tunnels are one of the vastly developed infrastructures in which public and private sectors build and invest for various purposes, e.g. transport, water supply, and so on. In this regard, approaches to increase feasibility and performance of tunnels are developed to meet specific requirements. Introduction and usage of fibrous materials to strengthen mortar matrix, i.e. primarily decrease crack development and propagation, dates back to centuries ago [1]. In modern construction practice, fibers of different materials (steel, carbon, glass, polypropylene, ...) are used to increase the post-crack tensile strength and flexural properties of the concrete mortar [1-3], known as Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). The design framework for fiber reinforced concrete structural elements are standardized and introduced in recent design codes and regulations [4-6].
{"title":"Fiber Reinforced Concrete Segmental Tunnels in Seismic Regions","authors":"M. Avanaki","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555756","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-growing construction sector is considered as one of the main propellers of economy, especially in developing countries. Tunnels are one of the vastly developed infrastructures in which public and private sectors build and invest for various purposes, e.g. transport, water supply, and so on. In this regard, approaches to increase feasibility and performance of tunnels are developed to meet specific requirements. Introduction and usage of fibrous materials to strengthen mortar matrix, i.e. primarily decrease crack development and propagation, dates back to centuries ago [1]. In modern construction practice, fibers of different materials (steel, carbon, glass, polypropylene, ...) are used to increase the post-crack tensile strength and flexural properties of the concrete mortar [1-3], known as Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). The design framework for fiber reinforced concrete structural elements are standardized and introduced in recent design codes and regulations [4-6].","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90616186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.08.555744
Bassam A. Tayeh
Post disaster housing reconstruction is taking a good place in the world’s interest due to the repeated natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and in other cases it is man-made causes, such as the conflicts, which increased the interest of having reconstruction after disasters. The Gaza Strip is one of those areas which had a man-made disaster. 3 conflicts in 10 years and the biggest one was on the third of July 2014, so the necessity of having a reconstruction appeared to be urgent. But Enshassi, et al. [1] said that financial issues are the first key to control the housing reconstruction process in the Gaza Strip. Anyway, the barriers of the post disaster reconstruction are everywhere, but the differences are in the type of challenges. Ismail, et al. [2] showed that community participation, assessment, funding and quality of work are the main challenges of the post disaster reconstruction in many countries around Indonesia. That’s why some development plans should be prepared for such disasters insect, some temporary construction should be done after catastrophes to help people to have some settlement [3]. The Gaza Strip is a crowded country full of buildings. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS, 2017) there were 403,259 housing units and 186,156 Building in the Gaza Strip. And according to General Directorate of Customs Security [4] many of housing reconstruction had been done during the last 5 years. About 800-1100 housing units should be prepared annually in the Gaza Strip to follow the previous situations before the conflict occurring, due to Ministry of Public Works and Housing MPWH [5]. The conflict’s results in 2014 were a catastrophe. Table 1 shows the volume of destruction in the Gaza Strip after the conflict [6]. The 100,000 people had become homeless.
{"title":"Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction after 2014 Gaza Strip’s Conflict: Influencing Factors","authors":"Bassam A. Tayeh","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.08.555744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.08.555744","url":null,"abstract":"Post disaster housing reconstruction is taking a good place in the world’s interest due to the repeated natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and in other cases it is man-made causes, such as the conflicts, which increased the interest of having reconstruction after disasters. The Gaza Strip is one of those areas which had a man-made disaster. 3 conflicts in 10 years and the biggest one was on the third of July 2014, so the necessity of having a reconstruction appeared to be urgent. But Enshassi, et al. [1] said that financial issues are the first key to control the housing reconstruction process in the Gaza Strip. Anyway, the barriers of the post disaster reconstruction are everywhere, but the differences are in the type of challenges. Ismail, et al. [2] showed that community participation, assessment, funding and quality of work are the main challenges of the post disaster reconstruction in many countries around Indonesia. That’s why some development plans should be prepared for such disasters insect, some temporary construction should be done after catastrophes to help people to have some settlement [3]. The Gaza Strip is a crowded country full of buildings. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS, 2017) there were 403,259 housing units and 186,156 Building in the Gaza Strip. And according to General Directorate of Customs Security [4] many of housing reconstruction had been done during the last 5 years. About 800-1100 housing units should be prepared annually in the Gaza Strip to follow the previous situations before the conflict occurring, due to Ministry of Public Works and Housing MPWH [5]. The conflict’s results in 2014 were a catastrophe. Table 1 shows the volume of destruction in the Gaza Strip after the conflict [6]. The 100,000 people had become homeless.","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74280674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555759
N. Vivekanandan
Hydraulic designs in river engineering are composed of two main aspects such as flood estimation and channel sizing which are essential for safe flood conveyance. Prediction of runoff water in an ungauged catchment area is vital for various practical applications such as design of drainage structure, flood defenses, flood protection works, inflow forecasting and for catchment management tasks (say water allocation) and climate impact analysis. Almost all hydrologic analyses require one or more time-scale parameters as input. Out of this, time of concentration (tc) is the most frequently utilized time parameter [1]. However, modelers are often confused by the number of estimation methods of tC and often select a method without evaluating and comparing its accuracy with other methods [1,2]. For instance, the design of urban storm water drainage systems using the rational method requires an estimate of tc for selecting the design rainfall intensity from the Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves [3]. A study on modifying available equations on estimation of tc to minimize their bias for any particular region of interest was attempted and the methods such as California, Kirpich, Arizona Department of Transport, NRCS were applied to 72 watersheds and sub-watersheds in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran [4] wherein ranking-based selection was adopted for the best performing method.
{"title":"Use of Catchment Physiographic Factors in Selection of Design Storm and its Effect on Floods Estimated for Ungauged Catchments","authors":"N. Vivekanandan","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2019.09.555759","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic designs in river engineering are composed of two main aspects such as flood estimation and channel sizing which are essential for safe flood conveyance. Prediction of runoff water in an ungauged catchment area is vital for various practical applications such as design of drainage structure, flood defenses, flood protection works, inflow forecasting and for catchment management tasks (say water allocation) and climate impact analysis. Almost all hydrologic analyses require one or more time-scale parameters as input. Out of this, time of concentration (tc) is the most frequently utilized time parameter [1]. However, modelers are often confused by the number of estimation methods of tC and often select a method without evaluating and comparing its accuracy with other methods [1,2]. For instance, the design of urban storm water drainage systems using the rational method requires an estimate of tc for selecting the design rainfall intensity from the Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves [3]. A study on modifying available equations on estimation of tc to minimize their bias for any particular region of interest was attempted and the methods such as California, Kirpich, Arizona Department of Transport, NRCS were applied to 72 watersheds and sub-watersheds in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran [4] wherein ranking-based selection was adopted for the best performing method.","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85018992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555702
L. Chi
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Electrode Distribution Effect on the Resistance Measurement of Cement Paste","authors":"L. Chi","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81770403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555701
Mahmoud Samir El-Kady
Soft clays are usually classified according to their undrained shear strength, Cu. Values of Cu less than 12.5kPa are associated with very soft clays, whereas, soft clays possess undrained shear strength ranging between 12.5kPa and 25kPa. In addition to the low shear strength of soft clays, they experience high compressibility upon loading. This is why soft clays are considered as problematic for foundation purposes. Also, Geo-foam is an industrial material, characterized by a very low unit weight (average of 20kg/m3) compared to that of the soil. Having a density ranging from 1.0% to 2.5% of that of soil EPS possesses a compressive strength ranging between 70kPa and 140kPa and an elastic modulus ranging between 5MPa and 12MPa, According to Horvath (1997). EPS Geo-foam blocks are used in a wide range of geotechnical applications as a light weight fill. So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the geotechnical properties of soft clay with Geo-foam beads and bypass cement dust. Also, investigate the possibility of preparing low strength excavatable fill mixtures. For studying the effect of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) / soft clay on fluid-state and hardened properties of new fill, experimental work was carried out on two groups of mixture (A&B). Different ratios of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) were added to the mixture to study its effect on flow consistency, dry unit weight, unconfined compressive strength, and shear strength. The results of test conducted on the materials illustrated that, cement bypass dust and excess foundry sand can be successfully used to procedure self-compaction, self-leveling excavatable flowable fill material. The unconfined compressive strength of the studied mixtures without Geo-foam ranged between 271.8kPa and 1405.14kPa at CBPD between 3.88% and 18.63%. The Cohesion values for group with Geo-foam with ranged between 50kPa and 20kPa at Geo-foam between 0.32% and 1.35%. The friction angle of group with Geo-foam with ranged between 10 and 22kPa at CBPD between 0.32% and 1.35%.
{"title":"Soft Clay Treatment Using Geo-Foam Beads and Bypass Cement Dust","authors":"Mahmoud Samir El-Kady","doi":"10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/cerj.2018.07.555701","url":null,"abstract":"Soft clays are usually classified according to their undrained shear strength, Cu. Values of Cu less than 12.5kPa are associated with very soft clays, whereas, soft clays possess undrained shear strength ranging between 12.5kPa and 25kPa. In addition to the low shear strength of soft clays, they experience high compressibility upon loading. This is why soft clays are considered as problematic for foundation purposes. Also, Geo-foam is an industrial material, characterized by a very low unit weight (average of 20kg/m3) compared to that of the soil. Having a density ranging from 1.0% to 2.5% of that of soil EPS possesses a compressive strength ranging between 70kPa and 140kPa and an elastic modulus ranging between 5MPa and 12MPa, According to Horvath (1997). EPS Geo-foam blocks are used in a wide range of geotechnical applications as a light weight fill. So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the geotechnical properties of soft clay with Geo-foam beads and bypass cement dust. Also, investigate the possibility of preparing low strength excavatable fill mixtures. For studying the effect of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) / soft clay on fluid-state and hardened properties of new fill, experimental work was carried out on two groups of mixture (A&B). Different ratios of (Geo-foam beads + CBPD) were added to the mixture to study its effect on flow consistency, dry unit weight, unconfined compressive strength, and shear strength. The results of test conducted on the materials illustrated that, cement bypass dust and excess foundry sand can be successfully used to procedure self-compaction, self-leveling excavatable flowable fill material. The unconfined compressive strength of the studied mixtures without Geo-foam ranged between 271.8kPa and 1405.14kPa at CBPD between 3.88% and 18.63%. The Cohesion values for group with Geo-foam with ranged between 50kPa and 20kPa at Geo-foam between 0.32% and 1.35%. The friction angle of group with Geo-foam with ranged between 10 and 22kPa at CBPD between 0.32% and 1.35%.","PeriodicalId":30320,"journal":{"name":"Constructii Journal of Civil Engineering Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86725545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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