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Mapping evapotranspiration coefficients in the Paris metropolitan area 绘制巴黎大都市区的蒸散系数
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.26.1.366
M. Nistor
Global changes involves adaptation and updated knowledge about the systems affected by these changes. Due to innovation and population growth also, the land cover pattern is exposed to modify its components, both natural and artificial, with implication for the several fields of Earth Sciences. Here, we present the spatial distribution of the land cover evapotranspiration coefficients (K clc ) in one of the most dynamic and important territory from Europe, in Paris metropolitan area. Specified crop coefficients were analysed for different crops and vegetative areas, but also the evapotranspiration coefficients related to the urban areas, bare soils and rocks, open water and rivers were presented in the present paper. The investigation has included the review and the adapted analysis of the land cover coefficients taken from the specific literature. Using the ArcGIS environment, the spatial distribution of the land cover coefficients related to four seasons (initial season, mid-season, end-season, and cold season) was carried out. The main results indicate maximum values up to 1.6 of the K clc in the mid-season, for the areas occupied by the broad-leaved forest. In the same season, the K clc high values of 1.35 and 1.5 spread in the areas covered by complex cultivation patterns, non-irrigated arable land, respective by mixed forest. The initial season presents values of K clc that range from 0.1 to 1.3, while in the end season the land cover coefficients range from 0.2 to 1.5. The cold season indicates the lower values in major part of the Paris metropolitan area with few locations, in the South and East sides of the study area, where the coefficient reaches value 1. This work highlights the variation of the crop coefficients, but also of different land cover types in the metropolitan area of Paris with implications for agriculture management, hydrogeologists, and climatologists. Further investigations will include evapotranspiration calculations and climate effects assessment on the water resources in this area
全球变化涉及适应和关于受这些变化影响的系统的最新知识。由于创新和人口增长,土地覆盖格局暴露于改变其组成部分,包括自然和人为的,这对地球科学的几个领域都有影响。本文以巴黎大都市区为研究对象,研究了欧洲最具活力和重要的土地覆盖蒸散系数的空间分布。本文分析了不同作物和植被区域的特定作物系数,并给出了与城市地区、裸露土壤和岩石、开阔水域和河流相关的蒸散系数。调查包括对具体文献中的土地覆盖系数进行审查和适应性分析。利用ArcGIS环境,进行了四季(初季、季中、季末和冷季)土地覆被系数的空间分布。主要结果表明,阔叶林占地的季中K - clc最大值为1.6;同一季节,kclc高值1.35和1.5分布在复杂耕作模式、非灌溉耕地和混交林覆盖的地区。初季地表覆盖系数在0.1 ~ 1.3之间,末季地表覆盖系数在0.2 ~ 1.5之间。在寒冷季节,巴黎大都市区大部分地区较低,地点较少,在研究区域的南侧和东侧,系数达到1。这项工作强调了作物系数的变化,以及巴黎大都市区不同土地覆盖类型的变化,这对农业管理、水文地质学家和气候学家具有重要意义。进一步的调查将包括蒸散发计算和气候对该地区水资源的影响评估
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引用次数: 8
Adjustment of the river channel due to block ramps introduction: Porębianka mountain creek, Polish Carpathians 河道调整因拦阻坡道介绍:Porębianka山溪、波兰喀尔巴阡
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.344
K. Plesiński, A. Radecki-Pawlik
The paper includes a description of 25-five interlocked boulder block ramps with increased roughness located on Porebianka creek and presents an analysis how those low head hydraulic structures fit to a natural river system: riffle-pool. These block ramps with increased roughness structures might be called "close to the nature", and in hydraulics engineering they are replacing traditional drop hydraulic structures. One of the main advantages of block ramps is that they are supposed to be placed in a natural sequence distances which follows pools and riffles pattern along a river, also block ramps allows free movement of fish upstream and downstream without necessity of fish pass construction
本文描述了位于Porebianka溪上25- 5个互锁的粗糙度增加的巨石块坡道,并分析了这些低水头水力结构如何适应天然河流系统:小水塘。这些增加了粗糙度结构的块状坡道可以称为“接近自然”,在水力学工程中它们正在取代传统的落差式水工结构。块坡道的一个主要优点是,它们应该被放置在一个自然序列的距离,遵循池塘和河流的河流模式,而且块坡道允许鱼类上下游自由移动,而不需要鱼通道的建设
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引用次数: 0
Remotely Sensing the Ancient Interactions between Humans and the Environment during the Roman Period at Porolissum 波罗利萨姆罗马时期人类与环境互动的遥感研究
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.349
A. Roman
This paper summarizes results from a landscape archaeology research project that explores the ways in which ancient Romans from the territory of Dacia Porolissensis (Romania) used and modified the environment around them. Based on LiDAR-derived data (Light Detection and Ranging) for accurate archaeological, geomorphological and vegetation feature detection, the most probable effects of past human land-use on the present landscape values are assessed. Knowledge of human disturbance periods, land-use history and their corresponding legacies is vital for evaluating habitat resilience and predicting future ecosystem services (Glenn et al. 1999; Foster 2003; Ritter 2011).
本文总结了一项景观考古研究项目的成果,该项目探索了罗马尼亚达契亚波罗利森西斯(Dacia Porolissensis)地区的古罗马人利用和改造周围环境的方式。基于精确的考古、地貌和植被特征检测的激光雷达数据(光探测和测距),评估了过去人类土地利用对当前景观价值的最可能影响。了解人类干扰期、土地利用历史及其相应的遗产对于评估生境恢复力和预测未来生态系统服务至关重要(Glenn et al. 1999;培养2003;里特2011年)。
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引用次数: 0
Landscape transformations and archaeological settlements in the Upper Danube Delta during Early to Middle Holocene: a palaeoecological insight 全新世早期至中期多瑙河三角洲上游的景观转变与考古聚落:古生态学视角
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.295
L. Carozza
The recents discovery of Chalcolithic sites in the upper Danube Delta at Taraschina – Mila 23 and Dâmbul localities (Romania) attest that this area was inhabited at least 6500 years ago. Here we propose a multidisciplinary approach to highlight the relationship between human activities and palaeogeographic transformations of the Danube Delta and its connexion with North Black Sea during Early to Middle Holocene
最近在多瑙河三角洲上游Taraschina - Mila 23和d mbul地区(罗马尼亚)发现的铜石器时代遗址证明,该地区至少在6500年前就有人居住。在此,我们提出了一种多学科的方法来强调人类活动与多瑙河三角洲的古地理变化及其与北黑海在全新世早期至中期的联系
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引用次数: 1
Palaeoecological assessment of prehistoric and historic human impact in the high elevation areas of the Northern Carpathians, Romania 罗马尼亚北喀尔巴阡山脉高海拔地区史前和历史人类影响的古生态评估
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.302
G. Florescu
This paper presents a high resolution, multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstruction (pollen, dung fungal spores, micro and macro-charcoal, mineral magnetic properties and geochemistry) in three sedimentary sequences located at different elevations across the Northern Carpathians (Romania) over the Late Holocene (i.e. the last 4000 years). We aim to: i) determine what aspects of prehistoric and historic human activity (e.g. burning, clearing, grazing) have shaped the landscapes of today, and ii) use this information to facilitate their environmental management and conservation strategies to maintain the ecological and economic sustainability of extant habitats in the currently changing environment
本文对位于北喀尔巴阡山脉(罗马尼亚)不同海拔的三个沉积层序进行了晚全新世(即近4000年)的高分辨率、多指标的古环境重建(花粉、粪便真菌孢子、微观和宏观木炭、矿物磁性和地球化学)。我们的目标是:i)确定史前和历史人类活动的哪些方面(例如燃烧,清理,放牧)塑造了今天的景观,ii)利用这些信息促进环境管理和保护策略,以在当前不断变化的环境中保持现有栖息地的生态和经济可持续性
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引用次数: 0
What can long-term data contribute to the “Land-sharing versus Land Sparing” debate? 长期数据对“土地共享与土地节约”的争论有什么帮助?
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.307
L. Gillson
Global environmental challenges can only be addressed by multifaceted approaches that integrate biodiversity conservation with sustainability targets. While only 12% of the land surface is in protected areas, 40% is used for food production; the latter areas are therefore critical in managing environmental change in the Anthropocene
应对全球环境挑战只能采取多方面的方法,将生物多样性保护与可持续性目标结合起来。虽然只有12%的陆地表面是保护区,但40%用于粮食生产;因此,后一个领域对于管理人类世的环境变化至关重要
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引用次数: 0
Spatial and temporal relevance of some bioclimatic indexes for the study of the bioclimate of Moldova (west of the Prut river) 摩尔多瓦(普鲁特河以西)生物气候若干指标的时空相关性研究
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.26.1.365
D. Mihăilă, Petruț-Ionel Bistricean, Liliana Gina Lazurcă
This study originated in the necessity to identify usable bioclimatic indexes with good results in the overall bioclimatic characterization of Moldova west of the Prut River (hereinafter Moldova). For reasons related to the extent of the text, we have analyzed only a part of the bioclimatic indexes known in the literature (TEE - Equivalent Effective Temperature, THI - Thermo-hygrometric index, DI THOM - Thom Discomfort Index, RSI - Relative Strain Index, HI - Heat index, HUMIDEX - HUMIDEX index, SSI - Summer SIMMER Index, ISE - Summer SCHARLAU Index, ISH - Winter SCHARLAU index and Pr - Wind-chill Index). Considering the large number of indexes (which vary in their structure and limitations of use) and a representative number of stations (14 stations), we have based our analytical approach on a standard time interval equal to one month. We have thus acquired a temporal resolution that enables us to identify the representativeness or non-representativeness of these indexes for Moldova and also their relevance / usefulness in depicting distinctive or detailed features of the Moldova bioclimate
本研究源于确定可用的生物气候指标的必要性,这些指标在Prut河以西的摩尔多瓦(以下简称摩尔多瓦)的整体生物气候特征中具有良好的效果。由于与文本范围有关的原因,我们只分析了文献中已知的部分生物气候指数(TEE -等效有效温度,THI -热湿指数,DI THOM - THOM不适指数,RSI -相对应变指数,HI - Heat指数,HUMIDEX - HUMIDEX指数,SSI -夏季SIMMER指数,ISE -夏季SCHARLAU指数,ISH -冬季SCHARLAU指数和Pr -风寒指数)。考虑到大量的指标(其结构和使用限制各不相同)和具有代表性的站点数量(14个站点),我们的分析方法基于等于一个月的标准时间间隔。因此,我们获得了一个时间分辨率,使我们能够确定这些指数对摩尔多瓦的代表性或非代表性,以及它们在描绘摩尔多瓦生物气候的独特或详细特征方面的相关性/有用性
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引用次数: 1
Using high resolution LIDAR DEM to reconstruct historical network of lakes and wetlands in the Northern part of the Moldavian Plateau, NE Romania 利用高分辨率LIDAR DEM重建罗马尼亚东北部摩尔达维亚高原北部湖泊和湿地的历史网络
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.336
M. Mărgărint, Mihai Niculiță
A particular environmental feature of the northern part of Moldavian Plateau (NE Romania) is the large number of anthropic lakes along river courses. Even more, due to climatic, hydrological, hydrogeological and geomorphological settings and human activities (dominated by an extensive agriculture) this characteristic was mentioned and mapped in writen records and cartographic representations in many historical stages of the humanization of this region.  The need for watter supply have forced the inhabitants to build dams of various sizes along the entire river network. Over the time, many dams were abandoned, while others have been relocated with a impresive dynamic at historical time scale
摩尔多瓦高原北部(罗马尼亚东北部)的一个特殊环境特征是沿河道有大量的人为湖泊。更重要的是,由于气候、水文、水文地质和地貌环境以及人类活动(以广泛的农业为主),这一特征在该地区人性化的许多历史阶段都被提到并绘制在书面记录和地图上。对供水的需求迫使居民沿着整个河网建造大小不一的水坝。随着时间的推移,许多水坝被废弃,而其他水坝则以令人印象深刻的动态在历史时间尺度上重新安置
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引用次数: 3
Analyzing the differences between permanent forests and post-agricultural forests in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland 波兰Bieszczady山区永久森林与农业后森林的差异分析
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.26.1.369
G. Tanase
The study aimed to show if the permanent forests are different from the forests that growed on former agricultural land in the Bieszczady Mountains, southeastern Poland. It is important to investigate how different tree species react in former agriculture land and which are more adaptable to the given environmental conditions, in order to choose the most appropriate tree species and to develop strategies for optimal restoration of forest ecosystems. The results show differences in forest structure and parameters between the two categories. The post-agricultural forest had a much wide variety of tree species and a higher Shannon-Weaver diversity index value (3.06 vs. 2.53). The density of live stems were insignificant higher in the post-agricultural forest, but the total live volume per hectare was higher in the permanent forest, with a difference between hardwood species, which had higher values in the post-agricultural forest, and softwood species which had a higher live volume in the permanent forest. However, the density and volume of snags were found to be much higher in the post-agricultural forest
这项研究的目的是表明,永久森林是否与波兰东南部比什恰迪山脉(Bieszczady Mountains)前农业用地上生长的森林不同。为了选择最合适的树种,制定最佳的森林生态系统恢复策略,研究不同树种在原农业用地上的反应和对环境条件的适应能力具有重要意义。结果表明,两类森林在结构和参数上存在差异。农业后森林树种种类丰富,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数较高(3.06比2.53)。后农业林的活茎密度不显著高于后农业林,但常年林的总活枝体积高于后农业林,且常年林中阔叶林的活枝密度高于常年林中针叶林的活枝体积。然而,在后农业森林中,发现障碍的密度和体积要高得多
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引用次数: 0
New Middle Pleistocene records from the North-East foothills of Carpathian Mountains 喀尔巴阡山脉东北山麓的新中更新世记录
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4316/GEOREVIEW.2016.0.0.347
B. Ridush
Two kinds of paleogeographic records from the Middle Pleistocene were recently first discovered in the Bukovinian foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, not far downstream from the confluence of the Prut and Cheremosh Rivers. The area of investigation is associated with the lower Brusnytsia River, the right tributary of the Prut River (fig. 1). Due to the active tectonic uplift, wide spread of dispersal Neogenic and Quaternary sediments, and comparatively wet climate, the whole area of the Prut and Siret rivers’ interfluve is strongly damaged by landslides. Therefore it is quit problematic to find undisturbed Quaternary river terrace sequences in the area. Generally, the territory is characterized by the lack of Quaternary records at all. Only few Late Paleolithic sites without geological sequence were known few kilometers downstream the Prut R. Moreover it was important to look for the evidence of the Middle Pleistocene there
两种中更新世的古地理记录最近首次在喀尔巴阡山脉的布科维尼亚山麓发现,那里距离普鲁特河和切列莫什河汇合处下游不远。调查区域与普鲁特河右支流Brusnytsia河下游有关(图1)。由于活跃的构造隆起、广泛的新第三纪和第四纪弥散沉积物,以及相对潮湿的气候,整个普鲁特河和锡雷特河的交汇处受到强烈的滑坡破坏。因此,在该地区寻找未受干扰的第四纪河流阶地序列是很困难的。总体而言,该地区的特点是根本没有第四纪记录。在Prut r河下游几公里处,只有少数几个没有地质序列的晚旧石器时代遗址,而且在那里寻找中更新世的证据很重要
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引用次数: 0
期刊
GEOREVIEW Scientific Annals of Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Geography Series
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