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Applicability of microcapillary electrochemical droplet cell for monitoring microbiologically induced corrosion 微毛细管电化学液滴池在监测微生物引起的腐蚀方面的适用性
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107822
Reece Goldsberry , Ulises Martin , Brooke Bond , Evelyn Callaway , Homero Castaneda , Arul Jayaraman
Formed biofilms can induce corrosion of metallic substrates through the secretion of corrosive chemical species, changes in local acidity, and the creation of galvanic oxygen concentration cells. Electrochemical testing is useful to study and monitor the growth of biofilms on metallic substrates. Macroelectrochemical testing gives an average measurement of all the chemical interactions and processes in the sampled area which is typically on the mm2 to cm2 scale. Microcapillary electrochemical droplet cell testing can perform AC and DC electrochemical measurements on the µm2 scale, allowing measurements of local electrochemical processes in the picoampere range. Adapting this technique for use in studying microbiologically induced corrosion could provide high-resolution in-situ characterization of biofilm growth. Low alloy steel coupons were subjected to macro- and microelectrochemical techniques to characterize the influence of microbiological entities on the corrosion process.
形成的生物膜可通过分泌腐蚀性化学物质、改变局部酸度和建立电氧浓缩池等方式诱发金属基底的腐蚀。电化学测试有助于研究和监测金属基底上生物膜的生长情况。宏观电化学测试可对取样区域(通常为平方毫米至平方厘米)内的所有化学作用和过程进行平均测量。微毛细管电化学液滴池测试可在微平方米范围内进行交流和直流电化学测量,从而可以测量皮安培范围内的局部电化学过程。将这一技术用于研究微生物诱导的腐蚀可提供生物膜生长的高分辨率原位表征。对低合金钢试样进行了宏观和微观电化学技术研究,以确定微生物实体对腐蚀过程的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Halide adsorption influences snapback distance in Scanning Tunnelling Microscope break junctions 卤化物吸附影响扫描隧穿显微镜断点的回弹距离
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107821
Chanyuan Huo , Andrea Vezzoli , Natasa Vasiljevic , Walther Schwarzacher
‘Snapback distance’ refers to the rapid increase in the size of the gap formed immediately after breaking an atomic-scale metallic contact. It is a commonly observed phenomenon in Scanning Tunnelling Microscope break junction (STM-BJ) and mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) experiments. Here, we show that the snapback distance measured for a gold break junction in pure water was significantly reduced in an electrolyte containing halide anions. In the case of Br, experiments under electrochemical control provided clear evidence that this reduction was caused by halide adsorption on the surface of the gold.
回跳距离 "是指原子尺度金属触点断裂后立即形成的间隙迅速增大。这是扫描隧道显微镜断裂结(STM-BJ)和机械控制断裂结(MCBJ)实验中经常观察到的现象。在此,我们展示了在含有卤化物阴离子的电解液中,纯水中的金断口测量到的回扣距离显著减小。就 Br- 而言,电化学控制下的实验提供了明确的证据,证明这一缩短是由金表面的卤化物吸附造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Application of SECM to detect a local electrolyte acidification due to the hydrogen flux desorption from a cathodic charged stainless steel 应用 SECM 检测阴极带电不锈钢的氢通量解吸导致的局部电解质酸化
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107812
Malo Duportal, Dao Trinh, Catherine Savall, Xavier Feaugas, Abdelali Oudriss
This work aims to estimate local pH variations of a hydrogen charged sample using Scanning ElectroChemical Microscopy (SECM). For that purpose, the microelectrode is polarized in the cathodic domain, where the proton reduction takes place. An initial calibration suggests that cathodic current of the platinum tip is sensitive to pH variations. Then, this system was applied near the surface of stainless steel previously charged with hydrogen. Coupling this result with the analysis of the uncharged samples at two different pH, it appears that hydrogen desorption induces a local acidification which could explain the increase in dissolution kinetics after hydrogen absorption, which has been reported in many studies.
这项研究旨在利用扫描电化学显微镜 (SECM) 估算带氢样品的局部 pH 值变化。为此,微电极在质子还原的阴极区域极化。初步校准表明,铂尖的阴极电流对 pH 值变化很敏感。然后,将该系统应用于先前充有氢气的不锈钢表面附近。将这一结果与未带电样品在两种不同 pH 值下的分析结果相结合,发现氢气解吸会引起局部酸化,这可以解释许多研究报告中提到的吸氢后溶解动力学增加的现象。
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引用次数: 0
Response characteristics of platinum coated titanium bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis under fluctuating conditions 质子交换膜电解水用铂涂层钛双极板在波动条件下的响应特性
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107819
Yingyu Ding, Xiejing Luo, Luqi Chang, Chaofang Dong
Voltage fluctuations in energy input not only impact the overall hydrogen production efficiency and stability of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) systems but also pose significant challenges to the long-term service life of individual components. This study focuses on the key component − bipolar plates and investigates the response behavior of platinum-coated titanium bipolar plates under simulated fluctuating voltage conditions. By integrating surface phase analysis and electrochemical testing results, this research elucidates the response characteristics of the bipolar plates to different voltage waveforms and frequencies. And the findings hold substantial significance for the upstream energy control in hydrogen production through water electrolysis.
能量输入的电压波动不仅会影响质子交换膜水电解 (PEMWE) 系统的整体制氢效率和稳定性,还会对单个组件的长期使用寿命构成重大挑战。本研究以关键部件--双极板为重点,研究了铂涂层钛双极板在模拟波动电压条件下的响应行为。通过整合表面相分析和电化学测试结果,本研究阐明了双极板对不同电压波形和频率的响应特性。研究结果对电解水制氢过程中的上游能量控制具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Molten Salt Assisted Assembly (MASA) of novel mesoporous Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors 熔盐辅助组装 (MASA) 新型介孔 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 用于高性能不对称超级电容器
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107811
Mert Umut Özkaynak , Yurdanur Türker , Koray Bahadır Dönmez , Selin Dağlar , Zehra Çobandede , Merve Metin Çelenk , Nilgün Karatepe , F. Seniha Güner , Ömer Dag
Mesoporous transition metal oxides (TMO) are immensely investigated as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The molten salt assisted self-assembly (MASA) process enables a facile route for the synthesis of the mesoporous TMO. In this study, mesoporous nickel manganese cobaltite (Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4) is synthesized for the first time using a MASA process and is evaluated as a novel electrode-active material for asymmetric supercapacitors. The objective of this work is to quantitatively measure the performance improvement in the Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 electrode based on its composition and reveal the improvement mechanism through electrochemical methods. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 and MnCo2O4 prepared by MASA is also investigated, in order to understand the synergistic effect of Ni and Mn elements in the same cobaltite structure. In line with the data obtained from half cells, a full asymmetric cell is prepared by assembling the appropriate amount of Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 and activated carbon through the charge balance theory. The test results show that the specific capacitance CA (Cs) values are 2.62F/cm2 (92.1F/g) for mesoporous NiCo2O4, 0.26F/cm2 (9.8F/g) for mesoporous MnCo2O4, and 9.53F/cm2 (338.5F/g) for mesoporous Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 under the test conditions of 5 mA/cm2. The asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 and activated carbon demonstrates a superior energy density of 79.52 Wh/kg at 1 mA/cm2. The findings of the study highlight the importance of substituting the electrode with Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 to enhance the CA (Cs) by achieving proper surface properties and electrochemical activity.
介孔过渡金属氧化物(TMO)作为超级电容器的电极材料受到了广泛的研究。熔盐辅助自组装(MASA)工艺是合成介孔过渡金属氧化物的便捷途径。本研究首次采用 MASA 工艺合成了介孔镍锰钴酸盐(Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4),并将其作为一种新型电活性材料用于不对称超级电容器的评估。这项工作的目的是根据 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 电极的组成定量测量其性能改善情况,并通过电化学方法揭示其改善机理。同时还研究了用 MASA 制备的 NiCo2O4 和 MnCo2O4 的电化学性能,以了解镍和锰元素在同一钴酸盐结构中的协同效应。根据半电池获得的数据,通过电荷平衡理论,将适量的 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 和活性炭组装在一起,制备了全非对称电池。测试结果表明,在 5 mA/cm2 的测试条件下,介孔 NiCo2O4 的比电容 CA (Cs) 值为 2.62F/cm2(92.1F/g),介孔 MnCo2O4 的比电容 CA (Cs) 值为 0.26F/cm2(9.8F/g),介孔 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 的比电容 CA (Cs) 值为 9.53F/cm2(338.5F/g)。用 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 和活性炭组装的不对称超级电容器在 1 mA/cm2 的条件下显示出 79.52 Wh/kg 的超高能量密度。研究结果突出了用 Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 替代电极,通过获得适当的表面特性和电化学活性来增强 CA (Cs) 的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
3D Co-doped carbon nanosheets as high-performance electrodes for Li-S batteries 作为高性能锂-S 电池电极的三维掺杂碳纳米片
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107810
Tao Chen , Man Li , Joonho Bae
3D petal-shaped Cobalt-doped carbon nanosheets (PCoCNS) were synthesized as excellent sulfur hosts for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Co doping enhanced the affinity of the carbon surface for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), inhibiting the shuttle effect. The electrocatalytic effect of the PCoCNS electrode exhibited enhanced polysulfide conversion kinetics, thereby promoting Li2S formation. Owing to the above advantages, the PCoCNS cathode exhibited satisfactory reversibility of 841 mAh/g with a high capacity retention of 91 %. Additionally, it displayed high coulombic efficiency (CE) values exceeding 97 % over 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.5C. Furthermore, the electrode demonstrated low polarization and exhibited an excellent rate performance, delivering a capacity of 575 mAh/g at the high rate of 3C. This study synthesized a promising sulfur cathode for enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.
合成的三维花瓣形掺钴碳纳米片(PCoCNS)是锂硫(Li-S)电池的优良硫宿主。钴掺杂增强了碳表面对多硫化锂(LiPSs)的亲和力,抑制了穿梭效应。PCoCNS 电极的电催化效应表现出更强的多硫化物转化动力学,从而促进了 Li2S 的形成。由于上述优点,PCoCNS 阴极的可逆性达到了令人满意的 841 mAh/g,容量保持率高达 91%。此外,在 0.5C 电流速率下循环 100 次,其库仑效率 (CE) 值超过 97%。此外,该电极极化率低,速率性能优异,在 3C 的高速率下可提供 575 mAh/g 的容量。这项研究为提高锂-S 电池的电化学性能合成了一种前景广阔的硫阴极。
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引用次数: 0
Facile and innovation synthesis of Zn-Mn-Co-LDH/polypyrrole and its application in investigating ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium Zn-Mn-Co-LDH/polypyrrole 的简便创新合成及其在研究碱性介质中乙醇氧化过程中的应用
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107809
Elhameh Saeb , Karim Asadpour-Zeynali , Hossein Dastangoo

Overvoltage and low current are observed for ethanol electrooxidation on the surface of many unmodified electrodes. Therefore, it is desirable to use a suitable catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation to increase the current. This research introduces a new sensor to catalyze ethanol oxidation in an alkaline environment. This new Zn-Mn-Co LDH/PolyPyrrole/GCE nanocomposite sensor exhibits high catalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation. It changes the oxidation potential of ethanol to a less positive potential. To identify this proposed sensor, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brauner Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermal analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used. Ethanol electrooxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The effects of scan rate and ethanol concentration on the ethanol oxidation peak have been investigated. The proposed sensor showed long-term stability. This prepared nanocomposite can be used as an anode catalyst for ethanol fuel cells.

在许多未经改性的电极表面上,乙醇电氧化会出现电压过高和电流过低的现象。因此,最好使用合适的乙醇电氧化催化剂来增加电流。本研究介绍了一种在碱性环境中催化乙醇氧化的新型传感器。这种新型 Zn-Mn-Co LDH/PolyPyrrole/GCE 纳米复合传感器具有很高的乙醇电氧化催化活性。它能将乙醇的氧化电位变为较低的正电位。为了鉴定这种拟议的传感器,使用了 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、布劳纳-艾美特-泰勒 (BET)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、热分析 (TGA)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HR-TEM) 和循环伏安技术。乙醇电氧化采用循环伏安技术进行研究。研究了扫描速率和乙醇浓度对乙醇氧化峰的影响。所提出的传感器具有长期稳定性。所制备的纳米复合材料可用作乙醇燃料电池的阳极催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the natural convection effects at ultra-low redox concentration solutions: The influence of viscosity and diameter of wire electrode 重新审视超低氧化还原浓度溶液的自然对流效应:粘度和线电极直径的影响
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107808
Zichen Zhang , Jianbang Ge , Biwu Cai , Yang Gao , Zhihao Cheng , Shun Cao , Shuqiang Jiao

Natural convection could arise even at ultra-low redox concentration solutions (1–10 mM). Models such as convection–diffusion layer model and spontaneous convection model have been established to describe this phenomenon. However, the driving forces as well as the parameters that influence this natural convection effects are still not clear. Herein we investigated the effects of viscosity on natural convection by introducing sodium alginate (SA), which enhanced viscosity without changing the diffusion coefficient of the redox couple. Resultantly, it allowed us to obtain the relationship between microscopic flow of solutions and the thickness of natural convection layer. Moreover, wire electrodes with various diameters were also tested to reveal the natural convection effects on mass transfer. An empirical equation was established to describing the influences of solution viscosity and diameter of wire electrode on the thickness of natural convection layer in ultra-low redox concentration solutions.

即使在超低氧化还原浓度溶液(1-10 毫摩尔)中也会产生自然对流。目前已经建立了对流-扩散层模型和自发对流模型来描述这种现象。然而,影响这种自然对流效应的驱动力和参数仍不清楚。在此,我们通过引入海藻酸钠(SA)研究了粘度对自然对流的影响,海藻酸钠在不改变氧化还原偶的扩散系数的情况下增强了粘度。结果,我们获得了溶液的微观流动与自然对流层厚度之间的关系。此外,我们还测试了不同直径的金属丝电极,以揭示自然对流对传质的影响。建立了一个经验方程来描述溶液粘度和金属丝电极直径对超低氧化还原浓度溶液中自然对流层厚度的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction at non-metalated and pyrolysis free hypercrosslinked polymers 非金属化和无热解超交联聚合物的电催化氧还原作用
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107800
Shumaila Razzaque, Alla Dyachenko, Aimen Waqar, Katarzyna Dusilo, Marcin Opallo

Oxygen reduction is one of the core steps of non-emissive zero carbon energy conversion. Therefore, enhancement of its sluggish kinetics is extremely important. Very recently researchers focused on oxygen electrocatalysis at porous polymers. Here we applied the non-metalated and pyrolysis free hypercrosslinked polymers with high specific surface area and abundant active sites. Electrode modified with the copolymer prepared from the twisted triphenylbenzene and N containing triphenyl amine exhibits electrocatalytic ORR in alkaline medium. Tafel slope value (0.067 V dec−1) indicates the efficient electrocatalytic activity and fast reaction kinetics. The lack of H2O2 product detected by scanning electrochemical microscopy suggests 4-electron path. The electrocatalytic activity of electrodes modified with hypercrosslinked polymers prepared from single monomers is also seen.

氧还原是非辐射零碳能源转换的核心步骤之一。因此,提高其缓慢的动力学极为重要。最近,研究人员重点研究了多孔聚合物的氧电催化。在这里,我们应用了具有高比表面积和丰富活性位点的无金属化、无热解的超交联聚合物。在碱性介质中,使用由扭曲的三苯基苯和含 N 的三苯基胺制备的共聚物修饰的电极表现出电催化 ORR。塔菲尔斜率值(0.067 V dec-1)表明电极具有高效的电催化活性和快速的反应动力学。扫描电化学显微镜检测不到 H2O2 产物,这表明存在 4 电子路径。用单一单体制备的超交联聚合物修饰的电极也具有电催化活性。
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引用次数: 0
A spray coated high performing metal-free onion-like carbon supercapacitor for sustainable energy storage 用于可持续储能的喷涂型高性能无金属洋葱状碳超级电容器
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2024.107798
T. Neff , A. Krueger

Supercapacitors will play a crucial role in the future energy landscape due to their high power density and extended cycle stability. However, energy density tends to be relatively low, partly because of conventional heavy current collectors, also posing sustainability issues. It is crucial to integrate lightweight, flexible current collectors and environmentally friendly active materials while maintaining the performance of the supercapacitor. Here we report on a metal-free supercapacitor using a carbon paper current collector and onion like carbon (OLC). The electrodes were fabricated through a scalable and flexible spray-coating process using onion-like carbon ink. Higher capacitances were observed for the paper-based electrode (24.1 F/g, 34.9 mF/cm2) compared to 22.5 F/g (31.5 mF/cm2) for aluminium collectors at scanrates of 2.5 mV/s over a voltage window of 2.5 V. At elevated scanrates of 100 mV/s–5 V/s, the actual operating window of a supercapacitor, the paper-based electrode offers a significantly enhanced performance. Stability tests demonstrated a capacitive retention of 98 % for both electrodes after 10,000 cycles. The utilization of onion-like carbon as the active material and a paper-based current collector enables the development of a fully carbon-based supercapacitor system, without compromising its electrochemical performance. This approach introduces a metal-free OLC supercapacitor and promotes environmental sustainability by reducing the dependence on conventional metal-based components and provides a more resource-efficient solution to address the energy storage needs.

超级电容器具有高功率密度和延长周期的稳定性,因此将在未来能源领域发挥至关重要的作用。然而,能量密度往往相对较低,部分原因在于传统的重型电流收集器,这也带来了可持续性问题。如何在保持超级电容器性能的同时,集成轻质、灵活的电流收集器和环保型活性材料至关重要。在此,我们报告了一种使用碳纸电流收集器和类洋葱碳(OLC)的无金属超级电容器。电极是利用洋葱状碳墨水通过可扩展的灵活喷涂工艺制作的。在 2.5 V 的电压窗口内,扫描速度为 2.5 mV/s,纸基电极的电容值(24.1 F/g,34.9 mF/cm2)比铝集流体的电容值(22.5 F/g,31.5 mF/cm2)高。在超级电容器的实际工作窗口 100 mV/s-5 V/s 的较高扫描速率下,纸基电极的性能显著提高。稳定性测试表明,经过 10,000 次循环后,两种电极的电容保持率均达到 98%。利用洋葱状碳作为活性材料和纸基集流器,可以开发出完全基于碳的超级电容器系统,而不会影响其电化学性能。这种方法引入了无金属 OLC 超级电容器,通过减少对传统金属元件的依赖,促进了环境的可持续发展,并为满足能源存储需求提供了一种资源效率更高的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Electrochemistry Communications
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