Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108088
R. Adcock , T. Chen , N. Click , M. Tao
Metal separation and recovery are a key aspect of silicon solar module recycling. This paper provides a fundamental understanding of the leaching and electrowinning in hydrochloric acid of two critical metals in silicon solar cells: copper and tin. A leaching model for solder-coated copper wires was developed to reveal rate orders with respect to concentrations of leaching agents and stirring. Kinetic parameters for electrowinning of copper and tin were determined through Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine redox potentials of copper and tin allowing their electrochemical separation. Finally high recovery rates and high metal purity, both over 99 %, were achieved for copper and tin through sequential electrowinning. Hydrochloric acid leaching and sequential electrowinning provide a simple and effective option for the recovery of copper and tin from silicon solar modules.
{"title":"Leaching and sequential electrowinning of cu and Sn from silicon solar modules","authors":"R. Adcock , T. Chen , N. Click , M. Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal separation and recovery are a key aspect of silicon solar module recycling. This paper provides a fundamental understanding of the leaching and electrowinning in hydrochloric acid of two critical metals in silicon solar cells: copper and tin. A leaching model for solder-coated copper wires was developed to reveal rate orders with respect to concentrations of leaching agents and stirring. Kinetic parameters for electrowinning of copper and tin were determined through Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine redox potentials of copper and tin allowing their electrochemical separation. Finally high recovery rates and high metal purity, both over 99 %, were achieved for copper and tin through sequential electrowinning. Hydrochloric acid leaching and sequential electrowinning provide a simple and effective option for the recovery of copper and tin from silicon solar modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108089
Charaf Cherkouk , Marc Ferch , Robert Hahn , Tina Weigel , Thomas Köhler , Christian Ludt , Hartmut Stöcker , Annekatrin Delan , Frans Munnik , Ulrich Kentsch , Christoph Folgner , Thomas Schumann , Viktor Begeza , Yu Cheng , Shengqiang Zhou , Lars Rebohle
Silicon is the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical specific capacity of 3590 mAhg−1 in the Li3.73Si phase at room temperature. However, two important issues such as volume expansion after the lithiation and the growth of a solid electrolyte interface during the cycling on the anodic side hinder the full use of Si as a negative electrode in modern LIBs. Here, we prelithiate the Si thin film on Cu foil using Li+ ion implantation at room temperature with a fluence of 1016 ions/ cm2 and three implantation energies of 1, 2 and 3 keV in order to achieve different depth profiles. The ion implantation enables a high controllability and homogeneity of the Li ion profile in the near surface region of the Si anode. Using both a half and full cell configuration versus lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) in a liquid electrolyte (1 M LiPF6, EC:DMC 1:1 and 2 wt% of FEC), the implanted Si anodes were cycled and compared to Si anodes without implantation. The morphology and the structure of the Si anodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Depth profiles of the implanted Li+ in the Si anode obtained by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) reveal that the distribution of the implanted Li+ extends from the surface to a depth of ca. 80 nm (deeper than predicted by simulations), which is caused by the roughness of the Cu foil. The roughness of the Si anode on Cu was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
{"title":"Prelithiation of silicon thin film anodes using ion implantation for lithium ion batteries","authors":"Charaf Cherkouk , Marc Ferch , Robert Hahn , Tina Weigel , Thomas Köhler , Christian Ludt , Hartmut Stöcker , Annekatrin Delan , Frans Munnik , Ulrich Kentsch , Christoph Folgner , Thomas Schumann , Viktor Begeza , Yu Cheng , Shengqiang Zhou , Lars Rebohle","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon is the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical specific capacity of 3590 mAhg<sup>−1</sup> in the Li<sub>3.73</sub>Si phase at room temperature. However, two important issues such as volume expansion after the lithiation and the growth of a solid electrolyte interface during the cycling on the anodic side hinder the full use of Si as a negative electrode in modern LIBs. Here, we prelithiate the Si thin film on Cu foil using Li<sup>+</sup> ion implantation at room temperature with a fluence of 10<sup>16</sup> ions/ cm<sup>2</sup> and three implantation energies of 1, 2 and 3 keV in order to achieve different depth profiles. The ion implantation enables a high controllability and homogeneity of the Li ion profile in the near surface region of the Si anode. Using both a half and full cell configuration versus lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) in a liquid electrolyte (1 M LiPF<sub>6</sub>, EC:DMC 1:1 and 2 wt% of FEC), the implanted Si anodes were cycled and compared to Si anodes without implantation. The morphology and the structure of the Si anodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Depth profiles of the implanted Li<sup>+</sup> in the Si anode obtained by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) reveal that the distribution of the implanted Li<sup>+</sup> extends from the surface to a depth of ca. 80 nm (deeper than predicted by simulations), which is caused by the roughness of the Cu foil. The roughness of the Si anode on Cu was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108087
Vaishnavi Sree Jeganathan, Rohan Akolkar
Non-uniform secondary current distribution at rotating disk electrodes (RDE) is a common problem when using resistive electrolyte media or large applied currents. In a recent publication, we have shown that auxiliary electrodes such as the ring of a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) can help suppress current non-uniformities at the disk enabling reliable electroanalytical measurements. However, this previous work considered linear kinetics where current distribution non-uniformities were moderate. In the present contribution, we consider current distribution non-uniformities encountered under Tafel kinetics. We show, for the case of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ) reduction, that optimally chosen ring conditions serve to provide effective shielding at the disk edge rendering the overall disk current distribution to be uniform. Numerical modeling and scaling analysis (using the Wagner number) are presented to aid a user in determining the optimal ring current density for achieving uniform disk current distribution under Tafel kinetics. This approach is especially useful when studying soluble-soluble redox transitions for which, unlike deposit distribution in electrodeposition, the current distribution non-uniformity is not visually apparent.
{"title":"Uniform secondary current distribution at disk electrodes under Tafel kinetics enabled by concentric current-shielding rings","authors":"Vaishnavi Sree Jeganathan, Rohan Akolkar","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-uniform secondary current distribution at rotating disk electrodes (RDE) is a common problem when using resistive electrolyte media or large applied currents. In a recent publication, we have shown that auxiliary electrodes such as the ring of a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) can help suppress current non-uniformities at the disk enabling reliable electroanalytical measurements. However, this previous work considered linear kinetics where current distribution non-uniformities were moderate. In the present contribution, we consider current distribution non-uniformities encountered under Tafel kinetics. We show, for the case of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DHBQ) reduction, that optimally chosen ring conditions serve to provide effective shielding at the disk edge rendering the overall disk current distribution to be uniform. Numerical modeling and scaling analysis (using the Wagner number) are presented to aid a user in determining the optimal ring current density for achieving uniform disk current distribution under Tafel kinetics. This approach is especially useful when studying soluble-soluble redox transitions for which, unlike deposit distribution in electrodeposition, the current distribution non-uniformity is not visually apparent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108079
Meixue Song , Ruifeng Dong , Tianyuan Xu
This study systematically investigates the influence mechanisms of heat treatment processes on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of hot-rolled 5083 aluminum alloy sheets, aiming to provide theoretical support for enhancing the service life of marine aluminum alloys. By integrating first-principles calculations with experimental data, the evolution patterns of second-phase composition and size under different annealing temperatures and holding times were revealed, elucidating their impact mechanisms on corrosion behavior. Conclusions: The typical second phases in 5083 aluminum alloy are Mg2Si, Al6Mn, Al3Ce, Al3Fe, and Al6(Mn, Fe). Between 150–400 °C, second phase particle size slightly decreased, while it significantly increased at 400–500 °C. Electrochemical test results indicate that the corrosion resistance of 5083 aluminum alloy is poorest at an annealing temperature of 350 °C. The variation in corrosion resistance primarily depends on the evolution of the β phase (Al3Mg2) and the dissolution and coarsening of the Al6Mn, Al3Fe, and Al6(Mn, Fe) phases.
{"title":"Study on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of 5083 aluminum alloy under heat treatment processes","authors":"Meixue Song , Ruifeng Dong , Tianyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the influence mechanisms of heat treatment processes on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of hot-rolled 5083 aluminum alloy sheets, aiming to provide theoretical support for enhancing the service life of marine aluminum alloys. By integrating first-principles calculations with experimental data, the evolution patterns of second-phase composition and size under different annealing temperatures and holding times were revealed, elucidating their impact mechanisms on corrosion behavior. Conclusions: The typical second phases in 5083 aluminum alloy are Mg<sub>2</sub>Si, Al<sub>6</sub>Mn, Al<sub>3</sub>Ce, Al<sub>3</sub>Fe, and Al<sub>6</sub>(Mn, Fe). Between 150–400 °C, second phase particle size slightly decreased, while it significantly increased at 400–500 °C. Electrochemical test results indicate that the corrosion resistance of 5083 aluminum alloy is poorest at an annealing temperature of 350 °C. The variation in corrosion resistance primarily depends on the evolution of the β phase (Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>) and the dissolution and coarsening of the Al<sub>6</sub>Mn, Al<sub>3</sub>Fe, and Al<sub>6</sub>(Mn, Fe) phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 108079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108077
Liguo Qian , Zhikai Tong , Yunling Jia , Ying Li
Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs), with their excellent electrical conductivity, high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable active sites, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, limited charge transport pathways and low electron mobility in single-metal 2D c-MOFs significantly restrict their energy storage performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose a universal and innovative strategy for constructing bimetallic 2D c-MOFs. Activated carbon paper (CP) was used as the substrate. By adjusting the ratios of different metal ions (M1/M2 = Co, Cu, Ni), a bottom-up in situ self-assembly strategy was employed to synthesize three types of M1/M2-HHTP@CP electrode materials (Co/Ni-HHTP@CP, Co/Cu-HHTP@CP, Cu/Ni-HHTP@CP; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene). The results show that the synergistic effect of Co and Ni is stronger than that of Co/Cu or Cu/Ni. Furthermore, the strengthened chemical bonding between Co/Ni-HHTP and CP markedly enhances the stability and electron transport of the electrode, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 544 F g−1 for Co/Ni-HHTP@CP. When assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor (Co/Ni-HHTP@CP || AC), the device delivers a power density of 400 W kg−1 and an energy density of 52.11 W h kg−1, while maintaining 93.02 % of its initial capacitance and 95.96 % Coulombic efficiency even after 5000 cycles. This study offers a new strategy for the rational design of bimetallic 2D c-MOFs-based supercapacitors.
{"title":"In situ construction of a dual-metal 2D conjugated metal-organic framework on carbon paper for asymmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Liguo Qian , Zhikai Tong , Yunling Jia , Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D <em>c</em>-MOFs), with their excellent electrical conductivity, high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable active sites, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, limited charge transport pathways and low electron mobility in single-metal 2D <em>c</em>-MOFs significantly restrict their energy storage performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose a universal and innovative strategy for constructing bimetallic 2D <em>c</em>-MOFs. Activated carbon paper (CP) was used as the substrate. By adjusting the ratios of different metal ions (M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>2</sub> = Co, Cu, Ni), a bottom-up in situ self-assembly strategy was employed to synthesize three types of M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>2</sub>-HHTP@CP electrode materials (Co/Ni-HHTP@CP, Co/Cu-HHTP@CP, Cu/Ni-HHTP@CP; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene). The results show that the synergistic effect of Co and Ni is stronger than that of Co/Cu or Cu/Ni. Furthermore, the strengthened chemical bonding between Co/Ni-HHTP and CP markedly enhances the stability and electron transport of the electrode, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 544 F g<sup>−1</sup> for Co/Ni-HHTP@CP. When assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor (Co/Ni-HHTP@CP || AC), the device delivers a power density of 400 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and an energy density of 52.11 W h kg<sup>−1</sup>, while maintaining 93.02 % of its initial capacitance and 95.96 % Coulombic efficiency even after 5000 cycles. This study offers a new strategy for the rational design of bimetallic 2D <em>c</em>-MOFs-based supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108074
Jihae Kim , Donghoon Han
The hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in electrolytes containing different ionic species to characterize gas-evolution potentials and interfacial kinetics. Systematic variations in current response and onset potential were observed with changes in electrolyte composition and concentration. These trends allowed estimation of the critical surface concentration required for bubble nucleation, providing quantitative insight into gas behavior at electrified interfaces. Measurements with Pt ultramicroelectrodes revealed a distinct current drop arising from N2 bubble formation, serving as an electrochemical signature of interfacial gas nucleation. In the presence of iodide, an additional anodic peak was detected, demonstrating direct I− involvement in the interfacial reaction pathway and identifying a secondary oxidation process beyond the canonical HzOR. These results establish a framework for assessing electrolyte-dependent bubble dynamics and their influence on gas-evolving electrochemical reactions.
{"title":"Electrolyte-dependent nitrogen bubble dynamics in hydrazine oxidation at Pt ultramicroelectrodes","authors":"Jihae Kim , Donghoon Han","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in electrolytes containing different ionic species to characterize gas-evolution potentials and interfacial kinetics. Systematic variations in current response and onset potential were observed with changes in electrolyte composition and concentration. These trends allowed estimation of the critical surface concentration required for bubble nucleation, providing quantitative insight into gas behavior at electrified interfaces. Measurements with Pt ultramicroelectrodes revealed a distinct current drop arising from N<sub>2</sub> bubble formation, serving as an electrochemical signature of interfacial gas nucleation. In the presence of iodide, an additional anodic peak was detected, demonstrating direct I<sup>−</sup> involvement in the interfacial reaction pathway and identifying a secondary oxidation process beyond the canonical HzOR. These results establish a framework for assessing electrolyte-dependent bubble dynamics and their influence on gas-evolving electrochemical reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108075
Yujeong Yun , Jeong-Jin Yang , Jekyeong Yu , Sunkyung You , Jae-Kwang Kim , Young-Ran Lee , Seongki Ahn , Jinjoo Park , Hong-Il Kim
A composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) was developed by incorporating illite inorganic fillers into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix with a UV-activated crosslinking agent. The illite fillers suppressed PEO crystallinity, enhanced Li-ion transport, and reinforced mechanical stability. The optimized CPE showed an ionic conductivity of 8.59 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C) and a tensile strength of 9.86 MPa, and a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NCM622)//Li coin cell incorporating the optimized CPE delivered a discharge capacity of 128 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. This strategy offers a promising route to safe, high-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries.
将伊利石无机填料掺入聚乙烯氧化物（PEO）基体中，采用uv活化交联剂制备了复合聚合物电解质（CPE）。伊利石填料抑制PEO结晶度，增强锂离子输运，增强机械稳定性。优化后的CPE在室温（25℃）下的离子电导率为8.59 × 10−5 S cm−1，抗拉强度为9.86 MPa，采用优化后的CPE制备的LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NCM622)//Li纽扣电池在100次循环后的放电容量为128 mAh g−1。这种策略为制造安全、高性能的固态锂金属电池提供了一条有前途的途径。
{"title":"Illite-reinforced polymer/inorganic hybrid electrolytes for high-performance solid-state Lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Yujeong Yun , Jeong-Jin Yang , Jekyeong Yu , Sunkyung You , Jae-Kwang Kim , Young-Ran Lee , Seongki Ahn , Jinjoo Park , Hong-Il Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) was developed by incorporating illite inorganic fillers into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix with a UV-activated crosslinking agent. The illite fillers suppressed PEO crystallinity, enhanced Li-ion transport, and reinforced mechanical stability. The optimized CPE showed an ionic conductivity of 8.59 × 10<sup>−5</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature (25 °C) and a tensile strength of 9.86 MPa, and a LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM622)//Li coin cell incorporating the optimized CPE delivered a discharge capacity of 128 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 100 cycles. This strategy offers a promising route to safe, high-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108066
Matthew J. Cullin , Raghu Srinivasan
This work investigates electrochemical methods for accelerating the corrosion of plain carbon steel in seawater with the intention of informing efforts to passively demolish steel marine structures. The study examined both galvanic (dissimilar metal) and oxidizing chemical (non-galvanic) approaches to increasing the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel in seawater. Zero-resistance ammetry experiments showed that when coupled to plain carbon steel in substitute ocean [sea] water, Grade 2 titanium and 316 stainless steel increased the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel (over baseline) by 4.8x and 13x respectively. Polarization measurements were used to investigate the effect of oxidizing chemicals in substitute ocean [sea] water on the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel, in the absence of a galvanic couple. The most aggressive of the candidate species, 0.1M oxalic acid + 0.01M FeCl3, produced a plain carbon steel corrosion rate of 26.1 mpy. The results of this work indicate that both the titanium galvanic couple approach, and aggressive chemical approach (oxalic acid + ferric chloride), are viable options for the passive demolition of carbon steel marine structures.
{"title":"Accelerated degradation of carbon steel in seawater for the purpose of passive demolition of marine structures","authors":"Matthew J. Cullin , Raghu Srinivasan","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates electrochemical methods for accelerating the corrosion of plain carbon steel in seawater with the intention of informing efforts to passively demolish steel marine structures. The study examined both galvanic (dissimilar metal) and oxidizing chemical (non-galvanic) approaches to increasing the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel in seawater. Zero-resistance ammetry experiments showed that when coupled to plain carbon steel in substitute ocean [sea] water, Grade 2 titanium and 316 stainless steel increased the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel (over baseline) by 4.8x and 13x respectively. Polarization measurements were used to investigate the effect of oxidizing chemicals in substitute ocean [sea] water on the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel, in the absence of a galvanic couple. The most aggressive of the candidate species, 0.1M oxalic acid + 0.01M FeCl<sub>3</sub>, produced a plain carbon steel corrosion rate of 26.1 mpy. The results of this work indicate that both the titanium galvanic couple approach, and aggressive chemical approach (oxalic acid + ferric chloride), are viable options for the passive demolition of carbon steel marine structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents time-resolved X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements to investigate the wetting and water discharge behavior of the microporous layer (MPL) in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. To simulate the condensation of water vapor generated in the catalyst layer, we cooled the substrate side of the GDL using a Peltier device, allowing water vapor that had diffused into the MPL to condense into liquid. The resultant time-resolved CT images showed the dynamic evolution of wet domains in the MPL. The wet fraction of the MPL reached a steady state, whereas the water accumulation continued to progress both on the MPL outer surface and in the substrate side. Classification of wet domains on the basis of their connectivity revealed that domains connected to the outer surface of the MPL serve as persistent discharge pathways of the liquid water from the MPL.
{"title":"Time-resolved X-ray computed tomography of wetting at the outer surface of the microporous layer in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell","authors":"Satoru Kato, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Yoriko Matsuoka, Akihiko Kato, Takahisa Suzuki, Yasutaka Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elecom.2025.108065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents time-resolved X-ray computed tomography (CT) measurements to investigate the wetting and water discharge behavior of the microporous layer (MPL) in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. To simulate the condensation of water vapor generated in the catalyst layer, we cooled the substrate side of the GDL using a Peltier device, allowing water vapor that had diffused into the MPL to condense into liquid. The resultant time-resolved CT images showed the dynamic evolution of wet domains in the MPL. The wet fraction of the MPL reached a steady state, whereas the water accumulation continued to progress both on the MPL outer surface and in the substrate side. Classification of wet domains on the basis of their connectivity revealed that domains connected to the outer surface of the MPL serve as persistent discharge pathways of the liquid water from the MPL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":304,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemistry Communications","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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