Fawad Rafique, Syed Wahid Hussain, Muhammad Mudassar Naushahi, Sayed Khalid Hussain Shah, M. Amjad
Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals of the macroeconomic policy executed through the country's central bank. The persistence of inflation is considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes the standard of living of the majority of people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in energy price shocks as one of the drivers of inflation. So, the present study examines the role of pump diesel and pump gasoline prices on inflation controlling real exchange deprecation and urbanization using NARDL from 1990 to 2020. The result shows that the pump domestic diesel prices and pump domestic gasoline prices have a positively asymmetric impact on inflation in Pakistan. In contrast, real exchange deprecation and urbanization positively affect inflation. This study recommended that the government decrease the dependence on imported energy and focus on cheaper and domestic energy resources to fulfil the growing energy demand.
{"title":"Analyzing the Pump Diesel and Gasoline Prices on Inflation in Pakistan: A New Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL","authors":"Fawad Rafique, Syed Wahid Hussain, Muhammad Mudassar Naushahi, Sayed Khalid Hussain Shah, M. Amjad","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.270","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals of the macroeconomic policy executed through the country's central bank. The persistence of inflation is considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes the standard of living of the majority of people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in energy price shocks as one of the drivers of inflation. So, the present study examines the role of pump diesel and pump gasoline prices on inflation controlling real exchange deprecation and urbanization using NARDL from 1990 to 2020. The result shows that the pump domestic diesel prices and pump domestic gasoline prices have a positively asymmetric impact on inflation in Pakistan. In contrast, real exchange deprecation and urbanization positively affect inflation. This study recommended that the government decrease the dependence on imported energy and focus on cheaper and domestic energy resources to fulfil the growing energy demand.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129500352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spirituality is a complex and multilayered construct that can incorporate the internal, external, personal, emotional and physical expression of the sacred expression. Spirituality refers to different prospects for different people, such as believing in a higher power, inner peace, finding a higher purpose in life, and connectedness with self, others and the natural world, among others. Spirituality has a significant association with the life of human beings and is a greater source of positive deeds, which has a great concern in an individual's personal, social, physical and economic situation. Throughout the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan, individuals living with HIV face several stressors regarding the chronicity of their diseases and experience a very high level of post-traumatic stress. In this study, researchers examined the impacts of spirituality on the health condition of HIV patients by applying quantitative research methods & techniques. Data were collected from patients registered at HIV/AIDS control centres of districts Gujrat and Sargodha. Non-random convenience sampling techniques were applied, and primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Advanced statistical software SPSS-21 was used for empirical and reliable results. The findings of the study indicated that spirituality has significantly positive impacts on the psycho-social and physical health conditions of HIV patients.
{"title":"Impacts of Spirituality on Health Status of HIV/AIDS Infected People: A Study of HIV/AIDS Control Centers in District Gujrat and Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Iqra Shakeel, Afzaal Afzal, Aaqib Shahzad Alvi, Intisar Hussain","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.295","url":null,"abstract":"Spirituality is a complex and multilayered construct that can incorporate the internal, external, personal, emotional and physical expression of the sacred expression. Spirituality refers to different prospects for different people, such as believing in a higher power, inner peace, finding a higher purpose in life, and connectedness with self, others and the natural world, among others. Spirituality has a significant association with the life of human beings and is a greater source of positive deeds, which has a great concern in an individual's personal, social, physical and economic situation. Throughout the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan, individuals living with HIV face several stressors regarding the chronicity of their diseases and experience a very high level of post-traumatic stress. In this study, researchers examined the impacts of spirituality on the health condition of HIV patients by applying quantitative research methods & techniques. Data were collected from patients registered at HIV/AIDS control centres of districts Gujrat and Sargodha. Non-random convenience sampling techniques were applied, and primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Advanced statistical software SPSS-21 was used for empirical and reliable results. The findings of the study indicated that spirituality has significantly positive impacts on the psycho-social and physical health conditions of HIV patients.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130108556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research article delves into the enduring challenges faced by our country in ensuring the preservation of constitutional liberties, even long after the end of the British colonial era. Examining the notion of "might is right" prevalent in our society, we highlight the existing disparity between the Constitution's perceived strength and its practical application. By scrutinizing the principle of strict construction of laws, we explore how it poses significant threats to citizens' liberties. While stringent interpretation may appear necessary for national security and governance, it often leads to an unjust infringement upon individual rights. This study emphasizes the importance of imposing limitations on government requirements to safeguard against arbitrary deprivation of liberty. By advocating for due care, caution, and attention in the decision-making process, we aim to foster a more balanced approach that respects citizens' fundamental rights while ensuring effective governance. Through an in-depth analysis of relevant legal precedents, we propose alternative strategies and reforms that can mitigate the existing shortcomings in upholding constitutional liberties, promoting a society where justice and freedom prevail.
{"title":"MPO: A Menace to Fundamental Rights - Unveiling the Abuses","authors":"Gohar Masood Qureshi, Anum Shahid, Shumain Malik","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.356","url":null,"abstract":"This research article delves into the enduring challenges faced by our country in ensuring the preservation of constitutional liberties, even long after the end of the British colonial era. Examining the notion of \"might is right\" prevalent in our society, we highlight the existing disparity between the Constitution's perceived strength and its practical application. By scrutinizing the principle of strict construction of laws, we explore how it poses significant threats to citizens' liberties. While stringent interpretation may appear necessary for national security and governance, it often leads to an unjust infringement upon individual rights. This study emphasizes the importance of imposing limitations on government requirements to safeguard against arbitrary deprivation of liberty. By advocating for due care, caution, and attention in the decision-making process, we aim to foster a more balanced approach that respects citizens' fundamental rights while ensuring effective governance. Through an in-depth analysis of relevant legal precedents, we propose alternative strategies and reforms that can mitigate the existing shortcomings in upholding constitutional liberties, promoting a society where justice and freedom prevail.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125461564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arfa Afzal, S. Khan, Sana Daud, Z. Ahmad, Ayesha Butt
The digital divide, characterized by disparities in access to and use of technology, presents a significant challenge in education. This study aims to investigate the impact of the digital divide on students' access to technology and its influence on their educational outcomes. A quantitative research methodology was employed, with a sample size of 400 students from diverse educational backgrounds. The study utilized survey questionnaires to gather data on internet access, device ownership, and technology use in education. The findings revealed variations in internet access across different age groups, with younger individuals having higher levels of access compared to older age groups. Additionally, disparities in household internet access were observed between rural and urban areas, with rural areas experiencing lower connectivity. Gender-based differences in personal device ownership were also evident, highlighting potential gender-related digital divides. Moreover, students from low-income households faced lower levels of internet access, indicating a socioeconomic divide in technology access. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of establishing technology resource centers in schools and fostering public-private partnerships to bridge the technology gap in education. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing insights into the digital divide and offering recommendations for addressing this issue in the field of education.
{"title":"Addressing the Digital Divide: Access and Use of Technology in Education","authors":"Arfa Afzal, S. Khan, Sana Daud, Z. Ahmad, Ayesha Butt","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.326","url":null,"abstract":"The digital divide, characterized by disparities in access to and use of technology, presents a significant challenge in education. This study aims to investigate the impact of the digital divide on students' access to technology and its influence on their educational outcomes. A quantitative research methodology was employed, with a sample size of 400 students from diverse educational backgrounds. The study utilized survey questionnaires to gather data on internet access, device ownership, and technology use in education. The findings revealed variations in internet access across different age groups, with younger individuals having higher levels of access compared to older age groups. Additionally, disparities in household internet access were observed between rural and urban areas, with rural areas experiencing lower connectivity. Gender-based differences in personal device ownership were also evident, highlighting potential gender-related digital divides. Moreover, students from low-income households faced lower levels of internet access, indicating a socioeconomic divide in technology access. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of establishing technology resource centers in schools and fostering public-private partnerships to bridge the technology gap in education. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing insights into the digital divide and offering recommendations for addressing this issue in the field of education.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121324077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Shahid, Muhammad Ali Ather, Sana Shahid, Zara Imran
The current study sought to investigate and add critical consequences of work engagement to the literature on psychological capital in the healthcare sector of Pakistan. For better understanding of the mechanism, Positive Emotions (PE) is added as potential mediator between the relationship of psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement. Also, the moderating role of emotional intelligence is studied. A total of 370 registered nurses working in tertiary public and private hospitals of Lahore participated in the survey. Using convenience sampling technique, the data were collected through a standardized and structured questionnaire using cross-sectional time frame. Results revealed that PE partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and work engagement. Moderation revealed a statistically significant moderation of EI between PsyCap and PE. Also, it was worth noting that mediating effect of positive emotions among psychological capital and work engagement was moderated by emotional intelligence at all three levels of moderation. Workplace interventions need to be developed and implemented to increase the psychological capital and work engagement of registered nurses. Findings from this research have implications for registered nurses and hospital management as well as the literature of positive psychology. The results underlined the vital role of sub dimensions of PsyCap, EI and PE in developing work engagement among registered nurses.
{"title":"Psychological Capital and Work Engagement: A Mediated Moderation Model of Positive Emotions and Emotional Intelligence","authors":"H. Shahid, Muhammad Ali Ather, Sana Shahid, Zara Imran","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.239","url":null,"abstract":"The current study sought to investigate and add critical consequences of work engagement to the literature on psychological capital in the healthcare sector of Pakistan. For better understanding of the mechanism, Positive Emotions (PE) is added as potential mediator between the relationship of psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement. Also, the moderating role of emotional intelligence is studied. A total of 370 registered nurses working in tertiary public and private hospitals of Lahore participated in the survey. Using convenience sampling technique, the data were collected through a standardized and structured questionnaire using cross-sectional time frame. Results revealed that PE partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and work engagement. Moderation revealed a statistically significant moderation of EI between PsyCap and PE. Also, it was worth noting that mediating effect of positive emotions among psychological capital and work engagement was moderated by emotional intelligence at all three levels of moderation. Workplace interventions need to be developed and implemented to increase the psychological capital and work engagement of registered nurses. Findings from this research have implications for registered nurses and hospital management as well as the literature of positive psychology. The results underlined the vital role of sub dimensions of PsyCap, EI and PE in developing work engagement among registered nurses.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125310285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allahdad Lashari, Hammadullah Kakepoto, Zuhaib Ali, M. Ibrar
The central object of this research study was to find out the roots of the increasing number of street children in major urban cities of Indonesia. This research planned to find out the extent of poverty; domestic violence, family dysfunction, and wanted for freedom have increased the number of street children. The survey strategy used in this research, researchers used a survey strategy, the study target population consisted of street children working and living on the street. The interview and close-ended Questionnaire were used in this study to gather data from the respondents and out of three hundred and eighty-four (384) who were sampled three hundred eighty-one (381) of them responded, the total response rate was ninety-nine (99) percent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for Data analysis. The research findings established that poverty, economic deprivation, low of home, domestic violence at home by parents, and family dysfunction have generally had an impact on street children. The former street children face difficulties and isolation due to stigma.
{"title":"Causes Associated with the Growing Number of Street Children in Urban Cities of Indonesia","authors":"Allahdad Lashari, Hammadullah Kakepoto, Zuhaib Ali, M. Ibrar","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.276","url":null,"abstract":"The central object of this research study was to find out the roots of the increasing number of street children in major urban cities of Indonesia. This research planned to find out the extent of poverty; domestic violence, family dysfunction, and wanted for freedom have increased the number of street children. The survey strategy used in this research, researchers used a survey strategy, the study target population consisted of street children working and living on the street. The interview and close-ended Questionnaire were used in this study to gather data from the respondents and out of three hundred and eighty-four (384) who were sampled three hundred eighty-one (381) of them responded, the total response rate was ninety-nine (99) percent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for Data analysis. The research findings established that poverty, economic deprivation, low of home, domestic violence at home by parents, and family dysfunction have generally had an impact on street children. The former street children face difficulties and isolation due to stigma.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122537772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asif Z. Warsi, Abida Noreen, Qudsiya Irum, Maqsood Ahmed Brohi, Aamir Abbas
The rapid industrialization in the Korangi Industrial Area has led to increased levels of pollution, posing significant challenges to the lives and livelihoods of the residents. The release of harmful pollutants, such as toxic gases and industrial waste, has raised concerns about the health, environment, and socio-economic well-being of the local population. The present research study aims to explore the extent of pollution, its impact on the health and well-being of individuals, and the associated socio-economic consequences. By examining the case of Korangi Industrial Area, the study seeks to contribute to the understanding of industrial pollution's adverse effects on residents and provide recommendations for mitigating these effects. The present research study employed a quantitative technique. Data was collected through a survey based on five points Likert scale. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 150 residents from different areas within the Korangi Industrial Area of 2 Km in the surrounding. Data is analysed through SPSS 26 and results are presented in descriptive and inferential statistics. The present research study concludes that industrial pollution in the Korangi Industrial Area has severe detrimental effects on the lives of residents. The high levels of pollution adversely affect their health, well-being, and socio-economic conditions.
{"title":"Industrial Pollution Effects on the Lives of Residents: A Case Study of Korangi Industrial Area","authors":"Asif Z. Warsi, Abida Noreen, Qudsiya Irum, Maqsood Ahmed Brohi, Aamir Abbas","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.347","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid industrialization in the Korangi Industrial Area has led to increased levels of pollution, posing significant challenges to the lives and livelihoods of the residents. The release of harmful pollutants, such as toxic gases and industrial waste, has raised concerns about the health, environment, and socio-economic well-being of the local population. The present research study aims to explore the extent of pollution, its impact on the health and well-being of individuals, and the associated socio-economic consequences. By examining the case of Korangi Industrial Area, the study seeks to contribute to the understanding of industrial pollution's adverse effects on residents and provide recommendations for mitigating these effects. The present research study employed a quantitative technique. Data was collected through a survey based on five points Likert scale. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 150 residents from different areas within the Korangi Industrial Area of 2 Km in the surrounding. Data is analysed through SPSS 26 and results are presented in descriptive and inferential statistics. The present research study concludes that industrial pollution in the Korangi Industrial Area has severe detrimental effects on the lives of residents. The high levels of pollution adversely affect their health, well-being, and socio-economic conditions.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134328034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fazaila Shad, Azhar Khan, Mansoor Ullah, Farah Nadir
Business schools appear to be under-researched when it comes to sexual harassment. Because of the hesitancy of victims to report their experiences, sexual harassment in academia is often a hidden issue. In the last few years, the media and research have paid great attention to it, and the general public is becoming more aware of it. This research work aimed to find out the students' knowledge about sexual harassment, the types faced by students, and further, evaluate up to what extent sexual harassment impedes the academic performance of students. The study also aimed to find various elements leading to the sexual harassment experience of males and females in the classroom. The data of this qualitative study are collected through 30 semi-structured interviews from students of public and private business schools in Peshawar city. The study investigates the effect of sexual harassment on the academic performance of students. The results indicate that it affects the mental health and morale of students and it leads to dissatisfaction. Hence, there is a crucial need to develop sustainable systems to redress the structure through anti-sexual harassment policies.
{"title":"Exploring Sexual Harassment and Students' Academic Performance: A Case Study of Business Schools of Peshawar City","authors":"Fazaila Shad, Azhar Khan, Mansoor Ullah, Farah Nadir","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.250","url":null,"abstract":"Business schools appear to be under-researched when it comes to sexual harassment. Because of the hesitancy of victims to report their experiences, sexual harassment in academia is often a hidden issue. In the last few years, the media and research have paid great attention to it, and the general public is becoming more aware of it. This research work aimed to find out the students' knowledge about sexual harassment, the types faced by students, and further, evaluate up to what extent sexual harassment impedes the academic performance of students. The study also aimed to find various elements leading to the sexual harassment experience of males and females in the classroom. The data of this qualitative study are collected through 30 semi-structured interviews from students of public and private business schools in Peshawar city. The study investigates the effect of sexual harassment on the academic performance of students. The results indicate that it affects the mental health and morale of students and it leads to dissatisfaction. Hence, there is a crucial need to develop sustainable systems to redress the structure through anti-sexual harassment policies.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114142143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was intended to investigate the ‘Relationship between Autocratic Leadership Style and Teachers’ Job Performance’. The main objective of the study was, ‘To find out the relationship between autocratic leadership style and teachers’ job performance’. All secondary school teachers (SSTs) of the three chosen districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, i.e. Kohat, Peshawar and Buner were included in the target population of this research. Sample of this survey was selected from secondary schools of the three mentioned districts. The total number of secondary school teachers of the selected districts was 1092. Two closed ended research tools, Leadership Styles Questionnaire and Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire were developed. Reliability of total item correlation of the two questionnaires were found out using Cronbach’s Alpha which were 0.817 for Leadership Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) while 0.916 for Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ). On the basis of data analysis, the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on the findings of the study, secondary school heads (Headmasters and Principals) are recommended to help the teachers in classroom management, for improving their teaching skills, management skills, discipline, regularity and interpersonal skills. It is also recommended that special workshops, seminars and trainings on capacity building of the teachers may be arranged for enhancing their capabilities and overall improvement of the institutions.
{"title":"Relationship between Autocratic Leadership Style and Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":"","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.253","url":null,"abstract":"This study was intended to investigate the ‘Relationship between Autocratic Leadership Style and Teachers’ Job Performance’. The main objective of the study was, ‘To find out the relationship between autocratic leadership style and teachers’ job performance’. All secondary school teachers (SSTs) of the three chosen districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, i.e. Kohat, Peshawar and Buner were included in the target population of this research. Sample of this survey was selected from secondary schools of the three mentioned districts. The total number of secondary school teachers of the selected districts was 1092. Two closed ended research tools, Leadership Styles Questionnaire and Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire were developed. Reliability of total item correlation of the two questionnaires were found out using Cronbach’s Alpha which were 0.817 for Leadership Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) while 0.916 for Teachers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (TJPQ). On the basis of data analysis, the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on the findings of the study, secondary school heads (Headmasters and Principals) are recommended to help the teachers in classroom management, for improving their teaching skills, management skills, discipline, regularity and interpersonal skills. It is also recommended that special workshops, seminars and trainings on capacity building of the teachers may be arranged for enhancing their capabilities and overall improvement of the institutions.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114280207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The validity of Ireland’s tragedies fixes itself perfectly on the theory of Malthusian Catastrophe proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus. To prove how Ireland is driven to the Malthusian havoc rests upon proving how and why the Crown exploits the Irish and their country. That is tackled by inspecting Swift’s appeal to the government, A Modest Proposal, and convinces its audience that the ruin caused in Ireland is all in fact the blame of the Parliament, a panorama that Swift clasps onto in his essay. Swift’s claims from this literary piece are used to make explicit why he thought the British were to be blamed for the Malthusian decree of Ireland. Further, the paper meanders into the positive and preventative checks of Malthus’s doctrine aligning it with the absurd solution Swift presents in his essay. An impartial verdict regarding the so-called Ireland’s genocide conspiracy is dispensed. The reasons why Swift’s manuscript turns out a biting satire is picked apart and fiddled with. The researchers employ mammoth support from other research projects, Thomas Malthus’s own records, and also from the controversial masterpiece of Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal, and have penned down a carefully formulated chronological stream of evidence that wraps in its bearings the results of the research. The matrix grid of confirmations answers how the population surge was caused in Ireland equating in a Malthusian catastrophe, how do Malthus’s checks align with Swift’s grisly solution and why was his satiric solution so unsettling.
{"title":"Overpopulation as a Social Catastrophe in Ireland: An Analysis of Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal from the Perspective of Malthusian Catastrophe","authors":"Maryam Farid, Sulaiman Ahmad, Khushnood Arshad","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.266","url":null,"abstract":"The validity of Ireland’s tragedies fixes itself perfectly on the theory of Malthusian Catastrophe proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus. To prove how Ireland is driven to the Malthusian havoc rests upon proving how and why the Crown exploits the Irish and their country. That is tackled by inspecting Swift’s appeal to the government, A Modest Proposal, and convinces its audience that the ruin caused in Ireland is all in fact the blame of the Parliament, a panorama that Swift clasps onto in his essay. Swift’s claims from this literary piece are used to make explicit why he thought the British were to be blamed for the Malthusian decree of Ireland. Further, the paper meanders into the positive and preventative checks of Malthus’s doctrine aligning it with the absurd solution Swift presents in his essay. An impartial verdict regarding the so-called Ireland’s genocide conspiracy is dispensed. The reasons why Swift’s manuscript turns out a biting satire is picked apart and fiddled with. The researchers employ mammoth support from other research projects, Thomas Malthus’s own records, and also from the controversial masterpiece of Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal, and have penned down a carefully formulated chronological stream of evidence that wraps in its bearings the results of the research. The matrix grid of confirmations answers how the population surge was caused in Ireland equating in a Malthusian catastrophe, how do Malthus’s checks align with Swift’s grisly solution and why was his satiric solution so unsettling.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117258977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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