Mehreen Faiza, Muhammad Usman Ali, Apsara Majeed, Aamir Abbas
The increasing number of women entering the workforce in Pakistan has led to changes in family dynamics and raised concerns about the effects of long working hours on family relations. This research study aims to investigate the effects of long working hours on family relations among working women in Pakistan. The present research study has also explored the specific challenges faced by working women in Pakistan due to their long working hours and how it affects their relationships with their families. This study employed a quantitative method research design. Quantitative data is collected through structured questionnaires from working women of healthcare professionals, education and the banking sector to gain a rich understanding of their experiences, challenges and coping mechanisms. A sample of 250 study participants is selected through a purposive sampling technique considering factors such as occupation, industry, and work hours. The data is analyzed through the statistical tool SPSS 26 and presented in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study concluded that working women in Pakistan face significant challenges due to their long working hours. These challenges include time constraints, increased stress, and difficulty in fulfilling family obligations. The demanding nature of their work schedules often leads to work-family conflicts, which can strain relationships within the family.
{"title":"Effects of Long Working Hours on Family Relations: Evidences of Working Women in Pakistan","authors":"Mehreen Faiza, Muhammad Usman Ali, Apsara Majeed, Aamir Abbas","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.348","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of women entering the workforce in Pakistan has led to changes in family dynamics and raised concerns about the effects of long working hours on family relations. This research study aims to investigate the effects of long working hours on family relations among working women in Pakistan. The present research study has also explored the specific challenges faced by working women in Pakistan due to their long working hours and how it affects their relationships with their families. This study employed a quantitative method research design. Quantitative data is collected through structured questionnaires from working women of healthcare professionals, education and the banking sector to gain a rich understanding of their experiences, challenges and coping mechanisms. A sample of 250 study participants is selected through a purposive sampling technique considering factors such as occupation, industry, and work hours. The data is analyzed through the statistical tool SPSS 26 and presented in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study concluded that working women in Pakistan face significant challenges due to their long working hours. These challenges include time constraints, increased stress, and difficulty in fulfilling family obligations. The demanding nature of their work schedules often leads to work-family conflicts, which can strain relationships within the family.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115196818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study's objective is to evaluate the influences of numerous variables, including trade openness, renewable energy, and gross domestic product, on nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2022. The Kao and Pedroni result demonstrates that the variables are cointegrated. This study the relationships between renewable energy, GDP, and trade openness on CO2 emission in G-7 nations. Using the Panel ARDL approach, the results show that, in the long run, there is a positive and significant correlation between GDP and trade openness on nitrous oxide emission in G-7 countries. Additionally, there is an insignificant but positive link between renewable energy and N2O emissions. Our proposal to political leaders and government officials is that they should strongly encourage foreign investors to participate in the production of clean and renewable energy, such as green energy, rather than conventional energy, in order to both support the activities of our economy and promote environmental stability. The government has to impose rigorous environmental laws and regulations, as well as come up with incentives for people to follow those policies, in order to enhance the overall quality of the environment.
{"title":"Renewable Energy, Trade and Economic Growth on Nitrous Oxide Emission in G-7 Countries Using Panel ARDL Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.219","url":null,"abstract":"This study's objective is to evaluate the influences of numerous variables, including trade openness, renewable energy, and gross domestic product, on nitrous oxide emissions from 1990 to 2022. The Kao and Pedroni result demonstrates that the variables are cointegrated. This study the relationships between renewable energy, GDP, and trade openness on CO2 emission in G-7 nations. Using the Panel ARDL approach, the results show that, in the long run, there is a positive and significant correlation between GDP and trade openness on nitrous oxide emission in G-7 countries. Additionally, there is an insignificant but positive link between renewable energy and N2O emissions. Our proposal to political leaders and government officials is that they should strongly encourage foreign investors to participate in the production of clean and renewable energy, such as green energy, rather than conventional energy, in order to both support the activities of our economy and promote environmental stability. The government has to impose rigorous environmental laws and regulations, as well as come up with incentives for people to follow those policies, in order to enhance the overall quality of the environment.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"24 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113962602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irum Tahira, T. Sultan, Muqadas Javeed, Afzaal Afzal
In recent decades, there is a significant increase in divorce rates throughout the world and particularly in poor and developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistani society due to patriarchy, socio-cultural and religious reasons divorce is considered a taboo, which creates many long-lasting distresses for women in their social adjustment after the divorce. Therefore, the Social adjustment of divorced women is a social problem that raises many social and cultural questions in Pakistani society. The study is an attempt to find out the causes of divorce and to explore the social adjustment of divorced women in Pakistani society. Moreover, the influence of divorce on the personal lives of women and families is also comprehended. For this exploratory research snowball, a sampling technique is used to approach the respondents. In-depth interviews are conducted to collect the data. The thematic analysis is used to explore the phenomena. This research provides valuable insights into the reasons for divorce and the challenges faced by divorced women in their social adjustment in Pakistan. The research highlights the importance of societal support, acceptance and the socio-economic factors leading to divorce. Addressing the mentioned factors can promote healthier relationships and well-being among families.
{"title":"Social Adjustment of Divorced Women: A Study of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Irum Tahira, T. Sultan, Muqadas Javeed, Afzaal Afzal","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.330","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, there is a significant increase in divorce rates throughout the world and particularly in poor and developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistani society due to patriarchy, socio-cultural and religious reasons divorce is considered a taboo, which creates many long-lasting distresses for women in their social adjustment after the divorce. Therefore, the Social adjustment of divorced women is a social problem that raises many social and cultural questions in Pakistani society. The study is an attempt to find out the causes of divorce and to explore the social adjustment of divorced women in Pakistani society. Moreover, the influence of divorce on the personal lives of women and families is also comprehended. For this exploratory research snowball, a sampling technique is used to approach the respondents. In-depth interviews are conducted to collect the data. The thematic analysis is used to explore the phenomena. This research provides valuable insights into the reasons for divorce and the challenges faced by divorced women in their social adjustment in Pakistan. The research highlights the importance of societal support, acceptance and the socio-economic factors leading to divorce. Addressing the mentioned factors can promote healthier relationships and well-being among families.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125566983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Religious tourism is an important part of human culture and history. The Kartarpur Corridor in Pakistan has become a popular destination for Sikh pilgrims to attend the revered Gurdwara Darbar Sahib. This study investigated the experiences of Sikh Yatris traveling via the Kartarpur Corridor with respect to travel, logistics, living amenities, and performance of rituals. A total of 33 In-depth interviews were conducted during the period from June 2022 to July 2022 with purposively selected Sikh Yatris. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and NVIVO 11. Sikh Yatris, who visited Kartarpur, had wonderful experiences with logistics, living amenities, and the convenience of performing religious rituals. They reported feeling a strong spiritual connection to the Kartarpur Sahib Gurdwara and expressed appreciation for the facilitation of their religious pilgrimage by the Pakistani government. Participants also reported enjoying the friendly and hospitable atmosphere in Pakistan and feeling safe and secure during their visit. This study contributes to understanding the role of religious tourism in promoting cultural exchange, interfaith dialogue, and regional stability, with the potential to normalize relations between India and Pakistan.
宗教旅游是人类文化和历史的重要组成部分。巴基斯坦的卡尔塔普尔走廊已经成为锡克教朝圣者参加受人尊敬的Gurdwara Darbar Sahib的热门目的地。本研究调查了锡克教徒亚特里斯通过卡尔塔普尔走廊旅行的经历，包括旅行、后勤、生活设施和仪式的表现。在2022年6月至2022年7月期间，有目的地选择了锡克教徒Yatris，共进行了33次深度访谈。数据分析采用专题分析和NVIVO 11。锡克教徒亚特里斯访问了卡尔塔普尔，在后勤、生活设施和举行宗教仪式的便利方面都有了美好的体验。他们报告说，他们与Kartarpur Sahib Gurdwara有强烈的精神联系，并对巴基斯坦政府为他们的宗教朝圣提供便利表示感谢。与会者还报告说，他们很享受巴基斯坦友好好客的气氛，在访问期间感到安全。本研究有助于了解宗教旅游在促进文化交流、宗教间对话和地区稳定方面的作用，并有可能实现印度和巴基斯坦关系正常化。
{"title":"Religious Tourism: Experiences of Sikh Yatris Visting Kartarpur Corridor, Pakistan","authors":"R. Bashir, Khalil Ahmad","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.249","url":null,"abstract":"Religious tourism is an important part of human culture and history. The Kartarpur Corridor in Pakistan has become a popular destination for Sikh pilgrims to attend the revered Gurdwara Darbar Sahib. This study investigated the experiences of Sikh Yatris traveling via the Kartarpur Corridor with respect to travel, logistics, living amenities, and performance of rituals. A total of 33 In-depth interviews were conducted during the period from June 2022 to July 2022 with purposively selected Sikh Yatris. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and NVIVO 11. Sikh Yatris, who visited Kartarpur, had wonderful experiences with logistics, living amenities, and the convenience of performing religious rituals. They reported feeling a strong spiritual connection to the Kartarpur Sahib Gurdwara and expressed appreciation for the facilitation of their religious pilgrimage by the Pakistani government. Participants also reported enjoying the friendly and hospitable atmosphere in Pakistan and feeling safe and secure during their visit. This study contributes to understanding the role of religious tourism in promoting cultural exchange, interfaith dialogue, and regional stability, with the potential to normalize relations between India and Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amada, Humera Omer Farooq, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Aneeza Khalid
Online learning is one way for students to get the knowledge they need. Most schools around the world have switched to online learning, which means that students don't see each other as much. This study analyzed how these factors were associated with and impacted each other. a quantitative approach to gathering data and analysing the effectiveness of online learning platforms. A cross-sectional study design is used to collect data at a specific point in time. The sample consisted of 500 university students who have experienced remote education through online learning platforms. The sampling technique combination of convenience sampling and stratified random sampling. The primary data collection method was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to gather information about students' perceptions and experiences with online learning platforms. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of the existing literature on online learning effectiveness The test results indicated that all the variables had a positive effect on the effectiveness of online learning. This showed that the more effective online learning was, the more benefits and positive outcomes the student experienced. The result of this research showed that learning objectives could enable universities to increase the effectiveness of students' online learning by motivating students to join online classes and developing appropriate learning strategies for their individual needs.
{"title":"Evaluate the Effectiveness of Online Learning Platforms in Facilitating Remote Education","authors":"Amada, Humera Omer Farooq, Naveed Ahmad Taseer, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Aneeza Khalid","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.341","url":null,"abstract":"Online learning is one way for students to get the knowledge they need. Most schools around the world have switched to online learning, which means that students don't see each other as much. This study analyzed how these factors were associated with and impacted each other. a quantitative approach to gathering data and analysing the effectiveness of online learning platforms. A cross-sectional study design is used to collect data at a specific point in time. The sample consisted of 500 university students who have experienced remote education through online learning platforms. The sampling technique combination of convenience sampling and stratified random sampling. The primary data collection method was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to gather information about students' perceptions and experiences with online learning platforms. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of the existing literature on online learning effectiveness The test results indicated that all the variables had a positive effect on the effectiveness of online learning. This showed that the more effective online learning was, the more benefits and positive outcomes the student experienced. The result of this research showed that learning objectives could enable universities to increase the effectiveness of students' online learning by motivating students to join online classes and developing appropriate learning strategies for their individual needs.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"135 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125733679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjam Zaheer Hussain, Khuwaja Hisham Ul Hassan, Farhan Akmal
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health and well-being of individuals around the world, including special children. In Pakistan, the pandemic has exacerbated existing financial and home-bound challenges faced by special children and their families. This qualitative study aimed to examine the psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on special children in Pakistan and the ways in which financial and home-bound challenges have impacted their mental health. In-depth interviews and observation were used to gather data from participants. The findings revealed that the pandemic has resulted in increased stress and anxiety among special children, as well as decreased access to support and resources. The study highlights the importance of addressing the unique needs of special children and their families during times of crisis and provides insights into the strategies and support that can be implemented to mitigate the negative impacts of financial and home-bound challenges on their mental health. The results of this study contribute to the ongoing conversation about the impact of the pandemic on vulnerable populations and the need for targeted support during crisis situations.
{"title":"A Qualitative Study of the Psychological Effects of Covid-19 on Special Children of Pakistan: Examining the Impact of Financial and Home-Bound Challenges","authors":"Anjam Zaheer Hussain, Khuwaja Hisham Ul Hassan, Farhan Akmal","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.229","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health and well-being of individuals around the world, including special children. In Pakistan, the pandemic has exacerbated existing financial and home-bound challenges faced by special children and their families. This qualitative study aimed to examine the psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on special children in Pakistan and the ways in which financial and home-bound challenges have impacted their mental health. In-depth interviews and observation were used to gather data from participants. The findings revealed that the pandemic has resulted in increased stress and anxiety among special children, as well as decreased access to support and resources. The study highlights the importance of addressing the unique needs of special children and their families during times of crisis and provides insights into the strategies and support that can be implemented to mitigate the negative impacts of financial and home-bound challenges on their mental health. The results of this study contribute to the ongoing conversation about the impact of the pandemic on vulnerable populations and the need for targeted support during crisis situations.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"19 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132246913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately address the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial dircretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serving the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteous, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH). The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately addressed the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial discretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serve the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided a dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes a conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteousness, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH). The Qisas and Diyat laws, as pooled in Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, have not been argued and debated adequately and hence contain imperfections, tend to bring imbalance and introduce crimes like violence against women, vani, swara etc. The aim of the analysis is to address the shortcomings and loopholes prevailing in the criminal justice system by advancing solutions and concept clarity related to the institution of aqilah.
{"title":"An Analysis of Qisas and Diyat Laws, Inadequately Encompassed the Islamic Gist as Fused in Judicial System of Pakistan","authors":"Johar Wajahat, Hira Shahjehan, R. Ali","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.287","url":null,"abstract":"The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately address the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial dircretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serving the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteous, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH).\u0000\u0000The Qisas and Diyat is product of Islamic jurisprudence. The laws in Pakistan with distinct applicability of conceptual approach of Qisas and Diyat laws in trails are inadequately addressed the purposes of criminal justice along with consequences of vast judicial discretion in Qisas and Diyat cases will not serve the purpose of administering justice. The Holy Quran hasn’t provided a dictionary definition of justice, but it establishes a conceptual approach to the principle of equilibrium, parity, righteousness, proper assessing, veracity, individual capacity and progress and the accepted mandate. The key form of justice is the egalitarianism of human personalities being valued as Human beings, evidently indicated in the Holy injunctions of and even stressed in the last Holy Sermon of (PBUH). The Qisas and Diyat laws, as pooled in Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, have not been argued and debated adequately and hence contain imperfections, tend to bring imbalance and introduce crimes like violence against women, vani, swara etc. The aim of the analysis is to address the shortcomings and loopholes prevailing in the criminal justice system by advancing solutions and concept clarity related to the institution of aqilah.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134188148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topic of this literature review article is "ECCE Policy and Practice in Baluchistan". The article aims to critically analyze the existing policy framework and ECCE practices in Baluchistan and identify improvement opportunities. It provides recommendations and strategies for increasing parental and community involvement in ECCE programs. Overall, the article aims to provide insights and recommendations for improving the quality of ECCE services in Baluchistan based on a thorough review and analysis of existing literature. It involves conducting a comprehensive search for relevant literature on ECCE policy and practice in Baluchistan, evaluating the quality and credibility of the sources, synthesizing the information, and identifying common themes, issues, and challenges related to the topic. The review and analysis of existing literature also involve analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing policy framework and ECCE practices in Baluchistan, evaluating the impact of ECCE services on child development and future education, and providing recommendations and strategies for improving the quality of ECCE services in Baluchistan based on the findings from the literature review. Overall, the review and analysis of existing literature is a crucial aspect of this article as it provides a comprehensive understanding of ECCE policy and practice in Baluchistan and informs recommendations for improvement.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Early Childhood Education at Provincial Level: Policies, Practices, Issues, and Challenges in Baluchistan","authors":"Shazia Hameed, Naeem Akhtar","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.301","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this literature review article is \"ECCE Policy and Practice in Baluchistan\". The article aims to critically analyze the existing policy framework and ECCE practices in Baluchistan and identify improvement opportunities. It provides recommendations and strategies for increasing parental and community involvement in ECCE programs. Overall, the article aims to provide insights and recommendations for improving the quality of ECCE services in Baluchistan based on a thorough review and analysis of existing literature. It involves conducting a comprehensive search for relevant literature on ECCE policy and practice in Baluchistan, evaluating the quality and credibility of the sources, synthesizing the information, and identifying common themes, issues, and challenges related to the topic. The review and analysis of existing literature also involve analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing policy framework and ECCE practices in Baluchistan, evaluating the impact of ECCE services on child development and future education, and providing recommendations and strategies for improving the quality of ECCE services in Baluchistan based on the findings from the literature review. Overall, the review and analysis of existing literature is a crucial aspect of this article as it provides a comprehensive understanding of ECCE policy and practice in Baluchistan and informs recommendations for improvement.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124838403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to explore the lived experiences of six women leaders and their leadership practices for improving institutional performance at the university level. The article explains how authenticity in leadership attributes influences team effectiveness and institutional performance. The qualitative approach was adopted for this article. The population of the article was all university women leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Sample was chosen from HoDs at the University of Swat. Data were collected from 06 university women leaders through in-depth interviews. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to approach the participants. Obtained results prove that university women leaders significantly improve institutional performance through their authentic leadership practices. Moreover, findings suggest that authenticity plays an imperative role in the improvement of team effectiveness.
{"title":"University Women Leadership and Institutional Performance-Team Effectiveness: The Moderating Effect of Authenticity in Leadership","authors":"Mehnaz Begum, Abdul Ghaffar, M. Idris","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.299","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore the lived experiences of six women leaders and their leadership practices for improving institutional performance at the university level. The article explains how authenticity in leadership attributes influences team effectiveness and institutional performance. The qualitative approach was adopted for this article. The population of the article was all university women leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Sample was chosen from HoDs at the University of Swat. Data were collected from 06 university women leaders through in-depth interviews. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to approach the participants. Obtained results prove that university women leaders significantly improve institutional performance through their authentic leadership practices. Moreover, findings suggest that authenticity plays an imperative role in the improvement of team effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124919897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Furqan, M. Ramzan, B. Ullah, M. Hayat, Jawad Khalil, Muhammad Aqib Shafiq
This research was conducted to compare and contrast the effectiveness of Takaful and Conventional insurance providers in developing markets like Pakistan. This was achieved by collecting and analyzing information from the databases of four Takaful and four traditional insurance providers covering 2012-2018. The technical, cost and allocative efficiencies were determined using data envelopment analysis. Total assets and employee count were inputs, while investment income, net premium revenue, and other income were measured as outcomes. Labour and asset costs were included in determining profitability. As of 2012, Pakistan's Takaful insurance sector was considered extremely technically efficient. Conventional insurance companies were more technically efficient than Takaful insurance companies throughout the review period, with an average technical efficiency score of 0.890 compared to 0.730 for Takaful insurance companies. Pak-Qatar General Takaful was found to be the most technically efficient (0.855), Pak-Qatar Family Takaful most allocative (0.703) and cost-efficient (0.597) among all Takaful insurance firms in Pakistan. On average the technical efficiency score is 0.810, allocative efficiency 0.490 and cost efficiency 0.407. Tobit regression estimates found that investment income, size of the firm and number of employees significantly affects the efficiency scores of insurance companies. Based on the above discussion the researcher concludes that conventional and Takaful insurance companies require to improve their technical, allocative and cost efficiencies.
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