Ruhma Farooqi, M. I. Khan, Waqas Ahmad, Zahid Ullah, Sumera Imran
This research paper aims to elucidate the synergistic outcomes resulting from the integration of functional literacy initiatives with the objective of promoting women's empowerment in the District of Mardan. The research adopts a quantitative approach, with the primary objective of investigating the influence of functional literacy on women's empowerment and exploring its direct effects. The population of the study consisted of all five hundred female individuals enrolled in the functional literacy program in District Mardan. Hundred females were conveniently chosen from two union councils as a sample. In order to examine the data, descriptive statistics i.e. average and variability measured by the standard deviation were utilized. The results were tabulated along with corresponding interpretations. The primary outcome of the study indicated that knowledge of functional literacy positively influenced the lives of participants. Moreover, the research findings emphasized the crucial contribution of organizations in promoting women's empowerment through the facilitation of functional literacy. In order to build upon these discoveries, it is advised that future investigations delve into the incorporation of novel and advancing technologies like artificial intelligence and virtual reality within functional literacy initiatives. This exploration holds the potential for amplifying the influence of such programs on women's empowerment.
{"title":"Role of Functional Literacy and its Impact on Women’s Empowerment","authors":"Ruhma Farooqi, M. I. Khan, Waqas Ahmad, Zahid Ullah, Sumera Imran","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.328","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims to elucidate the synergistic outcomes resulting from the integration of functional literacy initiatives with the objective of promoting women's empowerment in the District of Mardan. The research adopts a quantitative approach, with the primary objective of investigating the influence of functional literacy on women's empowerment and exploring its direct effects. The population of the study consisted of all five hundred female individuals enrolled in the functional literacy program in District Mardan. Hundred females were conveniently chosen from two union councils as a sample. In order to examine the data, descriptive statistics i.e. average and variability measured by the standard deviation were utilized. The results were tabulated along with corresponding interpretations. The primary outcome of the study indicated that knowledge of functional literacy positively influenced the lives of participants. Moreover, the research findings emphasized the crucial contribution of organizations in promoting women's empowerment through the facilitation of functional literacy. In order to build upon these discoveries, it is advised that future investigations delve into the incorporation of novel and advancing technologies like artificial intelligence and virtual reality within functional literacy initiatives. This exploration holds the potential for amplifying the influence of such programs on women's empowerment.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121880160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper delves into the dynamics of marginalization in politics by examining the impact of inter-party marginalization on the political empowerment of women in Balochistan, Pakistan. Given that women make up half of the population, their involvement in various spheres, particularly political development, holds significant importance. The study specifically focuses on women who are active in the political arena, representing eight political parties in Balochistan: ANP, BNP-Mengal, NP, HDP, PkMAP, PML-N, PPPP, and PTI. A sample of 400 respondents was carefully selected from these parties to gather insights into the political participation and empowerment of women in the region. The findings demonstrate a relationship between women's political affiliation with political parties in Balochistan and their marginalization within the realm of party politics. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for political parties to provide equal opportunities for women to participate in party politics and emphasizes the importance of fair and unrestricted political engagement. This research sheds light on the level of women's involvement in politics in Balochistan and underscores the potential for further advancements in empowering women through equal representation.
{"title":"The Politics of Marginalization: Assessing the Influence of Inter-Party Marginalization on Women’s Political Empowerment in Balochistan, Pakistan","authors":"M. M. Kakar, M. Rahim, F. Abdullah","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.307","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper delves into the dynamics of marginalization in politics by examining the impact of inter-party marginalization on the political empowerment of women in Balochistan, Pakistan. Given that women make up half of the population, their involvement in various spheres, particularly political development, holds significant importance. The study specifically focuses on women who are active in the political arena, representing eight political parties in Balochistan: ANP, BNP-Mengal, NP, HDP, PkMAP, PML-N, PPPP, and PTI. A sample of 400 respondents was carefully selected from these parties to gather insights into the political participation and empowerment of women in the region. The findings demonstrate a relationship between women's political affiliation with political parties in Balochistan and their marginalization within the realm of party politics. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for political parties to provide equal opportunities for women to participate in party politics and emphasizes the importance of fair and unrestricted political engagement. This research sheds light on the level of women's involvement in politics in Balochistan and underscores the potential for further advancements in empowering women through equal representation.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116610137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leading successful school Principals plays a vital role in the school environment. Successful school Principals as educational leaders dedicate significant time to educating school stakeholders on the primary objective of school reform. They provide structures that facilitate communication between schools and processes that enable school stakeholders to engage in truly participatory decision-making. The purpose of this study, which examined the role of successful school Principals’ educational leadership and management practices, was to determine how Principals' leadership and management practices facilitate the transition to a successful school. The research was conducted using the experiences of three school Principals. The data were gathered utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, which included semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicated that Principals of schools made significant changes to transform their institutions into successful schools. The findings of this study are significant because they shed light on the relative strengths and weaknesses of successful school Principals’ leadership and management practices in transforming schools, as well as on the additional support that Principals require to transform their schools. The study recommends the areas of schools as leading successful schools’ leadership and management practices in order for schools the concept of schools to be more approachable to school stakeholders.
{"title":"Leading Successful Schools: Sharing the Wisdom (A Case Study into a Developing Country’s Perspective)","authors":"Rozina Sewani, Shabroz, Nazia Bibi","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.314","url":null,"abstract":"Leading successful school Principals plays a vital role in the school environment. Successful school Principals as educational leaders dedicate significant time to educating school stakeholders on the primary objective of school reform. They provide structures that facilitate communication between schools and processes that enable school stakeholders to engage in truly participatory decision-making. The purpose of this study, which examined the role of successful school Principals’ educational leadership and management practices, was to determine how Principals' leadership and management practices facilitate the transition to a successful school. The research was conducted using the experiences of three school Principals. The data were gathered utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, which included semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicated that Principals of schools made significant changes to transform their institutions into successful schools. The findings of this study are significant because they shed light on the relative strengths and weaknesses of successful school Principals’ leadership and management practices in transforming schools, as well as on the additional support that Principals require to transform their schools. The study recommends the areas of schools as leading successful schools’ leadership and management practices in order for schools the concept of schools to be more approachable to school stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129872236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper aimed to investigate the relationship between leadership and management training and the enhancement of skills of principals at the secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was motivated by the recognition of the crucial role that principals play in the success of secondary schools and the importance of their leadership and management skills. The research involved a comprehensive review of the role of principals at the secondary school level, the importance of training and professional development, and the specific challenges faced by principals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition, the study involved the collection of data through a questionnaire from the trained secondary school principals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to gain insights into their experiences with leadership and management training and how it has enhanced their skills and abilities. Their input and impression provided support to find the gaps and improve further the training, its process and procedure. The results of the study provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of leadership and management training programs in enhancing the skills of principals at the secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The findings could also inform the development of policies and programs aimed at improving the quality of education in the region.
{"title":"Relationship between Leadership and Management Training and Enhancement of Principal’s Skills at Public Sector Secondary School Level","authors":"Muhammad Attaullah, Rahim Khan","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.306","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aimed to investigate the relationship between leadership and management training and the enhancement of skills of principals at the secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was motivated by the recognition of the crucial role that principals play in the success of secondary schools and the importance of their leadership and management skills. The research involved a comprehensive review of the role of principals at the secondary school level, the importance of training and professional development, and the specific challenges faced by principals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition, the study involved the collection of data through a questionnaire from the trained secondary school principals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to gain insights into their experiences with leadership and management training and how it has enhanced their skills and abilities. Their input and impression provided support to find the gaps and improve further the training, its process and procedure. The results of the study provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of leadership and management training programs in enhancing the skills of principals at the secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The findings could also inform the development of policies and programs aimed at improving the quality of education in the region.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125744203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organizational efficiency and effectiveness depend upon the implementation of rules, regulations and policies devised by the organization. Basically, organizations follow ethics, prescribed by their various religion. Those Countries following Islam, mainly follow Islamic work ethics. Studying Islamic work ethics and their impact on several attitudes and behavior of employees need time. This study examines the impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment through the mediating mechanism of job satisfaction. During the process of data gathering, 294 questionnaires from public and private sector banks of Quetta City were collected. Among 294 respondents 223 male and 71 female respondents participated in the survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis and evaluation. Linear regression was used for hypothesis testing and Andrew F. Hayes Process Macro Four was utilized for studying the mediating effect. The findings of the study reveal that Islamic work ethics is positively and significantly related to organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between Islamic work Ethics and organizational citizenship behavior.
组织的效率和效力取决于组织制定的规章制度和政策的执行情况。基本上，各组织都遵循各自宗教规定的道德规范。那些信奉伊斯兰教的国家，主要遵循伊斯兰教的职业道德。研究伊斯兰职业道德及其对员工的一些态度和行为的影响需要时间。本研究通过工作满意度的中介机制，考察伊斯兰职业伦理对组织公民行为和组织承诺的影响。在数据收集过程中，从奎达市的公共和私营部门银行收集了294份问卷。在294名受访者中，223名男性和71名女性参与了调查。采用描述性统计和推断性统计对数据进行分析和评价。采用线性回归进行假设检验，采用Andrew F. Hayes Process Macro 4研究中介效应。研究发现，伊斯兰职业道德对组织公民行为具有显著的正向影响，工作满意度在伊斯兰职业道德与组织公民行为之间具有显著的中介作用。
{"title":"Impact of Islamic Work Ethics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Banking Sector of Quetta City","authors":"Sidrah Arif, Jameel Ahmad, Saubia Ramzan","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.336","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational efficiency and effectiveness depend upon the implementation of rules, regulations and policies devised by the organization. Basically, organizations follow ethics, prescribed by their various religion. Those Countries following Islam, mainly follow Islamic work ethics. Studying Islamic work ethics and their impact on several attitudes and behavior of employees need time. This study examines the impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment through the mediating mechanism of job satisfaction. During the process of data gathering, 294 questionnaires from public and private sector banks of Quetta City were collected. Among 294 respondents 223 male and 71 female respondents participated in the survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis and evaluation. Linear regression was used for hypothesis testing and Andrew F. Hayes Process Macro Four was utilized for studying the mediating effect. The findings of the study reveal that Islamic work ethics is positively and significantly related to organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between Islamic work Ethics and organizational citizenship behavior.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, students’ attitude toward science has been debated within diverse contexts, and the growth of positive attitude toward science has been a key goal of science. Classroom learning approaches for science students are a strong factor that predicts and determines the attitude of science students. Current research focused on the relationship of students’ attitudes towards science with their learning approach, meaningful and rote learning approaches on gender and SES basis by using 1966 science students from selected public secondary schools of Pakistan. The empirical results are estimated by using TOSRA approach by using a reliability value of 0.89 as an attitude scale. To measure the Learning Approach (LAQ), Cavallo (1996) scale was used (eliability value 0.74 for the Learning Approach scale, 0.56 for the Meaningful Learning scale, and r = 0.58 for the rote Learning scale). Alongside descriptive statistics, Pearson r was used in this research. Pearson r results revealed a positive and significant correlation between the variables, and a similar relationship was found for genders with no differences. The findings of this study would open new horizons for future researchers by showing the relation between different variables for wider consideration of the perspective.
{"title":"Relationship of Students’ Attitude towards Science with Their Learning Approach: A Gender and Socioeconomic Status (SES)","authors":"N. Mehmood, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Anwer","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.369","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, students’ attitude toward science has been debated within diverse contexts, and the growth of positive attitude toward science has been a key goal of science. Classroom learning approaches for science students are a strong factor that predicts and determines the attitude of science students. Current research focused on the relationship of students’ attitudes towards science with their learning approach, meaningful and rote learning approaches on gender and SES basis by using 1966 science students from selected public secondary schools of Pakistan. The empirical results are estimated by using TOSRA approach by using a reliability value of 0.89 as an attitude scale. To measure the Learning Approach (LAQ), Cavallo (1996) scale was used (eliability value 0.74 for the Learning Approach scale, 0.56 for the Meaningful Learning scale, and r = 0.58 for the rote Learning scale). Alongside descriptive statistics, Pearson r was used in this research. Pearson r results revealed a positive and significant correlation between the variables, and a similar relationship was found for genders with no differences. The findings of this study would open new horizons for future researchers by showing the relation between different variables for wider consideration of the perspective.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132857577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the mediating role of behavioral intention and moderating role of experience, this study aims to determine that how well Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is accepted and used in public universities, such as evidence from the University of the Punjab by using the UTAUT model. Data is gathered from the 340 employees working in the different Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) departments in the University of the Punjab. The boundary conditions and mechanisms between UTAUT model and employee behavior were estimated using SEM. SEM strongly agreed that behavioral intention partially mediated the impact of the UTAUT model on employees’ behavior. We discovered that experience can increase the indirect effects of behavioral intention on employee behavior. The research limitation is a longitudinal study. The study results have implications for exploring how the UTAUT model affects employees' behavior within the organization. This is the first study to examine the mediating role of behavioral intention and the moderating effect of experience in determining the relationship between UTAUT model and employee behavior using multi-source data from the educational sector.
{"title":"Technology Acceptance in Public Sector Universities: A Case Study of University of the Punjab","authors":"Waseem Subhani, Muqaddas Rehman, Waqas Baig","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.76","url":null,"abstract":"Through the mediating role of behavioral intention and moderating role of experience, this study aims to determine that how well Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is accepted and used in public universities, such as evidence from the University of the Punjab by using the UTAUT model. Data is gathered from the 340 employees working in the different Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) departments in the University of the Punjab. The boundary conditions and mechanisms between UTAUT model and employee behavior were estimated using SEM. SEM strongly agreed that behavioral intention partially mediated the impact of the UTAUT model on employees’ behavior. We discovered that experience can increase the indirect effects of behavioral intention on employee behavior. The research limitation is a longitudinal study. The study results have implications for exploring how the UTAUT model affects employees' behavior within the organization. This is the first study to examine the mediating role of behavioral intention and the moderating effect of experience in determining the relationship between UTAUT model and employee behavior using multi-source data from the educational sector.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overall, judicial libraries play a critical role in supporting the legal profession, promoting access to justice, and preserving the history of the law and the judicial system. Therefore, the major aim of this research was to investigate the problems being faced by judicial library users in the Malakand division of KPK. To meet the objective of the research, the researcher employed a quantitative research design with a closed-ended survey questionnaire for the purpose of collecting data. The data were collected from Judges and Advocates. There were 310 participants who participated in this study. According to the statistics of the participants, there were 243 males and 67 females. The statistics suggest that the majority of the participants were males. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, t-test, and ANOVA test. The problems found by the researcher include a lack of computer terminals in the digital library, libraries' Lack of prescribed textbooks, Slow internet speed, special skills required to use legal resources, Non-availability of law-related digital resources, Library Location of books very difficult, Lack of trained or professional staff in the library, Lack of knowledge regarding availability of electronic resources and services, No subscription for desired journals, Printing, and Scanning and photocopy problems, and Lack of OPAC facility.
{"title":"Investigating the Problems Being Faced by the Judicial Libraries Users: A Quantitative Study Conducted in Malakand Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"H. Khan, Iqbal Hussain Asad, Adeel Ahmad","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.331","url":null,"abstract":"Overall, judicial libraries play a critical role in supporting the legal profession, promoting access to justice, and preserving the history of the law and the judicial system. Therefore, the major aim of this research was to investigate the problems being faced by judicial library users in the Malakand division of KPK. To meet the objective of the research, the researcher employed a quantitative research design with a closed-ended survey questionnaire for the purpose of collecting data. The data were collected from Judges and Advocates. There were 310 participants who participated in this study. According to the statistics of the participants, there were 243 males and 67 females. The statistics suggest that the majority of the participants were males. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, t-test, and ANOVA test. The problems found by the researcher include a lack of computer terminals in the digital library, libraries' Lack of prescribed textbooks, Slow internet speed, special skills required to use legal resources, Non-availability of law-related digital resources, Library Location of books very difficult, Lack of trained or professional staff in the library, Lack of knowledge regarding availability of electronic resources and services, No subscription for desired journals, Printing, and Scanning and photocopy problems, and Lack of OPAC facility.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumer protection laws play a crucial role in safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers in any country. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of consumer laws in Pakistan and India, aiming to explore the similarities, differences, strengths, and weaknesses of the respective legal frameworks. The study examines the historical development, legal provisions, enforcement mechanisms, remedies and compensation, consumer rights and responsibilities, consumer awareness, and education initiatives, as well as the challenges and gaps in consumer protection laws. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources, including legislation, case law, scholarly articles, and reports. The paper begins with an introduction that provides the background and significance of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It outlines the research objectives and scope, as well as the methodology employed in the study. The historical overview section traces the evolution of consumer protection in both countries, highlighting key milestones and legislative frameworks that have shaped the present legal landscape. Moreover, it identifies challenges and gaps in the implementation of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It discusses issues related to consumer redressal, access to justice, and enforcement mechanisms.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Consumer Laws in Pakistan and India","authors":"Tehseenullah Khan, M. Zakir, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.363","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer protection laws play a crucial role in safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers in any country. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of consumer laws in Pakistan and India, aiming to explore the similarities, differences, strengths, and weaknesses of the respective legal frameworks. The study examines the historical development, legal provisions, enforcement mechanisms, remedies and compensation, consumer rights and responsibilities, consumer awareness, and education initiatives, as well as the challenges and gaps in consumer protection laws. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources, including legislation, case law, scholarly articles, and reports. The paper begins with an introduction that provides the background and significance of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It outlines the research objectives and scope, as well as the methodology employed in the study. The historical overview section traces the evolution of consumer protection in both countries, highlighting key milestones and legislative frameworks that have shaped the present legal landscape. Moreover, it identifies challenges and gaps in the implementation of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. It discusses issues related to consumer redressal, access to justice, and enforcement mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121976485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The utilization of soft power, based on attraction and persuasion, is crucial for countries in the international arena, as it discourages the use of hard power. For China, soft power is just as pivotal as hard power in its efforts to dominate the world. Beijing's preoccupation with soft power is rapidly increasing, and it seeks to convince the world that it is a benign power and believes in soft power in foreign policy. China has now emerged as a rising power due to its strong economy, initiation of the Belt and Road Initiative BRI, the resolution of outstanding issues with neighboring states, rapid progress in technological development, and contribution to UN peacekeeping missions. Despite this, China's image in the West is not positive, and the US and its allies will continue to attempt to damage China's soft power image by criticizing its BRI, debt-trap policies, authoritarian regime, human rights violations, and labor exploitation in Africa. The competition for soft power dominance between the US and China is in full swing. Both states seek to continue their hegemony in the 21st century. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and compare the utilization of soft power by China and the US, highlighting their respective soft power strategies.
{"title":"US-China Growing Competition in Soft Power","authors":"Dost Muhammad Barrech, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khan","doi":"10.54183/jssr.v3i2.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.288","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of soft power, based on attraction and persuasion, is crucial for countries in the international arena, as it discourages the use of hard power. For China, soft power is just as pivotal as hard power in its efforts to dominate the world. Beijing's preoccupation with soft power is rapidly increasing, and it seeks to convince the world that it is a benign power and believes in soft power in foreign policy. China has now emerged as a rising power due to its strong economy, initiation of the Belt and Road Initiative BRI, the resolution of outstanding issues with neighboring states, rapid progress in technological development, and contribution to UN peacekeeping missions. Despite this, China's image in the West is not positive, and the US and its allies will continue to attempt to damage China's soft power image by criticizing its BRI, debt-trap policies, authoritarian regime, human rights violations, and labor exploitation in Africa. The competition for soft power dominance between the US and China is in full swing. Both states seek to continue their hegemony in the 21st century. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze and compare the utilization of soft power by China and the US, highlighting their respective soft power strategies.","PeriodicalId":305127,"journal":{"name":"Spring 2023","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123950057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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